Verbal test of practical judgment (VPJ): a new test of judgment that predicts functional skills for older adults

References

• Bell-McGinty, S., Podell, K., Franzen, M., Baird, A.D., & Williams, M.J. (2002). Standard measures of executive function in predicting instrumental activities of daily living in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(9), 828–834. doi:10.1002/gps.646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertrand, R.M., & Willis, S.L. (1999). Everyday problem solving in Alzheimer's patients: A comparison of subjective and objective assessments. Aging and Mental Health, 3(4), 281–293. doi:10.1080/13607869956055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J., Kurichi, J.E., Xie, D., Pan, Q., & Stineman, M.G. (2014). Instrumental activities of daily living staging as a possible clinical tool for falls risk assessment in physical medicine and rehabilitation. PM&R, 6(4), 316–323. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2013.10.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahn-Weiner, D.A., Boyle, P.A., & Malloy, P.F. (2002). Tests of executive function predict instrumental activities of daily living in community-dwelling older individuals. Applied Neuropsychology, 9(3), 187–191. doi:10.1207/S15324826AN0903_8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Capucho, P.H.F.V., & Brucki, S.M.D. (2011). Judgment in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Dementia & Neuropsychologia, 5, 297–302.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castilla-Rilo, J., Lopez-Arrieta, J., Bermejo-Pareja, F., Ruiz, M., Sanchez-Sanchez, F., & Trincado, R. (2007). Instrumental activities of daily living in the screening of dementia in population studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(9), 829–836. doi:10.1002/gps.1747
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D.V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6(4), 284–290. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.6.4.284
   Google Scholar
• Duke, L.M., & Kaszniak, A.W. (2000). Executive control functions in degenerative dementias: A comparative review. Neuropsychology Review, 10(2), 75–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durant, J., Berg, J.L., Banks, S.J., & Miller, J.B. (2017). Comparing the test of practical judgment with the neuropsychological assessment battery judgment subtest in a neurodegenerative disease clinic population. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 1–8. doi:10.1080/23279095.2017.1329147
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feher, E.P., Mahurin, R.K., Inbody, S.B., Crook, T.H., & Pirozzolo, F.J. (1991). Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, Behavioral Neurology, 4, 136–146.
   Google Scholar
• Fogel, J.F., Hyman, R.B., Rock, B., & Wolf-Klein, G. (2000). Predictors of hospital length of stay and nursing home placement in an elderly medical population. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 1(5), 202–210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glass, T.A. (1998). Conjugating the “tenses” of function: Discordance among hypothetical, experimental, and enacted function in older adults. The Gerontologist, 38(1), 101–112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glisky, E.L. (2007). Changes in cognitive function in human aging. In D.R. Riddle (Ed.), Brain aging: Models, methods, mechanisms (pp. 1–15). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Greysen, S.R., Stijacic Cenzer, I., Auerbach, A.D., & Covinsky, K.E. (2015). Functional impairment and hospital readmission in Medicare seniors. JAMA Internal Medicine, 175(4), 559–565. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7756
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigsby, J., Kaye, K., Shetterly, S.M., Baxter, J., Morgenstern, N.E., & Hamman, R.F. (2002). Prevalence of disorders of executive cognitive functioning among the elderly: Findings from the San Luis Valley health and aging study. Neuroepidemiology, 21(5), 213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton, R.K., Chelune, G.J., Talley, J.L., Kay, G.G., & Curtiss, G. (1993). Wisconsin card sorting test manual revised and expanded. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Jefferson, A.L., Paul, R.H., Ozonoff, A., & Cohen, R.A. (2009). Evaluating elements of executive functioning as predictors of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 21(4), 311–320.
   Google Scholar
• Karlawish, J.H.T., Casarett, D.J., James, B.D., Xie, S.X., & Kim, S.Y.H. (2005). The ability of persons with Alzheimer disease (AD) to make a decision about taking an AD treatment. Neurology, 64(9), 1514–1519. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000160000.01742.9D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killen, A., Firbank, M.J., Collerton, D., Clarke, M., Jefferis, J.M., Taylor, J.P., … Mosimann, U.P. (2013). The assessment of cognition in visually impaired older adults. Age and Ageing, 42(1), 98–102. doi:10.1093/ageing/afs157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S.Y., Karlawish, J.H., & Caine, E.D. (2002). Current state of research on decision-making competence of cognitively impaired elderly persons. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(2), 151–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeb, P.A. (1996). Independent living scales (ILS) manual. San Antonio, CA: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• MacDougall, E.E., & Mansbach, W.E. (2013). The judgment test of the neuropsychological assessment battery (NAB): Psychometric considerations in an assisted-living sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 27(5), 827–839. doi:10.1080/13854046.2013.786759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDougall, E.E., Mansbach, W.E., Mace, R.A., & Clark, K.M. (2015). The brief cognitive assessment tool (BCAT): Cross-validation in a community dwelling older adult sample. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(2), 243–250. doi:10.1017/S1041610214001458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbach, W.E., & MacDougall, E.E. (2012). Development and validation of the short form of the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT-SF). Aging & Mental Health, 16(8), 1065–1071. doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.702729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbach, W.E., MacDougall, E.E., Clark, K.M., & Mace, R.A. (2014a). Preliminary investigation of the Kitchen Picture Test (KPT): A new screening test of practical judgment for older adults. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 21(6), 674–692. doi:10.1080/13825585.2013.865698
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbach, W.E., MacDougall, E.E., & Rosenzweig, A.S. (2012). The Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT): A new test emphasizing contextual memory, executive functions, attentional capacity, and the prediction of instrumental activities of daily living. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(2), 183–194. doi:10.1080/13803395.2011.630649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbach, W.E., Mace, R.A., & Clark, K.M. (2014b). Differentiating levels of cognitive functioning: A comparison of the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) and the Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT) in a nursing home sample. Aging & Mental Health, 18(7), 921–928. doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.899971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansbach, W.E., Mace, R.A., & Clark, K.M. (2015). The Brief Anxiety and Depression Scale (BADS): A new instrument for detecting anxiety and depression in long-term care residents. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(4), 673–681. doi:10.1017/S1041610214002397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, G.A., Zoller, A.S., Lorius, N., Amariglio, R.E., Locascio, J.J., Johnson, K.A., … Rentz, D.M. (2015). Functional activities questionnaire items that best discriminate and predict progression from clinically normal to mild cognitive impairment. Current Alzheimer Research, 12(5), 493–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathews, S.B., Arnold, S.E., & Epperson, C.N. (2014). Hospitalization and cognitive decline: Can the nature of the relationship be deciphered ? American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(5), 465–480. doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.08.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayo, A.M., Wallhagen, M., Cooper, B.A., Mehta, K., Ross, L., & Miller, B. (2013). The relationship between functional status and judgment/problem solving among individuals with dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(5), 514–521. doi:10.1002/gps.3854
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northern California Neurobehavioral Group Inc. (1988). Manual for neurobehavioral cognitive status examination. Fairfax, CA: Northern California Neurobehavioral Group Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J., & Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, R.I., Kurosaki, T.T., Harrah, C.H., Jr., Chance, J.M., & Filos, S. (1982). Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. Journal of Gerontology, 37(3), 323–329.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Princotta, D., Melissa, D., & Goldstein, S. (2014). Executive functioning as a mediator of age-related cognitive decline in adults. In S. Goldstein & J.A. Naglieri (Eds.), Handbook of executive functioning (pp. 143–155). New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Rabin, L.A., Borgos, M.J., & Saykin, A.J. (2008). A survey of neuropsychologists' practices and perspectives regarding the assessment of judgment ability. Applied Neuropsychology, 15(4), 264–273. doi:10.1080/09084280802325090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabin, L.A., Borgos, M.J., Saykin, A.J., Wishart, H.A., Crane, P.K., Nutter-Upham, K.E., & Flashman, L.A. (2007). Judgment in older adults: Development and psychometric evaluation of the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J). Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 29(7), 752–767. doi:10.1080/13825580601025908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Royall, D.R., Lauterbach, E.C., Kaufer, D., Malloy, P., Coburn, K.L., Black, K.J., & Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric, A. (2007). The cognitive correlates of functional status: A review from the Committee on Research of the American Neuropsychiatric Association. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 19(3), 249–265. doi:10.1176/jnp.2007.19.3.249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RStudio Team. (2016). RStudio: Integrated development for R. Boston, MA: RStudio, Inc. Retrieved fromhttp://www.rstudio.com/
   Google Scholar
• Sevush, S. (1999). Relationship between denial of memory deficit and dementia severity in Alzheimer disease. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, Behavioral Neurology, 12, 88–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stern, R.A., & White, T. (2003). Neuropsychological assessment battery. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Strauss, E., Sherman, E.M.X., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Teng, E., Becker, B.W., Woo, E., Knopman, D.S., Cummings, J.L., & Lu, P.H. (2010). Utility of the functional activities questionnaire for distinguishing mild cognitive impairment from very mild Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 24(4), 348–353. doi:10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181e2fc84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vittengl, J.R., White, C.N., McGovern, R.J., & Morton, B.J. (2006). Comparative validity of seven scoring systems for the instrumental activities of daily living scale in rural elders. Aging & Mental Health, 10(1), 40–47. doi:10.1080/13607860500307944
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittich, W., Phillips, M., Nasreddine, Z.S., & Chertkow, H. (2010). Sensitivity and specificity of the montreal cognitive assessment modified for individuals who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(6), 360–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods, D.C., Patterson, M.B., & Whitehouse, P.J. (2000). Utility of the judgment questionnaire subtest of the neurobehavioral cognitive status examination in the evaluation of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Clinical Gerontologist, 21(4), 49–66. doi:10.1300/J018v21n04_05
   Google Scholar
• Yantz, C.L., Johnson-Greene, D., Higginson, C., & Emmerson, L. (2010). Functional cooking skills and neuropsychological functioning in patients with stroke: An ecological validity study. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(5), 725–738. doi:10.1080/09602011003765690
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar