Resilience, stressful life events, and depressive symptomatology among older Chinese adults

References

• Aldwin, C.M. (1990). The elders life stress inventory (ELSI): Egocentric and nonegocentric stress. In M.A.P. Stephens, S.E. Hobfoll, J.H. Crowther, & D.L. Tennenbaum (Eds.), Stress and coping in late life families (pp. 49–69). New York, NY: Hemisphere.
   Google Scholar
• Arce, E., Simmons, A.N., Stein, M.B., Winkielman, P., Hitchcock, C., & Paulus, M.P. (2009). Associations between individual differences in self-reported emotional resilience and the affective perception of neutral faces. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1–3), 286–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beekman, A.T., Copeland, J.R., & Prince, M.J. (1999). Review of community prevalence of depression in later life. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 174(4), 307–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beekman, A.T.F., Kriegman, D.M.W., Deeg, D.J.H., & van Tilburg, W. (1995). The association of physical health and depressive symptoms in the older population: Age and sex differences. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 30(1), 32–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanno, G.A., Wortman, C.B., Lehman, D.R., Tweed, R.G., Haring, M., Sonnega, J., … Nesse, R.M. (2002). Resilience to loss and chronic grief: A prospective study from preloss to 18-months postloss. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(5), 1150–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce, M.L. (2002). Psychosocial risk factors for depressive disorders in late life. Biological Psychiatry, 52(3), 175–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caltabiano, M.L., & Caltabiano, N.J. (2006). Resilience and health outcomes in the elderly. In Proceedings of the 39^th Annual Conference of the Australian Association of Gerontology. Sydney.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, D., Kwok, A., Leung, J., Yuen, K., Choy, D., & Leung, P.C. (2012). Association between life evnets and change in depressive symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese elderly. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 963–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, K.L., & Chi, I. (2000). Stressful events and depressive symptoms among old women and men: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 51(4), 275–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, K.L., & Chi, I. (2001). Stressful life events and depressive symptoms: Social support and sense of control as mediators or moderators? International Journal of Ageing and Human Development, 52(2), 155–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow, E.O.W., & Ho, H.C.Y. (2012). The relationship between psychological resources, social resources, and depression: Results from older spousal caregivers in Hong Kong. Aging and Mental Health, 16(8), 1016–1027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colenda, C.C., & Smith, S.L. (1993). Multivariate modeling of anxiety and depression in community-dwelling elderly persons. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 1(4), 327–338.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connor, K.M., & Davidson, J.R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depression & Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Beurs, E., Beekman, A., Geerlings, S., Deeg, D., van Dyck, R., & van Tilburg, W. (2001). On becoming depressed or anxious in late life: Similar vulnerability factors but different effects of stressful life events. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 179(5), 426–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Paula Couto, M., Koller, S.H., & Novo, R. (2011). Stressful life events and psychological well-being in a Brazilian sample of older persons: The role of resilience. Ageing International, 36(4), 492–505.
   Google Scholar
• Ensel, W.M. (1991). “Important” life events and depression among older adults: The role of psychological and social resources. Journal of Aging and Health, 3(4), 546–566.
   Google Scholar
• Feng, L., Yap, K.B., Kua, E.H., & Ng, T.P. (2009). Depressive symptoms, physician visits and hospitalization among community-dwelling older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(3), 568–575.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiske, A., Gatz, M., & Pedersen, N.L. (2003). Depressive symptoms and aging: The effects of illness and non-health-related events. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 58B(6), 320–328.
   Google Scholar
• Glass, T.A., Kasl, S.V., & Berkman, L.F. (1997). Stressful life events and depressive symptoms among the elderly: Evidence from a prospective community study. Journal of Aging & Health, 9(1), 70–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, S.E., Concato, J., & Gill, T.M. (2002). Stressful life events among community-living older persons. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 17(11), 841–847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy S.E., Concato, J., & Gill, T.M. (2004). Resilience of community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 257–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschman, C. (1988). Chinese identities in Southeast Asia: Alternative perspectives. In J. Cushman & G.W. Wang (Eds.), Changing identities of the Southeast Asian Chinese since world war II (pp. 23–31). Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jeon, H.S., & Dunkle, R.E. (2009). Stress and depression among the oldest-old: A longitudinal analysis. Research on Aging, 31(6), 661–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahana, B., & Kahana, E. (1998). Toward a temporal-spatial model of cumulative life stress: Placing late life stress effects in life course perspective. In J. Lomranz (Ed.), Handbook of aging and mental health: An integrative approach (pp. 153–178). New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R.C. (1997). The effects of stressful events on depression. Annual Review of Psychology, 48(1), 191–214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R.C., Foster, C., Webster, P.S., & House, J.S. (1992). The relationship between age and depressive symptoms in two national surveys. Psychology and Aging, 7(1), 119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamond A.J., Depp, C., Allison, M., Langer, R., Reichstadt, J., Moore, D.J.,…, Jeste, D.V. (2008). Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(2), 148–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, L.L., Chang, W., Yu, X., Chiu, H., Chong, M.Y., & Kua, E.H. (2011). Depression in Chinese elderly populations. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 3(2), 46–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, M.L., Collinson, S.L., Feng, L., & Ng, T.P. (2010). Cross-cultural application of the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS): Performances of elderly Chinese Singaporeans. Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(5), 811–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou, V.W.Q., & Ng, J.W. (2012). Chinese older adults’ resilience to the loneliness of living along: A qualitative study. Aging & Mental Health, 16(8), 1039–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, S.J., Connell, C.M., Heeringa, S.G., Li, L.W., & Roberts, J.S. (2010). Successful aging in the United States: Prevalence estimates from a national sample of older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 65B(2), 216–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael, Y.L., Carlson, N.E., Chlebowski, R.T., Aickin, M., Weihs, K.L., Ockene, J.K., … Ritenbaugh, C. (2009). Influence of stressors on breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Initiative. Health Psychology, 28(2), 137–146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C.E. (1992). Age and depression. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 33(3), 187–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, P.L., Raphael, B., & Robinson, R.G. (1992). Clinical depression is associated with impaired recovery from stroke. Medical Journal of Australia, 157, 239–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niti, M., Ng, T.P., Kua, E.H., Ho, R.C.M., & Tan, C.H. (2007). Depression and chronic medical illness in Asian older adults: The role of subjective health and functional status. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(11), 1087–1094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris, F.H., & Murrell, S.A. (1987). Transitory impact of life-event stress on psychological symptoms in older adults. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 28(2), 197–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nygren, B., Alex, L., Jonsen, E., Gustafson, Y., Norberg, A., & Lundman, B. (2005). Resilience, sense of coherence, purpose in life and self-transcendence in relation to perceived physical and mental health among the oldest old. Aging & Mental Health, 9(4), 354–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyunt, M.S.Z., Fones, C., Niti, M., & Ng, T.P. (2009). Criterion-based validity and reliability of the geriatric depression screening scale (GDS-15) in a large validation sample of community-living Asian older adults. Aging and Mental Health, 13(3), 376–382.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyunt, M.S.Z., Lim, M.L., Yap, K.B., & Ng, T.P. (2012). Changes in depressive symptoms and functional disability among community-dwelling depressive older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 24(10), 1633–1641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roosa, M.W. (2000). Some thoughts about resilience versus positive development, main effects versus interactions, and the value of resilience. Child Development, 71(3), 567–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruberman, W., Weinblatt, E., Goldberg, J.D., & Chaudhary, B.S. (1984). Psychosocial influences on mortality after myocardial infarction. The New England Journal of Medicine, 311(9), 552–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schure, M.B., Odden, M., & Odden, R.T. (2013). The association of resilience with mental and physical health among older American Indians: The native elder care study. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 20(2), 27–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tennant, C. (2002). Life events, stress and depression: A review of recent findings. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(2), 173–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ungar, M. (2010). Cultural dimensions of resilience among adults. In J.W. Reich, A.J. Zautra, & J.S. Hall (Eds.), Handbook of adult resilience (pp. 404–423). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Unützer, J., Patrick, D.L., Simon, G., Grembowski, D., Walker, E., Rutter, C., & Katon, W. (1997). Depressive symptoms and the cost of health services in HMO patients aged 65 years and older: A 4-year prospective study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 277(20), 1618–1623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagnild, G. (2003). Resilience and successful ageing: Comparison among low and high income older adults. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 29(12), 42–49.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagnild, G.M., & Young, H.M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1(2), 165–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wells, M. (2010). Resilience in older adults living in rural, suburban, and urban areas. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, 10(2), 45–54.
   Google Scholar
• Windle, G. (2011). What is resilience? A systematic review and concept analysis. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 21(2), 152–169.
   Google Scholar
• Yaffe, K., Blackwell, T., Gore, R., Sands, L., Reus, V., & Browner, W.S. (1999). Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in nondemented elderly women. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(5), 425–430.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesavage, J.A., Brink, T.L., Rose, T.L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V.O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, X.N., & Zhang, J.X. (2007). Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people. Social Behavior and Personality, 35(1), 19–30.
   Google Scholar
• Zautra, A.J., Davis, M.C., Reich, J.W., Sturgeon, J.A., Arewasikporn, A., & Tennen, H. (2012). Phone-based interventions with automated mindfulness and mastery messages improve the daily functioning for depressed middle-aged community residents. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 22(3), 206–228.
   Google Scholar
• Zeng, Y., & Shen, K. (2010). Resilience significantly contributes to exceptional longevity. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 525693. doi:10.1155/2010/525693
   PubMedGoogle Scholar