1,092
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Assessment and Fear of Falling

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors in older adults: a cross-sectional study in Kathmandu, Nepal

, , ORCID Icon &
Pages 802-807 | Received 06 Nov 2016, Accepted 19 Mar 2017, Published online: 10 Apr 2017

References

  • Acharya, P. (2011). The situation of population ageing and social security for elderly people in Nepal. Health Prospect, 10, 61–63, doi: 10.3126/hprospect.v10i0.5658
  • Argyropoulos, K., Bartsokas, C., Argyropoulou, A., Gourzis, P., & Jelastopulu, E. (2015). Depressive symptoms in late life in urban and semi-urban areas of South-West Greece: An undetected disorder ? Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3), 295–300. doi:10.4103/0019–5545.166617
  • Arumugam, B., Nagalingam, S., Nivetha, R., & Balaji, A. (2013). Geriatric depression among rural and urban slum community in Chennai: A cross sectional study. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 3, 795–801.
  • Barua, A., Ghosh, M.K., Kar, N., & Basilio, M.A. (2011). Prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 31(6), 620–624. doi:10.4103/0256–4947.87100
  • Beck, A.T., Ward, C.H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–571.
  • Bhamani, M.A., Karim, M.S., & Khan, M.M. (2013). Depression in the elderly in Karachi, Pakistan: A cross sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 13, 181. doi:10.1186/1471–244X-13–181
  • Blazer, D.G. (2003). Depression in late life: Review and commentary. Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(3), 249–265. doi:10.1093/gerona/58.3.M249
  • Bryant, C., Jackson, H., & Ames, D. (2008). The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: Methodological issues and a review of the literature. Journal of Affective Disorders, 109(3), 233–250. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.11.008
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Social support and health-related quality of life among older adults–Missouri, 2000. MMWR: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54(17), 433–437.
  • Central Bureau of Statistics. (2012a). Population census 2011. National report. Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.
  • Central Bureau of Statistics. (2012b). National population and housing sensus 2011. National report. Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics.
  • Central Bureau of Statistics. (2014). Population monograph of Nepal, Vol. II. Kathmandu, Central Bureau of Statistics.
  • Chalise, H.N. (2014). Depression among elderly living in Briddashram (old age home). Advances in Aging Research, 3(1), 6–11. doi:10.4236/aar.2014.31002
  • Chalise, H.N., & Rai, S.L. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of depression among Nepalese Rai older adults. Journal of Gerontology & Geriatric Research, 2, 130. doi:10.4172/2167-7182.1000130
  • Chang-Quan, H., Xue-Mei, Z., Bi-Rong, D., Zhen-Chan, L., Ji-Rong, Y., & Qing-Xiu, L. (2010). Health status and risk for depression among the elderly: A meta-analysis of published literature. Age and Ageing, 39(1), 23–30. doi:10.1093/ageing/afp187
  • Chen, R., Wei, L., Hu, Z., Qin, X., Copeland, J.R., & Hemingway, H. (2005). Depression in older people in rural China. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(17), 2019–2025. doi:10.1001/archinte.165.17.2019
  • Chen, Y., Hicks, A., & While, A.E. (2012). Depression and related factors in older people in China: A systematic review. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 22, 52–67.
  • Chong, M.Y., Tsang, H.Y., Chen, C.S., Tang, T.C., Chen, C.C., Yeh, T.L., … Lo, H.Y. (2001). Community study of depression in old age in Taiwan: Prevalence, life events and socio-demographic correlates. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178(1), 29–35. doi:10.1192/bjp.178.1.29
  • D'souza, L., Ranganath, T., & Thangaraj, S. (2015). Prevalence of depression among elderly in an urban slum of Bangalore, a cross sectional study. International Journal of Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies, 2, 1–4.
  • Dhakal, M.R. (2012). Ageing and health in Nepal. Regional Health Forum, 16(1), 12–16.
  • Djernes, J.K. (2006). Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: A review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(5), 372–387. doi:10.1111/j.1600–0447.2006.00770.x
  • Ferrari, A.J., Charlson, F.J., Norman, R.E., Patten, S.B., Freedman, G., Murray, C.J., … Whiteford, H.A. (2013). Burden of depressive disorders by country, sex, age, and year: Findings from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLoS Medicine, 10(11), e1001547. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547
  • Gautam, R., & Houde, S. (2011). Geriatric Depression Scale for community-dwelling older adults in Nepal. Asian Journal of Gerontology & Geriatrics, 6(2), 93–99.
  • Geriatric Centre Nepal. (2010). Status report on elderly people (60+) in Nepal on health, nutrition and social status focusing on research needs report for Government of Nepal Ministry of Health and Population. Retrieved from http://www.globalaging.org/health/world/2010/nepal.pdf
  • Groffen, D.A., Koster, A., Bosma, H., van den Akker, M., Aspelund, T., Siggeirsdottir, K., … Harris, T.B. (2013). Socioeconomic factors from midlife predict mobility limitation and depressed mood three decades later; findings from the AGES-Reykjavik Study. BMC Public Health, 13, 101. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-101
  • Grover, S., & Malhotra, N. (2015). Depression in elderly: A review of Indian research. Journal of Geriatric Mental Health, 2(1), 4–15.
  • Ibrahim, N., Din, N.C., Ahmad, M., Ghazali, S.E., Said, Z., Shahar, S., … Razali, R. (2013). Relationships between social support and depression, and quality of life of the elderly in a rural community in Malaysia. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 5 (Suppl. 1), 59–66. doi:10.1111/appy.12068
  • Imran, A., Azidah, A.K., Asrenee, A.R., & Rosediani, M. (2009). Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among elderly patients in outpatient clinic of Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 64(2), 134–139.
  • Jorm, A.F. (2006). National surveys of mental disorders: Are they researching scientific facts or constructing useful myths ? Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(10), 830–834. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01901.x
  • Khattri, J.B. (2006). Study of depression among geriatric population in Nepal. Nepal Medical College Journal, 8(4), 1–4.
  • Kim, J.I., Choe, M.A., & Chae, Y.R. (2009). Prevalence and predictors of geriatric depression in community-dwelling elderly. Asian Nursing Research, 3(3), 121–129. doi:10.1016/S1976-1317(09)60023-2
  • Krantz, L. (2001). The sustainable livelihood approach to poverty reduction, Stockholm: SIDA, Division for Policy and Socio-Economic Analysis.
  • Langa, K.M., Valenstein, M.A., Fendrick, A.M., Kabeto, M.U., & Vijan, S. (2004). Extent and cost of informal caregiving for older Americans with symptoms of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(5), 857–863. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.5.857
  • Lee, S.-Y.D., Arozullah, A.M., Cho, Y.I., Crittenden, K., & Vicencio, D. (2009). Health literacy, social support, and health status among older adults. Educational Gerontology, 35(3), 191–201. doi:10.1080/03601270802466629
  • Li, J., Theng, Y.L., & Foo, S. (2015). Depression and psychosocial risk factors among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 30(4), 409–422. doi:10.1007/s10823-015-9272-y
  • Majdi, M.R., Ghayour Mobarhan, M., Salek, M., Taghi, M., & Mokhber, N. (2011). Prevalence of depression in an elderly population: A population-based study in Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 5(1), 17–24.
  • Maulik, S., & Dasgupta, A. (2012). Depression and its determinants in the rural elderly of West Bengal—a cross sectional study. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research, 3(1), 1299–1302.
  • Mugisha, J., Abdulmalik, J., Hanlon, C., Petersen, I., Lund, C., Upadhaya, N., … Kigozi, F. (2017). Health systems context(s) for integrating mental health into primary health care in six Emerald countries: A situation analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 11, 7. doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0114-2
  • National Research Council. (2009). The etiology of depression. In M.J. England, L. J. Sim ( Eds.), Depression in parents, parenting, and children: Opportunities to improve identification, treatment, and prevention. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  • Nepal Law Commission. (2006). Senior citizens act, 2063 (2006). Retrieved from http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/en/documents/2015/08/senior-citizens-act-2063-2006.pdf
  • Osborn, D.P., Fletcher, A.E., Smeeth, L., Stirling, S., Nunes, M., Breeze, E., … Tulloch, A., (2002). Geriatric depression scale scores in a representative sample of 14 545 people aged 75 and over in the United Kingdom: Results from the MRC Trial of assessment and management of older people in the community. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(4), 375–382. doi:10.1002/gps.613
  • Pradhan, S. (2014). Depression in elderly. Journal of Psychiatrists' Association of Nepal, 1(1), 13–14.
  • Ranjan, S., Bhattarai, A., & Dutta, M. (2014). Prevalence of depression among elderly people living in old age home in the capital city Kathmandu. Health Renaissance, 11(3), 213–218.
  • Sandhya, G. (2010). Geriatric depression and related factors - a cross sectional study from a rural community in south Kerala. Journal of the Indian Academy of Geriatrics, 6(2), 61–63.
  • Sengupta, P., & Benjamin, A.I. (2015). Prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among the elderly in urban and rural field practice areas of a tertiary care institution in Ludhiana. Indian Journal of Public Health, 59(1), 3–8. doi:10.4103/0019–557X.152845
  • Singh, A., & Misra, N. (2009). Loneliness, depression and sociability in old age. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 51–55. doi:10.4103/0972–6748.57861
  • Sinha, S.P., Shrivastava, S.R., & Ramasamy, J. (2013). Depression in an older adult rural population in India. MEDICC Review, 15(4), 41–44.
  • Stek, M.L., Vinkers, D.J., Gussekloo, J., Beekman, A.T., van der Mast, R.C., & Westendorp, R.G. (2005). Is depression in old age fatal only when people feel lonely? American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1), 178–180. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.178
  • Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(15), 5797–5801. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110
  • Wang, S., Li, B., Ungvari, G.S., Ng, C.H., Chiu, H.F., Kou, C., … Fu, Y. (2016). Poor mental health status and its associations with demographic characteristics and chronic diseases in Chinese elderly. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 51(10), 1449–1455.
  • World Federation for Mental Health. (2012). Depression: A global crisis. World Mental Health Day, October 10 2012. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/wfmh_paper_depression_wmhd_2012.pdf
  • World Health Organization (2008). Integrating mental health into primary care: A global perspective. Geneva: World Health Organization and World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca).
  • World Health Organization. (2015). Fact sheet 404, Ageing and health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs404/en
  • Zivin, K., Llewellyn, D.J., Lang, I.A., Vijan, S., Kabeto, M.U., Miller, E.M., … Langa, K.M. (2010). Depression among older adults in the United States and England. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(11), 1036–1044. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181dba6d2
  • de Craen, A.J., Heeren, T.J., & Gussekloo, J. (2003). Accuracy of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) in a community sample of the oldest old. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(1), 63–66. doi:10.1002/gps.773

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.