Chronic conditions and depressive symptoms in older adults: the mediating role of functional limitations

References

• Andresen, E. M., Malmgren, J. A., Carter, W. B., & Patrick, D. L. (1994). Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10(2), 77–84. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arokiasamy, P., Uttamacharya, U., Jain, K., Biritwum, R. B., Yawson, A. E., Wu, F., … Kowal, P. (2015). The impact of multimorbidity on adult physical and mental health in low- and middle-income countries: What does the study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE) reveal? BMC Medicine, 13(1), 178. doi:10.1186/s12916-015-0402-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, 1173–1182. doi:10.1037//0022-3514.51.6.1173
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugliari, D., Campbell, N., Chan, C., Hayden, O., Hurd, M., Main, R., … Pantoja, P. (2016). RAND HRS data documentation, version P. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Center for the Study of Aging.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Alzheimer’s disease and healthy aging. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/aging/mentalhealth/depression.htm
   Google Scholar
• Conde-Sala, J. L., Garre-Olmo, J., Calvó-Perxas, L., Turró-Garriga, O., & Vilalta-Franch, J. (2019). Course of depressive symptoms and associated factors in people aged 65+ in Europe: A two-year follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 440–450. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison, T. E., McCabe, M. P., & Mellor, D. (2009). An examination of the “gold standard” diagnosis of major depression in aged-care settings. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(5), 359–367. doi:10.1097/JGP.0b013e318190b901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffith, L. E., Raina, P., Levasseur, M., Sohel, N., Payette, H., Tuokko, H., … Patterson, C. (2017). Functional disability and social participation restriction associated with chronic conditions in middle-aged and older adults. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 71(4), 381–389. doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunn, J. M., Ayton, D. R., Densley, K., Pallant, J. F., Chondros, P., Herrman, H. E., & Dowrick, C. F. (2012). The association between chronic illness, multimorbidity and depressive symptoms in an Australian primary care cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(2), 175–184. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0330-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwenith, G. F., & Lindsay, R. H. (2018). Overview of the Health and Retirement Study and introduction to the special issue. Work, Aging and Retirement, 4, 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hairi, N. N., Bulgiba, A., Cumming, R. G., Naganathan, V., & Mudla, I. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of physical disability and functional limitation among community dwelling older people in rural Malaysia, a middle income country. BMC Public Health, 10(1), 492. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-492
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ho, R. C., Niti, M., Kua, E. H., & Ng, T. P. (2008). Body mass index, waist circumference, waist–hip ratio and depressive symptoms in Chinese elderly: A population‐based study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(4), 401–408. doi:10.1002/gps.1893
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, C. Q., Dong, B. R., Lu, Z. C., Yue, J. R., & Liu, Q. X. (2010). Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: A meta-analysis of published literature. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(2), 131–141. doi:10.1016/j.arr.2009.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hybels, C. F., Pieper, C. F., & Blazer, D. G. (2009). The complex relationship between depressive symptoms and functional limitations in community-dwelling older adults: The impact of subthreshold depression. Psychological Medicine, 39(10), 1677–1688. doi:10.1017/S0033291709005650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., Noh, J. W., Park, J., & Kwon, Y. D. (2014). Body mass index and depressive symptoms in older adults: A cross-lagged panel analysis. PLoS One, 9(12), e114891. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114891
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kok, R. M., & Reynolds, C. F. (2017). Management of depression in older adults: A review. JAMA, 317(20), 2114–2122. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.5706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laditka, J. N., & Laditka, S. B. (2016). Associations of multiple chronic health conditions with active life expectancy in the United States. Disability and Rehabilitation, 38(4), 354–361. doi:10.3109/09638288.2015.1041614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ning, H., Harrison, T. C., Zhao, Y., Hu, H., Chen, H., Liao, L., … Feng, H. (2019). Correlates of depressive symptoms among older adults with physical functional limitations: A cross-sectional study in China. Research in Gerontological Nursing, 12(3), 133–146. doi:10.3928/19404921-20190306-01
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noh, J. W., Kwon, Y. D., Park, J., & Kim, J. (2015). Body mass index and depressive symptoms in middle aged and older adults. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 310. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1663-z
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385–401. doi:10.1177/014662167700100306
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rocca, W. A., Boyd, C. M., Grossardt, B. R., Bobo, W. V., Finney Rutten, L. J., Roger, V. L., … St. Sauver, J. L. (2014). Prevalence of multimorbidity in a geographically defined American population: Patterns by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 89(10), 1336–1349. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzuto, D., Melis, R. J., Angleman, S., Qiu, C., & Marengoni, A. (2017). Effect of chronic diseases and multimorbidity on survival and functioning in elderly adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 65(5), 1056–1060. doi:10.1111/jgs.14868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schieman, S., & Plickert, G. (2007). Functional limitations and changes in levels of depression among older adults: A multiple-hierarchy stratification perspective. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62(1), S36–S42. doi:10.1093/geronb/62.1.S36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, K. M., Von Korff, M., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M. C., Bromet, E., Fayyad, J., … Williams, D. (2009). Mental–physical co-morbidity and its relationship with disability: Results from the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychological Medicine, 39(1), 33–43. doi:10.1017/S0033291708003188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stegmann, M. E., Ormel, J., de Graaf, R., Haro, J.-M., de Girolamo, G., Demyttenaere, K., … Burger, H. (2010). Functional disability as an explanation of the associations between chronic physical conditions and 12-month major depressive episode. Journal of Affective Disorders, 124(1–2), 38–44. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.10.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tingley, D., Yamamoto, T., Hirose, K., Keele, L., & Imai, K. (2014). mediation: R package for causal mediation analysis. Journal of Statistical Software, 59(5), 1–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turvey, C. L., Wallace, R. B., & Herzog, R. (1999). A revised CES-D measure of depressive symptoms and a DSM-based measure of major depressive episodes in the elderly. International Psychogeriatrics, 11(2), 139–148. doi:10.1017/S1041610299005694
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson-Genderson, M., Heid, A. R., & Pruchno, R. (2017). Onset of multiple chronic conditions and depressive symptoms: A life events perspective. Innovation in Aging, 1(2), igx022. doi:10.1093/geroni/igx022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2017). Mental health of older adults. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2018). Ageing and health. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Dhingra, S., Li, C., Strine, T. W., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Depression and anxiety among US adults: Associations with body mass index. International Journal of Obesity, 33(2), 257. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Li, C., Crews, J. E., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009). Disability and its correlates with chronic morbidities among US adults aged 50− < 65 years. Preventive Medicine, 48(2), 117–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, C., Xue, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, X., Zhu, R., Du, Y., … Yang, T. (2019). Prevalence and related influencing factors of depressive symptoms among empty-nest elderly in Shanxi, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 750–756. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.045
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar