The effects of treatment adherence and treatment-specific therapeutic competencies on outcome and goal attainment in telephone-based therapy with caregivers of people with dementia

References

• Alzheimers Disease International. (2012). World Alzheimer report. Retrieved from http://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2012.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Barber, J.P., Gallop, R., Crits-Christoph, P., Frank, A., Thase, M.E., Weiss, R.D., & Gibbons, M.B.C. (2006). The role of therapist adherence, therapist competence, and alliance in predicting outcome of individual drug counseling: Results from the National Institute Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study. Psychotherapy Research, 16, 229–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brähler, E., Hinz, E., & Scheer, J.W. (2008). GBB-24. Der Gießener Beschwerdebogen. Manual (3., überarbeitete und neu normierte Auflage) [Gießen body complaint list. Manual (3rd revised and standardized version)]. Bern: Hans Huber.
   Google Scholar
• Brodaty, H., Green, A., & Koschera, A. (2003). Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions for caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 657–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgio, L., Lichstein, K.L., Nichols, L., Czaja, S., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Bourgeois, M., … Schulz, R. (2001). Judging outcomes in psychosocial interventions for dementia caregivers: The problem of treatment implementation. Gerontologist, 41, 481–489.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castonguay, L.G., Goldfried, M.R., Wiser, S., Raue, P.J., & Hayes, A.M. (1996). Predicting the effect of cognitive therapy for depression: A study of unique and common factors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 497–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, M.K. (1986). The epidemiology of self-perceived fatigue among adults. Prevention Medicine, 15, 74–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, K., Scott, J., Schmidt, U., Tata, P., Thornton, S., & Tyrer, P. (2004). Therapist competence and clinical outcome in the prevention of parasuicide by manual assisted cognitive behaviour therapy trial: The POPMACT study. Psychological Medicine, 34, 855–863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRubeis, R.J., & Feeley, M. (1990). Determinants of change in cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14, 469–482.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feeley, M., DeRubeis, R.J., & Gelfand, J. (1999). The temporal relation of adherence and alliance to symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 578–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher-Thompson, D., & Coon, D.W. (2007). Evidence-based psychological treatments for distress in family caregivers of older adults. Psychology and Aging, 22, 37–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginzburg, D.M., Bohn, C., Hofling, V., Weck, F., Clark, D.M., & Stangier, U. (2012). Treatment specific competence predicts outcome in cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 50, 747–752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godfrey, E., Chalder, T., Ridsdale, L., Seed, P., & Ogden, J. (2007). Investigating the active ingredients of cognitive behaviour therapy and counselling for patients with chronic fatigue in primary care: Developing a new process measure to assess treatment fidelity and predict outcome. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46, 253–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautzinger, M., & Bailer, M. (1993). Allgemeine Depressions Skala [German version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale]. Göttingen: Beltz.
   Google Scholar
• Hoffart, A., Sexton, H., Nordahl, H.M., & Stiles, T.C. (2005). Connection between patient and therapist and therapist's competence in schema-focused therapy of personality problems. Psychotherapy Research, 15, 409–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogue, A., Henderson, C.E., Dauber, S., Barajas, P.C., Fried, A., & Liddle, H.A. (2008). Treatment adherence, competence, and outcome in individual and family therapy for adolescent behaviour problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 544–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath, A.O., Del Re, A.C., Fluckiger, C., & Symonds, D. (2011). Alliance in individual psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 48, 9–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, J.D., Barlow, D.H., Gorman, J.M., Shear, M.K., & Woods, S.W. (2006). The interaction of motivation and therapist adherence predicts outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: Preliminary findings. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 198–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huppert, J.D., Bufka, L.F., Barlow, D.H., Gorman, J.M., Shear, M.K., & Woods, S.W. (2001). Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69, 747–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurn, J., Kneebone, I., & Cropley, M. (2006). Goal setting as an outcome measure: A systematic review. Clinical Rehabilitation, 20, 756–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imel, Z.E., Baer, J.S., Martino, S., Ball, S.A., & Carroll, K.M. (2011). Mutual influence in therapist competence and adherence to motivational enhancement therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115, 229–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joling, K.J., van Hout, H.P., Schellevis, F.G., van der Horst, H.E., Scheltens, P., Knol, D.L., & van Marwijk, H.W. (2010). Incidence of depression and anxiety in the spouses of patients with dementia: A naturalistic cohort study of recorded morbidity with a 6-year follow-up. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, E.E., & Pulos, S.M. (1993). Comparing the process in psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 306–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, A.C., Baumann, K., O’Sullivan, P., Wilcox, S., & Castro, C. (2002). Effects of moderate-intensity exercise on physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses to family caregiving: A randomized controlled trial. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 57, 26–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiresuk, T., & Sherman, R. (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method of evaluating comprehensive mental health programmes. Community Mental Health Journal, 4, 443–453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuyken, W., & Tsivrikos, D. (2009). Therapist competence, comorbidity and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 42–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liber, J.M., McLeod, B.D., Van Widenfelt, B.M., Goedhart, A.W., van der Leeden, A.J., Utens, E.M., & Treffers, P.D. (2010). Examining the relation between the therapeutic alliance, treatment adherence, and outcome of cognitive behavioral therapy for children with anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy, 41, 172–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Paton, J., & Lyketsos, C.G. (2005). Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1996–2021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb, K.L., Wilson, G.T., Labouvie, E., Pratt, E.M., Hayaki, J., Walsh, B.T., … Fairburn, C.G. (2005). Therapeutic alliance and treatment adherence in two interventions for bulimia nervosa: A study of process and outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 1097–1107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losada, A., & Marquez-Gonzalez, M. (2011). Cognitive behavioural therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for dementia caregivers. PSIGE Newsletter, 117, 9–18.
   Google Scholar
• Losada, A., Marquez-Gonzalez, M., Knight, B.G., Yanguas, J., Sayegh, P., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2010). Psychosocial factors and caregivers’ distress: Effects of familism and dysfunctional thoughts. Aging & Mental Health, 14, 193–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losada, A., Marquez-Gonzalez, M., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2011). Mechanisms of action of a psychological intervention for dementia caregivers: Effects of behavioral activation and modification of dysfunctional thoughts. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(11), 1119–1127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marquez-Gonzalez, M., Losada, A., Izal, M., Perez-Rojo, G., & Montorio, I. (2007). Modification of dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving in dementia family caregivers: Description and outcomes of an intervention programme. Aging & Mental Health, 11, 616–625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, H., Hale, L. & Friedberg F. (2010). Prevalence and predictors of fatigue in middle-aged and older adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 58, 2033–2034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montorio, I., Losada, A., Izal, M., & Marquez, M. (2009). Dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving questionnaire: Psychometric properties of a new measure. International Psychogeriatrics, 21, 913–921.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyes, B.B., Hill, R.D., Hicken, B.L., Luptak, M., Rupper, R., Dailey, N.K., & Bair, B.D. (2010). The role of grief in dementia caregiving. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 25, 9–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paton, J., Johnston, K., Katona, C., & Livingston, G. (2004). What causes problems in Alzheimer's disease: Attributions by caregivers. A qualitative study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19, 527–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peacock, S.C. (2012). The experience of providing end-of-life care to a relative with advanced dementia: An integrative literature review. Palliative & Supportive Care, 11(2), 155–168.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perepletchikova, F. (2011). On the topic of treatment integrity. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 18, 148–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perren, S., Schmid, R., & Wettstein, A. (2006). Caregivers’ adaptation to change: The impact of increasing impairment of persons suffering from dementia on their caregivers’ subjective well-being. Aging & Mental Health, 10, 539–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2003). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18, 250–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2006). Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61, 33–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisberg, B., Ferris, S.H., de Leon, M.J., & Crook, T. (1982). The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136–1139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Sanchez, E., Patino-Alonso, M.C., Mora-Simon, S., Gomez-Marcos, M.A., Perez-Penaranda, A., Losada-Baltar, A., & Garcia-Ortiz, L. (2012). Effects of a psychological intervention in a primary health care center for caregivers of dependent relatives: A randomized trial. Gerontologist, 53(3), 397–406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinköthe, D. & Wilz, G. (2014). The assessment of therapists adherence and competence in a cognitive behavioral telephone intervention with dementia caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist, 37(3), 211–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlosser, R.W. (2004). Goal attainment scaling as a clinical measurement technique in communication disorders: A critical review. Journal of Communication Disorders, 37, 217–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenmakers, B., Buntinx, F., & DeLepeleire, J. (2010). Supporting the dementia family caregiver: The effect of home care intervention on general well-being. Aging and Mental Health, 14, 44–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz, R., & Martire, L.M. (2004). Family caregiving of persons with dementia – prevalence, health effects, and support strategies. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 240–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selwood, A., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Lyketsos, C., & Livingston, G. (2007). Systematic review of the effect of psychological interventions on family caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 101, 75–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, B.F., Elkin, I., Yamaguchi, J., Olmsted, M., Vallis, T.M., Dobson, K.S., … Imber, S.D. (1999). Therapist competence ratings in relation to clinical outcome in cognitive therapy of depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 837–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strunk, D.R., Brotman, M.A., DeRubeis, R.J., & Hollon, S.D. (2010). Therapist competence in cognitive therapy for depression: Predicting subsequent symptom change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 429–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuifbergen, A.K., Becker, H., Timmerman, G.M., & Kullberg, V. (2003). The use of individualized goal setting to facilitate behavior change in women with multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 35, 94–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas, P., Lalloue, F., Preux, P.M., Hazif-Thomas, C., Pariel, S., Inscale, R., … Clement, J.P. (2006). Dementia patients caregivers quality of life: The PIXEL study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 50–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trepka, C., Rees, A., Shapiro, D.A., Hardy, G.E., & Barkham, M. (2004). Therapist competence and outcome of cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 143–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitaliano, P.P., Young, H.M., & Zhang, J. (2004). Is caregiving a risk factor for illness? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13, 13–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Consbruch, K., Clark, D., & Stangier, U. (2011). Assessing therapeutic competence in cognitive therapy for social phobia: Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale for Social Phobia (CTCS-SP). Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 40, 149–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, C.A., DeRubeis, R.J., & Barber, J.P. (2010). Therapist adherence/competence and treatment outcome: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 200–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb, C.A., DeRubeis, R.J., Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S.D., Amsterdam, J.D., & Shelton, R.C. (2012). Predictors of patient cognitive therapy skills and symptom change in two randomized clinical trials: The role of therapist adherence and the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 373–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weck, F., Bohn, C., Ginzburg, D.M. & Stangier, U. (2011). Assessment of adherence and competence in cognitive therapy: Comparing session segments with entire session. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 658–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weck, F., Hautzinger, M., Heidenreich, T., & Stangier, U. (2010). Assessing psychotherapeutic competencies: Validation of a German version of the Cognitive Therapy Scale. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 39, 244–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weck, F., Weigel, M., Hautzinger, M., Barocka, A., Schlosser, R.G., & Stangier, U. (2012). Relapses in recurrent depression 1 year after psychoeducational treatment: The role of therapist adherence and competence, and the therapeutic alliance. Psychiatry Research, 195, 51–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyerer, S., Geiger-Kabisch, C., Denzinger, R., & Pfeifer-Kurda, M. (1992). Die deutsche Version der CES-D Skala. Ein geeignetes Instrument zur Erfassung von Depressionen bei alteren Menschen? [The German version of the CES-D Scale: A suitable instrument for assessing depression in older adults?]. Diagnostica, 38, 354–365.
   Google Scholar
• Wilz, G., Schinköthe, D., & Soellner, R. (2011). Goal attainment and treatment compliance in a cognitive-behavioral telephone intervention for family caregivers of persons with dementia. The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 115–125.
   Google Scholar
• Young, J.E., & Beck, A.T. (1988). Cognitive Therapy Scale. Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Zank, S., Schacke, C., & Leipold, B. (2006). Berliner Inventar zur Angehörigenbelastung – Demenz (BIZA-D) [Berlin Inventory for Caregiver Burden – Dementia (BIZA-D]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 35, 296–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar