Chronic disease profiles of subjective memory complaints: a latent class analysis of older people in a rural Malaysian community

References

• Aarts, S., van den Akker, M., Hajema, K. J., van Ingen, A. M., Metsemakers, J. F. M., Verhey, F. R. J., & van Boxtel, M. P. J. (2011). Multimorbidity and its relation to subjective memory complaints in a large general population of older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(4), 616–624. doi:10.1017/S1041610210002024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abete, P., Della-Morte, D., Gargiulo, G., Basile, C., Langellotto, A., Galizia, G., … Cacciatore, F. (2014). Cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases in the elderly. A heart-brain continuum hypothesis. Ageing Research Reviews, 18, 41–52. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, H., Barger, S., Barnum, S., Bradt, B., Bauer, J., Cole, G. M., … Wyss-Coray, T. (2000). Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 21(3), 383–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allotey, P., Reidpath, D. D., Devarajan, N., Rajagobal, K., Yasin, S., Arunachalam, D., … Jahan, N., … Seaco Team. (2014). Cohorts and community: A case study of community engagement in the establishment of a health and demographic surveillance site in Malaysia. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begum, A., Morgan, C., Chiu, C.-C., Tylee, A., & Stewart, R. (2012). Subjective memory impairment in older adults: Aetiology, salience and help seeking. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(6), 612–620. doi:10.1002/gps.2760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhome, R., Berry, A. J., Huntley, J. D., & Howard, R. J. (2018). Interventions for subjective cognitive decline: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 8(7), e021610. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackburn, D. J., Wakefield, S., Shanks, M. F., Harkness, K., Reuber, M., & Venneri, A. (2014). Memory difficulties are not always a sign of incipient dementia: A review of the possible causes of loss of memory efficiency. British Medical Bulletin, 112(1), 71–81. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldu029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, S. C., Glass, J. M., & Park, D. C. (2002). The relationship of pain and depression to cognitive function in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Pain, 96(3), 279–284. doi:10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00457-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunch, T. J., White, R. D., Smith, G. E., Hodge, D. O., Gersh, B. J., Hammill, S. C., … Packer, D. L. (2004). Long-term subjective memory function in ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors resuscitated by early defibrillation. Resuscitation, 60(2), 189–195. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2003.09.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caracciolo, B., Gatz, M., Xu, W., Marengoni, A., Pedersen, N. L., & Fratiglioni, L. (2013). Relation of multimorbidity to subjective and objective cognitive impairment: A population-based twin study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 36(2), 275–284. doi:10.3233/JAD-122050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comijs, H. C., Deeg, D. J. H., Dik, M. G., Twisk, J. W. R., & Jonker, C. (2002). Memory complaints; the association with psycho-affective and health problems and the role of personality characteristics. A 6-Year Follow-up Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 72(2), 157–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, C., & Hennessy, E. (2015). Co-morbidity and systemic inflammation as drivers of cognitive decline: New experimental models adopting a broader paradigm in dementia research. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 7(1), 33. doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0117-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Carolis, A., Cipollini, V., Corigliano, V., Comparelli, A., Sepe-Monti, M., Orzi, F., … Giubilei, F. (2015). Anosognosia in people with cognitive impairment: Association with cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbances. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 5(1), 42–50. doi:10.1159/000367987
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita, M., Ueki, S., Ito, W., Chiba, T., Takeda, M., Saito, N., … Chihara, J. (2007). C-reactive protein levels in the serum of asthmatic patients. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 99(1), 48–53. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60620-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gellert, P., von Berenberg, P., Zahn, T., Neuwirth, J., Kuhlmey, A., & Dräger, D. (2017). Multimorbidity profiles in German centenarians: A latent class analysis of health insurance data. Journal of Aging and Health. doi:10.1177/0898264317737894
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, N. L., Mogle, J., Wion, R., Munoz, E., DePasquale, N., Yevchak, A. M., & Parisi, J. M. (2016). Subjective cognitive impairment and affective symptoms: A systematic review. The Gerontologist, 56(6), e109–e127. doi:10.1093/geront/gnw091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irani, F., Barbone, J. M., Beausoleil, J., & Gerald, L. (2017). Is asthma associated with cognitive impairments? A meta-analytic review. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 39(10), 965–978. doi:10.1080/13803395.2017.1288802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacinto, A. F., Brucki, S. M., Porto, C. S., de Arruda Martins, M., & Nitrini, R. (2014). Subjective memory complaints in the elderly: A sign of cognitive impairment? Clinics, 69(3), 194–197. doi:10.6061/clinics/2014(03)09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessen, F., Amariglio, R. E., van Boxtel, M., Breteler, M., Ceccaldi, M., Chételat, G., … Subjective Cognitive Decline Initiative (SCD-I) Working Group. (2014). A conceptual framework for research on subjective cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 10(6), 844–852. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonker, C., Geerlings, M. I., & Schmand, B. (2000). Are memory complaints predictive for dementia? A review of clinical and population-based studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(11), 983–991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowal, P., Chatterji, S., Naidoo, N., Biritwum, R., Fan, W., Lopez Ridaura, R., … SAGE Collaborators. (2012). Data resource profile: The World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). International Journal of Epidemiology, 41(6), 1639–1649. doi:10.1093/ije/dys210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koyanagi, A., Lara, E., Stubbs, B., Carvalho, A. F., Oh, H., Stickley, A., … Vancampfort, D. (2018). Chronic physical conditions, multimorbidity, and mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(4), 721–727. doi:10.1111/jgs.15288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, F. B., Pedersen, M. H., Friis, K., Glümer, C., & Lasgaard, M. (2017). A latent class analysis of multimorbidity and the relationship to sociodemographic factors and health-related quality of life. A national population-based study of 162,283 Danish adults. PLoS ONE, 12(1), e0169426. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linzer, D. A., & Lewis, J. B. (2011). poLCA: An R package for polytomous variable latent class analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 42(10). doi:10.18637/jss.v042.i10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney, Australia: Psychology Foundation of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Manolio, T. A., Olson, J., & Longstreth, W. T. (2003). Hypertension and cognitive function: Pathophysiologic effects of hypertension on the brain. Current Hypertension Reports, 5(3), 255–261. doi:10.1007/s11906-003-0029-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meade, T., Manolios, N., Cumming, S. R., Conaghan, P. G., & Katz, P. (2018). Cognitive impairment in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Arthritis Care & Research, 70(1), 39–52. doi:10.1002/acr.23243
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendonça, M. D., Alves, L., & Bugalho, P. (2016). From subjective cognitive complaints to dementia who is at risk? American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementiasr, 31(2), 105–114. doi:10.1177/1533317515592331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mol, M., Carpay, M., Ramakers, I., Rozendaal, N., Verhey, F., & Jolles, J. (2007). The effect of perceived forgetfulness on quality of life in older adults; a qualitative review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(5), 393–400. doi:10.1002/gps.1686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussavi, S., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Tandon, A., Patel, V., & Ustun, B. (2007). Depression, chronic diseases, and decrements in health: Results from the World Health Surveys. The Lancet, 370(9590), 851–858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61415-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. K. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: Growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), 882–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradise, M. B., Glozier, N. S., Naismith, S. L., Davenport, T. A., & Hickie, I. B. (2011). Subjective memory complaints, vascular risk factors and psychological distress in the middle-aged: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 11, 108. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-11-108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Partap, U., Young, E. H., Allotey, P., Soyiri, I. N., Jahan, N., Komahan, K., …. Reidpath, D. D. (2017). HDSS profile: The South East Asia Community Observatory Health and Demographic Surveillance System (SEACO HDSS). International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(5), 1370–1371g. doi:10.1093/ije/dyx113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., … Vinicor, F., … American Heart Association. (2003). Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: Application to clinical and public health practice: A statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 107(3), 499–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedro, M. C., Mercedes, M.-P., Ramón, L.-H., & Borja, M. R. (2016). Subjective memory complaints in elderly: Relationship with health status, multimorbidity, medications, and use of services in a population-based study. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(11), 1903–1916. doi:10.1017/S104161021600106X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2009). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org
   Google Scholar
• Radha, V., & Mohan, V. (2007). Genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes among Asian Indians. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 125(3), 259–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajan, K. B., Arvanitakis, Z., Lynch, E. B., McAninch, E. A., Wilson, R. S., Weuve, J., … Evans, D. A. (2016). Cognitive decline following incident and preexisting diabetes mellitus in a population sample. Neurology, 87(16), 1681–1687. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampal, S., Mahadeva, S., Guallar, E., Bulgiba, A., Mohamed, R., Rahmat, R., … Rampal, L. (2012). Ethnic differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: Results from a multi-ethnic population-based survey in Malaysia. PloS One, 7(9), e46365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, L. M., & Maclullich, A. M. J. (2006). Subjective memory complaints and cognitive impairment in older people. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22(5-6), 471–485. doi:10.1159/000096295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisberg, B., & Gauthier, S. (2008). Current evidence for subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) as the pre-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage of subsequently manifest Alzheimer’s disease. International Psychogeriatrics/IPA, 20(1), 1–16. doi:10.1017/S1041610207006412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sajjad, A., Mirza, S. S., Portegies, M. L. P., Bos, M. J., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., … Ikram, M. A. (2015). Subjective memory complaints and the risk of stroke. Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation, 46(1), 170–175. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.006616
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salive, M. E. (2013). Multimorbidity in older adults. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35(1), 75–83. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxs009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenfors, C. U. D., Jonsdottir, I. H., Magnusson Hanson, L. L., & Theorell, T. (2017). Associations between systemic pro-inflammatory markers, cognitive function and cognitive complaints in a population-based sample of working adults. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 96, 49–59. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tey, N. P., Siraj, S. B., Kamaruzzaman, S. B. B., Chin, A. V., Tan, M. P., Sinnappan, G. S., & Müller, A. M. (2016). Aging in Multi-ethnic Malaysia. The Gerontologist, 56(4), 603–609. doi:10.1093/geront/gnv153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thein, F. S., Li, Y., Nyunt, M. S. Z., Gao, Q., Wee, S. L., & Ng, T. P. (2018). Physical frailty and cognitive impairment is associated with diabetes and adversely impact functional status and mortality. Postgraduate Medicine, 130(6), 561–567. doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1491779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, D. H., Green, R. C., Benke, K. S., Silliman, R. A., & Farrer, L. A. (2006). Predictors of subjective memory complaint in cognitively normal relatives of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 18(3), 384–388. doi:10.1176/jnp.2006.18.3.384
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Harten, A. C., Visser, P. J., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Teunissen, C. E., Blankenstein, M. A., Scheltens, P., & van der Flier, W. M. (2013). Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ42 is the best predictor of clinical progression in patients with subjective complaints. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 9(5), 481–487. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Oijen, M., de Jong, F. J., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P. J., & Breteler, M. M. B. (2007). Subjective memory complaints, education, and risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 3(2), 92–97. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2007.01.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vassilaki, M., Aakre, J. A., Cha, R. H., Kremers, W. K., St. Sauver, J. L., Mielke, M. M., … Roberts, R. O. (2015). Multimorbidity and risk of mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(9), 1783–1790. doi:10.1111/jgs.13612
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson-Genderson, M., Heid, A. R., & Pruchno, R. (2017). Onset of multiple chronic conditions and depressive symptoms: A life events perspective. Innovation in Aging, 1(2). doi:10.1093/geroni/igx022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, L. G., Baines, K. J., Fu, J., Scott, H. A., & Gibson, P. G. (2012). The neutrophilic inflammatory phenotype is associated with systemic inflammation in asthma. Chest, 142(1), 86–93. doi:10.1378/chest.11-1838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yaffe, K., Lindquist, K., Penninx, B. W., Simonsick, E. M., Pahor, M., Kritchevsky, S., … Harris, T. (2003). Inflammatory markers and cognition in well-functioning African-American and white elders. Neurology, 61(1), 76–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yohannes, A. M., & Caton, S. (2010). Management of depression in older people with osteoarthritis: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 14(6), 637–651. doi:10.1080/13607860903483094
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar