Competing risk analysis of the association between dementia and major depressive disorder: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan

Reference

• Adler, D. A., McLaughlin, T. J., Rogers, W. H., Chang, H., Lapitsky, L., & Lerner, D. (2006). Job performance deficits due to depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(9), 1569–1576. doi:10.1176/ajp.2006.163.9.1569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellelli, G., Frisoni, G. B., Turco, R., & Trabucchi, M. (2008). Depressive symptoms combined with dementia affect 12-months survival in elderly patients after rehabilitation post-hip fracture surgery. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(10), 1073–1077. doi:10.1002/gps.2035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y.-L., Weng, S.-F., Yang, C.-Y., Wang, J.-J., & Tien, K.-J. (2019). Diabetic ketoacidosis further increases risk of Alzheimer’s disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 147, 55–61. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.11.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien, I. C., Chou, Y. J., Lin, C. H., Bih, S. H., & Chou, P. (2004). Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among National Health Insurance enrollees in Taiwan. Psychiatric Services, 55(6), 691–697. doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.6.691
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipriani, G., Lucetti, C., Carlesi, C., Danti, S., & Nuti, A. (2015). Depression and dementia. A review. European Geriatric Medicine, 6(5), 479–486. doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2015.07.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo, R. A., Cherkin, D. C., & Ciol, M. A. (1992). Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 45(6), 613–619. doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90133-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz, B. S., Butters, M. A., Albert, S. M., Dew, M. A., & Reynolds, C. F. 3rd. (2013). Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(5), 329–335. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, L., Lim, W.-S., Chong, M.-S., Lee, T.-S., Gao, Q., Nyunt, M. S. Z., … Ng, T.-P. (2017). Depressive symptoms increase the risk of mild neurocognitive disorders among elderly Chinese. The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 21(2), 161–164. doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0765-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fine, J. P., & Gray, R. J. (1999). A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94(446), 496–509. doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10474144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowkes, R., Byrne, M., Sinclair, H., Tang, E., & Kunadian, V. (2016). Coronary artery disease in patients with dementia. Coronary Artery Disease, 27(6), 511–520. doi:10.1097/MCA.0000000000000377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freitag, M. H., Peila, R., Masaki, K., Petrovitch, H., Ross, G. W., White, L. R., & Launer, L. J. (2006). Midlife pulse pressure and incidence of dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Stroke, 37(1), 33–37. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000196941.58869.2d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaynes, B. N., Jackson, W. C., & Rorie, K. D. (2015). Major depressive disorder in the primary care setting: Strategies to achieve remission and recovery. The Journal of Family Practice, 64(9), S4–S4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, C.-J., Hsieh, H.-M., Tu, H.-P., Jiang, H.-J., Wang, P.-W., & Lin, C.-H. (2018a). Major depressive disorder in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and clinical characteristics. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 141–148. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.044
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, C.-J., Hsieh, H.-M., Tu, H.-P., Jiang, H.-J., Wang, P.-W., & Lin, C.-H. (2018b). Schizophrenia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and clinical characteristics. European Psychiatry, 54, 102–108. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Barber, C., Birnbaum, H. G., Frank, R. G., Greenberg, P. E., Rose, R. M., … Wang, P. (1999). Depression in the workplace: Effects on short-term disability: Could treating workers’ depression help employers to save money on disability? Health Affairs, 18(5), 163–171. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.18.5.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivipelto, M., Helkala, E.-L., Laakso, M. P., Hänninen, T., Hallikainen, M., Alhainen, K., … Soininen, H. (2002). Apolipoprotein E ϵ4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for late-life Alzheimer disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 137(3), 149–155. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ku, L.-J. E., Pai, M.-C., & Shih, P.-Y. (2016). Economic impact of dementia by disease severity: Exploring the relationship between stage of dementia and cost of care in Taiwan. PLoS One, 11(2), e0148779. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148779
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launer, L. J., Ross, G. W., Petrovitch, H., Masaki, K., Foley, D., White, L. R., & Havlik, R. J. (2000). Midlife blood pressure and dementia: The Honolulu–Asia aging study. Neurobiology of Aging, 21(1), 49–55. doi:10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00096-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ninomiya, T., Ohara, T., Hirakawa, Y., Yoshida, D., Doi, Y., Hata, J., … Kiyohara, Y. (2011). Midlife and late-life blood pressure and dementia in Japanese elderly: The Hisayama study. Hypertension, 58(1), 22–28. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.163055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006). Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 530–538. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.530
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendlebury, S. T., Rothwell, P. M., & Oxford Vascular, S. (2019). Incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: Analysis of the population-based Oxford Vascular Study. The Lancet Neurology, 18(3), 248–258. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30442-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, M. C., Weuve, J., Gagne, J. J., McQueen, M. B., Viswanathan, A., & Blacker, D. (2011). The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 22(5), 646–659. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e31822708b5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, M., Albanese, E., Guerchet, M., & Prina, M. (2014). World Alzheimer Report 2014: dementia and risk reduction: An analysis of protective and modifiable factors. Retrieved from https://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2014.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Prince, M., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Maj, M., Maselko, J., Phillips, M. R., & Rahman, A. (2007). No health without mental health. The Lancet, 370(9590), 859–877. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61238-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince, M., Wimo, A., Guerchet, M., Ali, G. C., Wu, Y. T., & Prina, M. (2015). World Alzheimer Report 2015. The global impact of dementia. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International. Retrieved from https://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Rönnemaa, E., Zethelius, B., Lannfelt, L., & Kilander, L. (2011). Vascular risk factors and dementia: 40-year follow-up of a population-based cohort. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 31(6), 460–466. doi:10.1159/000330020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross, G. W., Petrovitch, H., White, L. R., Masaki, K. H., Li, C. Y., Curb, J. D., … Havlik, R. (1999). Characterization of risk factors for vascular dementia: The Honolulu–Asia Aging Study. Neurology, 53(2), 337–337. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.2.337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachdev, P. S., Blacker, D., Blazer, D. G., Ganguli, M., Jeste, D. V., Paulsen, J. S., & Petersen, R. C. (2014). Classifying neurocognitive disorders: The DSM-5 approach. Nature Reviews Neurology, 10(11), 634–642. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2014.181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satagopan, J., Ben-Porat, L., Berwick, M., Robson, M., Kutler, D., & Auerbach, A. (2004). A note on competing risks in survival data analysis. British Journal of Cancer, 91(7), 1229–1235. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp, S. I., Aarsland, D., Day, S., Sønnesyn, H., & Ballard, C. (2011). Hypertension is a potential risk factor for vascular dementia: Systematic review. Alzheimer’s Society Vascular Dementia Systematic Review Group. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(7), 661–669. doi:10.1002/gps.2572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinan-Altman, S., & Werner, P. (2019). Illness representations of dementia: A scoping review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 179–193. doi:10.2147/CIA.S193316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skoog, I., Nilsson, L., Persson, G., Lernfelt, B., Landahl, S., Palmertz, B., … Svanborg, A. (1996). 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. The Lancet, 347(9009), 1141–1145. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90608-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y., Lee, H.-J., Yang, S.-C., Chen, T.-F., Lin, K.-N., Lin, C.-C., … Chiu, M.-J. (2014). A nationwide survey of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, including very mild dementia, in Taiwan. PLoS One, 9(6), e100303. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam, C. W.-C., & Lam, L. C.-W. (2013). Association between late-onset depression and incident dementia in Chinese older persons. East Asian Archives of Psychiatry, 23(4), 154–159.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ueda, K., Kawano, H., Hasuo, Y., & Fujishima, M. (1992). Prevalence and etiology of dementia in a Japanese community. Stroke, 23(6), 798–803. doi:10.1161/01.STR.23.6.798
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ury, H. K. (1975). Efficiency of case-control studies with multiple controls per case: Continuous or dichotomous data. Biometrics, 31(3), 643–649. doi:10.2307/2529548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Uden, I. W. M., van der Holst, H. M., van Leijsen, E. M. C., Tuladhar, A. M., van Norden, A. G. W., de Laat, K. F., … de Leeuw, F.-E. (2016). Late-onset depressive symptoms increase the risk of dementia in small vessel disease. Neurology, 87(11), 1102–1109. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000003089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshitake, T., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Ohmura, T., Iwamoto, H., Nakayama, K., … Fujishima, M. (1995). Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: The Hisayama Study. Neurology, 45(6), 1161–1168. doi:10.1212/WNL.45.6.1161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., Lim, H.-Y., Abdullah, F. N. D/O M., Chan, H.-M., Mahendran, R., Ho, R., … Feng, L. (2018). Directional associations between memory impairment and depressive symptoms: Data from a longitudinal sample and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 48(10), 1664–1672. doi:10.1017/S0033291717003154
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar