2,223
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

‘Old and ill’: death anxiety and coping strategies influencing health professionals' well-being and dementia care

, , &
Pages 634-641 | Received 18 Sep 2015, Accepted 03 Jan 2016, Published online: 22 Feb 2016

References

  • Allen, A.B., & Leary, M.R. (2010). Self‐compassion, stress, and coping. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 107–118. doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00246.x
  • Alzheimer's Australia. (2003). Quality dementia care – Position paper 2. Retrieved from: https://fightdementia.org.au/sites/default/files/20030200_Nat_NP_2QualDemCare.pdf
  • Alzheimer's Australia. (2007). Quality dementia care standards. Retrieved from http://www.fightingdementia.org.au/common/files/NAT/20070200_Nat_QDC_QDC2QualDemCareStandards.pdf
  • Bassal, C., Czellar, J., Kaiser, S., & Dan-Glauser, E.S. (2015). Relationship between emotions, emotion regulation, and well-being of professional caregivers of people with dementia. Research on Aging.
  • Becker, E. (1973). The denial of death. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Behuniak, S.M. (2011). The living dead? The construction of people with Alzheimer's disease as zombies. Aging and Society, 31, 70–92. doi:10.1017/S0144686X10000693
  • Bergman, Y.S., & Bodner, E. (2015). Ageist attitudes block young adults' ability for compassion toward incapacitated older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 27, 1541–1550.
  • Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Hermesh, H., Ben-Ezra, M., & Iancu, I. (2015). Psychiatrists’ fear of death is associated with negative emotions toward borderline personality disorder patients. Psychiatry Research, 228, 963–965.
  • Bodner, E., Shrira, A., Bergman, Y.S., Cohen-Fridel, S., & Grossman, E.S. (2015). The interaction between aging and death anxieties predicts ageism. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 15–19.
  • Borbasi, S., Jones, J., Lockwood, C., & Emden, C. (2006). Health professionals' perspectives of providing care to people with dementia in the acute setting: Toward better practice. Geriatric Nursing, 27, 300–308.
  • Brooker, D.J., Woolley, R.J., & Lee, D. (2007). Enriching opportunities for people living with dementia in nursing homes: An evaluation of a multi-level activity-based model of care. Aging and Mental Health, 11, 361–370. doi:10.1080/13607860600963679
  • Burgener, S.C., & Dickerson-Putman, J. (1999). Assessing patients in the early stages of irreversible dementia. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 25, 33–41. doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19990201-07
  • Carmel, S., & Mutran, E. (1997). Wishes regarding the use of life-sustaining treatments among elderly persons in Israel: An explanatory model. Social Science & Medicine, 45, 1715–1727.
  • Carver, C.S., Scheier, M.F., & Weintraub, J.K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 267–283. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.2.267
  • Chenoweth, L., Jeon, Y.H., Merlyn, T., & Brodaty, H. (2010). A systematic review of what factors attract and retain nurses in aged and dementia care. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 156–167.
  • Chenoweth, L., King, M.T., Jeon, Y.H., Brodaty, H., Stein-Parbury, J., Norman, R., … Luscombe, G. (2009). Caring for Aged Dementia Care Resident Study (CADRES) of person-centred care, dementia-care mapping, and usual care in dementia: A cluster-randomised trial. The Lancet Neurology, 8, 317–325.
  • Coles, T., Byles, J., Dow, B., & Tavener, M. (2013). Advances in gerontology research and education: Perspectives from the Australian Association of Gerontology. Australasian Journal on Aging, 32, 40–45. doi:10.111/ajag.12095
  • Davis, D.H. (2004). Dementia: Sociological and philosophical constructions. Social Science & Medicine, 58, 369–378.
  • Department of Health (2001). National service framework for older people. London: Author. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/198033/National_Service_Framework_for_Older_People.pdf
  • Doolittle, B.R. (2007). Burnout and coping among parish-based clergy. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 10, 31–38. doi:10.1080/13674670600857591
  • Duxbury, J., Pulsford, D., Hadi, M., & Sykes, S. (2013). Staff and relatives' perspectives on the aggressive behaviour of older people with dementia in residential care: a qualitative study. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 20, 792–800.
  • Edvardsson, D., Winblad, B., & Sandman, P.O. (2008). Person-centred care of people with severe Alzheimer's disease: Current status and ways forward. The Lancet Neurology, 7, 362–367. doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70063-2
  • Feifel, H. (1956). Older persons look at death. Geriatrics, 11, 127–130.
  • Feifel, H. (1965). Death and dying: Attitudes of patient and doctor. V. The function of attitudes toward death. Report (Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry), 5, 633.
  • Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E.T., Pieterse, M.E., & Schreurs, K.M.G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 42, 485–495. doi:10.1017/s0033291711001206
  • Fortner, B.V., & Neimeyer, R.A. (1999). DA in older adults: A quantitative review. Death Studies, 23, 387–411. doi:10.1080/074811899200920
  • Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (1986). The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. R.F. Baumeister (Ed.), Public self and private self (pp. 189–212). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., Simon, L., & Breus, M. (1994). Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 627–637. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.4.627
  • Greenberg, J., Simon, L., Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Chatel, D. (1992). Terror management and tolerance: Does mortality salience always intensify negative reactions to others who threaten one's worldview? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 212–220. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.2.212
  • Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B.S., Fisher, G., … Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821–835.
  • Hayes, S.C., Luoma, J.B., Bond, F.W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1–25. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.006
  • Hayes, S.C., Wilson, K.G., Gifford, E.V., Follette, V.M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152–1168. doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.6.1152
  • Hirschberger, G., Florian, V., & Mikulincer, M. (2005). Fear and compassion: A terror management analysis of emotional reactions to physical disability. Rehabilitation Psychology, 50, 246.
  • Hochschild, A.R. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialisation of human feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Karekla, M., & Panayiotou, G. (2011). Coping and experiential avoidance: Unique or overlapping constructs? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42, 163–170. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.10.002
  • Keidel, G.C. (2002). Burnout and compassion fatigue among hospice caregivers. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 19, 200–205.
  • Kitwood, T. (1993). Towards the reconstruction of an organic mental disorder. In A. Radley (Ed.), Words of disorder. London: Routledge.
  • Kitwood, T. (1995). Positive long-term changes in dementia: Some preliminary observations. Journal of Mental Health, 4, 133–144. doi:10.1080/09638239550037677
  • Krakowski, A.J. (1971). Doctor–doctor relationship. Psychosomatics, 12, 11–15.
  • Lasher, K.P., & Faulkender, P.J. (1993). Measurement of aging anxiety: Development of the Anxiety about Aging Scale. The International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 37, 247–259.
  • Lazarus, R.S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
  • Lee, K., Volans, P.J., & Gregory, N. (2003). Trainee clinical psychologists' views on recruitment to work with older people. Aging and Society, 23, 83–97. doi:10.1017/S0144686X02001009
  • Lyman, K.A. (1989). Bringing the social back in: A critique of the bio-medicalisation of dementia. The Gerontologist, 29, 597–604. doi:10.1093/geront/29.5.597
  • Martens, A., Goldenberg, J.L., & Greenberg, J. (2005). A terror management perspective on ageism. Journal of Social Issues, 61, 223–239. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00403.x
  • Martens, A., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., & Landau, M.J. (2004). Ageism and death: Effects of mortality salience and perceived similarity to elders on reactions to elderly people. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1524–1536. doi:10.1177/0146167204271185
  • McBee, L. (2003). Mindfulness practice with the frail elderly and their caregivers: Changing the practitioner–patient relationship. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 19, 257–264. doi:10.1097/00013614-200310000-00006
  • McCormack, B., & McCance, T.V. (2006). Development of a framework for person‐centred nursing. Journal of advanced Nursing, 56, 472–479.
  • Mitchell, G., & Hastings, R.P. (2001). Coping, burnout, and emotion in staff working in community services for people with challenging behaviors. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 106, 448. doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2001)1062.0.co;2
  • Nelson, T.D. (2011). Ageism: The strange case of prejudice against the older you. In R.L. Wiener & S.L. Willborn (Eds.), Disability and aging discrimination (pp. 37–47). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Neimeyer, R.A., & Moore, M.K. (1994). Validity and reliability of the multidimensional fear of death scale. In R.A. Neimeyer (Ed.), DA handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application (pp. 103–119). Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
  • Niemiec, C.P., Brown, K.W., Kashdan, T.B., Cozzolino, P.J., Breen, W.E., Levesque-Bristol, C., & Ryan, R.M. (2010). Being present in the face of existential threat: The role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99, 344.
  • Niven, N. (1994). HealthPsychology: An introduction for nurses and other health care professionals. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
  • Noone, S.J., & Hastings, R.P. (2009). Building psychological resilience in support staff caring for people with intellectual disabilities: Pilot evaluation of an acceptance-based intervention. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 13, 43–53.
  • Noone, S.J., & Hastings, R.P. (2011). Values and psychological acceptance as correlates of burnout in support staff working with adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 4, 79–89. doi:10.1080/19315864.2011.582230
  • Nosek, B.A., Banaji, M., & Greenwald, A.G. (2002). Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration web site. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6, 101.
  • O'Connor, M.L., & McFadden, S.H. (2012). A terror management perspective on young adults' ageism and attitudes toward dementia. Educational Gerontology, 38, 627–643. doi:10.1080/03601277.2011.595335
  • Peck, M.R. (2009). Personal DA and communication about advance directives among oncology social workers. Journal of Social Work in End-of-Life & Palliative Care, 5, 49–60. doi:10.1080/15524250903173892
  • Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Solomon, S. (1999). A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory. Psychological Review, 106, 835–845. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.835
  • Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Arndt, J., & Schimel, J. (2004). Why do people need self-esteem? A theoretical and empirical review. Psychological bulletin, 130, 435.
  • Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Cather, C., Gat, I., & Sideris, J. (1995). Defensive distancing from victims of serious illness: The role of delay. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 13–20. doi:10.1177/0146167295211003
  • Rokstad, A.M.M., Røsvik, J., Kirkevold, Ø., Selbaek, G., Saltyte Benth, J., & Engedal, K. (2013). The effect of person-centred dementia care to prevent agitation and other neuropsychiatric symptoms and enhance quality of life in nursing home patients: A 10-month randomized controlled trial. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 36, 340–353.
  • Sliter, M.T., Sinclair, R.R., Yuan, Z., & Mohr, C.D. (2014). Don't fear the reaper: Trait DA, mortality salience, and occupational health. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99, 759–769. doi:10.1037/a0035729
  • Sloane, P.D., Hoeffer, B., Mitchell, C.M., McKenzie, D.A., Barrick, A.L., Rader, J., … Koch, G.G. (2004). Effect of person‐centered showering and the towel bath on bathing‐associated aggression, agitation, and discomfort in nursing home residents with dementia: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52, 1795–1804. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52501.x
  • Spira, A.P., Beaudreau, S.A., Jimenez, D., Kierod, K., Cusing, M.M., Gray, H.L., & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2007). Experiential avoidance, acceptance, and depression in dementia family caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist, 30, 55–64. doi:10.1300/j018v30n04_04
  • Stevens, J., & Crouch, M. (1995). Who cares about care in nursing education? International Journal of Nursing Studies, 32, 233–242. doi:10.1016/0020-7489(95)00002-F
  • Werner, P., & Carmel, S. (2001). Life-sustaining treatment decisions: Health care social workers' attitudes and their correlates. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 34, 83–97.
  • World Health Organization (2012). Dementia: A public health priority. Geneva: WHO Press.
  • World Health Organization (2015). Dementia: Fact sheet no. 362 [Online]. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.