Adult day services and dementia caregivers’ daily affect: the role of distress response to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

References

• Asparouhov, T., & Muthen, B. (2008). Growth mixture modeling: Analysis with non-Gaussian random effects. In G. Verbeke, M. Davidian, G. Fitzmaurice, & G. Molenberghs (Eds.), Longitudinal Data Analysis (Vol. 20085746, pp. 143–165). doi:10.1201/9781420011579.ch6
   Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellen, M. E., Demaio, P., Lange, A., & Wilson, M. G. (2017). Adult day center programs and their associated outcomes on clients, caregivers, and the health system: A scoping review. The Gerontologist, 57(6), e85–e94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etters, L., Goodall, D., & Harrison, B. E. (2008). Caregiver burden among dementia patient caregivers: A review of the literature. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20(8), 423–428. 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2008.00342.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauth, E. B., & Gibbons, A. (2014). Which behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are the most problematic? Variability by prevalence, intensity, distress ratings, and associations with caregiver depressive symptoms. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(3), 263–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fauth, E. B., Zarit, S. H., Femia, E. E., Hofer, S. M., & Stephens, M. A. P. (2006). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregivers’ stress appraisals: Intra-individual stability and change over short-term observations. Aging & Mental Health, 10(6), 563–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feast, A., Moniz-Cook, E., Stoner, C., Charlesworth, G., & Orrell, M. (2016). A systematic review of the relationship between behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) and caregiver well-being. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(11), 1761–1774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Femia, E. E., Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A. P., & Greene, R. (2007). Impact of adult day services on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The Gerontologist, 47(6), 775–788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields, N. L., Anderson, K. A., & Dabelko-Schoeny, H. (2014). The effectiveness of adult day services for older adults: A review of the literature from 2000. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 33(2), 130–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaugler, J. E., Jarrott, S. E., Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A. P., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (2003a). Respite for dementia caregivers: The effects of adult day service use on caregiving hours and care demands. International Psychogeriatrics, 15(1), 37–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaugler, J. E., Jarrott, S. E., Zarit, S. H., Stephens, M. A. P., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (2003b). Adult day service use and reductions in caregiving hours: Effects on stress and psychological well-being for dementia caregivers. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(1), 55–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaugler, J. E., Kane, R. L., Kane, R. A., Clay, T., & Newcomer, R. C. (2005). The Effects of Duration of Caregiving on Institutionalization. The Gerontologist, 45(1), 78–89. doi:10.1093/geront/45.1.78
   Google Scholar
• Gaugler, J. E., Yu, F., Krichbaum, K., & Wyman, J. F. (2009). Predictors of nursing home admission for persons with dementia. Medical Care, 47(2), 191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitlin, L. N., Reever, K., Dennis, M. P., Mathieu, E., & Hauck, W. W. (2006). Enhancing quality of life of families who use adult day services: Short- and long-term effects of the adult day services plus program. The Gerontologist, 46(5), 630–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenwood, N., Pound, C., Brearley, S., & Smith, R. (2019). A qualitative study of older informal carers’ experiences and perceptions of their caring role. Maturitas, 124, 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
   Google Scholar
• Juntunen, K., Salminen, A.-L., Törmäkangas, T., Tillman, P., Leinonen, K., & Nikander, R. (2018). Perceived burden among spouse, adult child, and parent caregivers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74(10), 2340–2350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H., Chang, M., Rose, K., & Kim, S. (2012). Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 846–855.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein, L. C., Kim, K., Almeida, D. M., Femia, E. E., Rovine, M. J., & Zarit, S. H. (2014). Anticipating an easier day: Effects of adult day services on daily cortisol and stress. The Gerontologist, 56(2), 303–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. J., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S.-L. T., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959–976. doi:10.1017/S0033291702006074
   Google Scholar
• Lawton, M. P., Kleban, M. H., Moss, M., Rovine, M., & Glicksman, A. (1989). Measuring caregiving appraisal. Journal of Gerontology, 44(3), P61–P71.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. L., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company.
   Google Scholar
• Leggett, A. N., Zarit, S. H., Kim, K., Almeida, D. M., & Klein, L. C. (2014). Depressive mood, anger, and daily cortisol of caregivers on high- and low-stress days. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(6), 820–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Granger, D. A., Kim, K., Klein, L. C., Almeida, D. M., & Zarit, S. H. (2017). Diurnal salivary alpha-amylase dynamics among dementia family caregivers. Health Psychology, 36(2), 160–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Kim, K., Almeida, D. M., & Zarit, S. H. (2015). Daily fluctuation in negative affect for family caregivers of individuals with dementia. Health Psychology, 34(7), 729–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Kim, K., & Zarit, S. H. (2015). Health trajectories of family caregivers: Associations with care transitions and adult day service use. Journal of Aging and Health, 27(4), 686–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, K. S., Zarit, S. H., & Townsend, A. L. (2000). Families and formal service usage: Stability and change in patterns of interface. Aging & Mental Health, 4(3), 234–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17(2), 144–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 593–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon, D. P., & Valente, M. J. (2014). Mediation from multilevel to structural equation modeling. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 65(2–3), 198–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto, N., Ikeda, M., Fukuhara, R., Shinagawa, S., Ishikawa, T., Mori, T., … Tanabe, H. (2007). Caregiver burden associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in elderly people in the local community. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 23(4), 219–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melo, G., Maroco, J., & de Mendonça, A. (2011). Influence of personality on caregiver’s burden, depression and distress related to the BPSD. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(12), 1275–1282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillemer, K., & Suitor, J. J. (2006). Making choices: A within-family study of caregiver selection. The Gerontologist, 46(4), 439–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., Zhang, Z., & Zyphur, M. J. (2011). Alternative methods for assessing mediation in multilevel data: The advantages of multilevel SEM. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(2), 161–182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., Zyphur, M. J., & Zhang, Z. (2010). A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation. Psychological Methods, 15(3), 209–233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, S. M., Zarit, S. H., Duncan, L. G., Rovine, M. J., & Femia, E. E. (2007). Family caregivers’ patterns of positive and negative affect. Family Relations, 56(1), 12–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teri, L., Truax, P., Logsdon, R., Uomoto, J., Zarit, S., & Vitaliano, P. P. (1992). Assessment of behavioral problems in dementia: The revised memory and behavior problems checklist. Psychology and Aging, 7(4), 622–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarit, S. H. (2018). Past is prologue: How to advance caregiver interventions. Aging & Mental Health, 22(6), 717–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarit, S. H., & Femia, E. E. (2008). A future for family care and dementia intervention research? Challenges and strategies. Aging & Mental Health, 12(1), 5–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarit, S. H., Kim, K., Femia, E. E., Almeida, D. M., & Klein, L. C. (2014). The effects of adult day services on family caregivers’ daily stress, affect, and health: Outcomes from the daily stress and health (DaSH) study. The Gerontologist, 54(4), 570–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zarit, S. H., Kim, K., Femia, E. E., Almeida, D. M., Savla, J., & Molenaar, P. C. M. (2011). Effects of adult day care on daily stress of caregivers: A within-person approach. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 66B(5), 538–546.
   Google Scholar
• Zarit, S. H., Whetzel, C. A., Kim, K., Femia, E. E., Almeida, D. M., Rovine, M. J., & Klein, L. C. (2014). Daily stressors and adult day service use by family caregivers: Effects on depressive symptoms, positive mood and DHEA-S. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(12), 1592–1602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar