Is loneliness in later life a self-fulfilling prophecy?

References

• Blane, D., Kelly-Irving, M., d'Errico, A., Bartley, M., & Montgomery, S. (2013). Social-biological transitions: How does the social become biological? Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 4, 136–146.
   Google Scholar
• Boduroglu, A., Yoon, C., Luo, T., & Park, D.C. (2006). Age-related stereotypes: A comparison of American and Chinese culture. Gerontology, 52, 324–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? BMJ, 331, 1548–1551.
   Google Scholar
• Carr, A.J., Gibson, B., & Robinson, P.G. (2001). Is quality of life determined by expectations or experience? BMJ, 322, 1240–1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattan, M., White, M., Bond, J., & Learmouth, A. (2005). Preventing social isolation and loneliness among older people: A systematic review of health promotion interventions. Ageing and Society, 25, 41–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chou, K.L. (2008). Combined effect of vision and hearing impairment on depression in older adults: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106, 191–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg, L., Andersson, L., McKee, K.J., & Lennartsson, C. (2015). Predictors of loneliness among older women and men in Sweden: A national longitudinal study. Aging and Mental Health, 19, 409–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong Gierveld, J.. (1998). A review of loneliness: Concept and definitions, determinants and consequences. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 73–80.
   Google Scholar
• De Jong Gierveld, J., Van Tilburg, T., & Dykstra, P.A. (2006). Loneliness and social isolation. In A. Vangelisti & D. Perlman (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 485–500). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Doshi, J.A., Cen, L., & Polsky, D. (2008). Mental health and life span: Depression and retirement in late middle-aged U.S.workers. Health Research and Educational Trust, 42, 693–713.
   Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P.A. (2009). Older adult loneliness: myths and realities. European Journal of Ageing, 6, 91–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, J., & Richardson, V.E. (2014). The relationships among perceived discrimination, self-perceptions of aging, and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal examination of age discrimination. Aging and Mental Health. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.962007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, G. (2001). Social psychology: Social theories of prejudice. In G. Hill (Ed.), A level psychology through diagrams (pp. 29–30). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hippisley-Cox, J., Coupland, C., Vinogradova, Y., Robson, J., May, M., & Brindle, P. (2007). Derivation and validation of QRISK: A new cardiovascular disease risk score for the United Kingdom: prospective open cohort study. BMJ, 335, 136–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, M.E., Waite, L.J., Hawkley, L.C., & Cacioppo, J.T. (2004). A short scale for measuring loneliness in large surveys: Results from two population-based studies. Research on Aging, 26, 655–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummert, M.L., Garstka, T.A., Shaner, J.L., & Strahm, S. (1994). Stereotypes of the elderly held by young, middle-aged, and elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Science, 49, 240–249.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kite, M.E., Stockdale, G.D., Whitley, B.E., & Johnson, B.T. (2005). Attitudes towards younger and older adults: An updated meta-analytic review. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 241–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohout, F.J., Berkman, L.F., Evans, D.A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D Depression Symptoms Index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5, 179–193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koropeckyj-Cox, T. (1998). Loneliness and Depression in Middle and Old Age: Are the Childless More Vulnerable? Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 53B, S303–S312.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, B.R. (2003). Mind matters: cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. Journal of Gerontology, 58B, 203–211.
   Google Scholar
• Macia, E., & Lahman, A. (2009). Perception of age stereotypes and self-perception of aging: A comparison of French and Moroccan population. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 24, 391–410.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Brien, L., & Hummert, M.L. (2006). Age self-stereotyping, stereotype threat, and memory performance in middle-aged adults. Social Cognition, 24, 338–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ory, M., Hoffman, K.M., Hawkins, M., Sanner, B., & Mockenhaupt, R. (2003). Challenging aging stereotypes: Strategies for creating a more active society. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 164–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peplau, L.A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In L.A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy (pp. 1–18). New York, NY: A Willey-Interscience Publication.
   Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23, 245–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385–401.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, N.E., Lang, I.A., Henley, W., & Melzer, D. (2011). Common health predictors of early retirement: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Age and Ageing, 40, 54–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel, D.W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66, 20–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe, A., Breeze, E., Banks, J., & Nazroo, J. (2012). Cohort profile: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. International Journal of Epidemiology. doi:10.1093/ije/dys168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, all-cause mortality in older men and women. PNAS, 110, 5797–5801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundström, G., Fransson, E., Malmberg, B., & Davey, A. (2009). Loneliness among older Europeans. European Journal of Ageing, 6, 267–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor, P., Morin, R., Parker, K., Cohn, D., & Wang, W. (2009). Growing Old in America: Expectation vs Reality. Chicago, IL: Pew Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Tuckman, J., & Lorge, I. (1953). Attitudes toward old people. Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 249–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Baarsen, B., Snijders, T.A.B., Smit, J.H., & Van Duijin, M.A.J. (2001). Lonely but not alone: Emotional isolation and social isolation as two distinct dimension of loneliness in older people. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 119–135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor, C., Scambler, S., Bond, J., & Bowling, A. (2000). Being alone in later life: Loneliness, social isolation and living alone. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 10, 407–417.
   Google Scholar
• Victor, C., Scambler, S.J., Bowling, A., & Bond, J. (2005). The prevalence of, and risk factors for, loneliness in later life: A survey of older people in Great Britain. Ageing and Society, 25, 357–375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar