Managing loneliness: a qualitative study of older people’s views

References

• Andersson, L. (1998). Loneliness research interventions: A review of the literature. Aging & Mental Health, 2(4), 264–274. doi.org/10.1080/13607869856506
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barke, J. (2017). Community-based research and approaches to loneliness prevention. Working with Older People, 21(2), 115–123. doi:10.1108/WWOP-10-2016-0032
   Google Scholar
• Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Centre for Ageing Better. (2017). Evaluation of transitions in later life pilot projects: Executive summary and full report. UK Branch: London: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Cattan, M., Newell, C., Bond, J., & White, M. (2003). Alleviating social isolation and loneliness among older people. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 5(3), 20–30. doi:10.1080/14623730.2003.9721909
   Google Scholar
• Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017). Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: A scoping review. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 799–812. doi:10.1111/hsc.12311
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies, N., Crowe, M., & Whitehead, L. (2016). Establishing routines to cope with the loneliness associated with widowhood: A narrative analysis. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 23(8), 532–539. doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12339 doi:10.1111/jpm.12339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department for Digital Culture Media and Sport. (2018). A connected society: A strategy for tackling loneliness - laying the foundations for change. London HMSO: Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS).
   Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P. A. (1995). Loneliness among the never and formerly married: The importance of supportive friendships and a desire for independence. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 50, S321–S329. doi:10.1093/geronb/50B.5.S321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P. A., & de Jong Gierveld, J. (2004). Gender and marital-history differences in emotional and social loneliness among Dutch older adults. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne du Vieillissement, 23(2), 141–155. doi:10.1353/cja.2004.0018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dykstra, P. A., & Fokkema, T. (2007). Social and emotional loneliness among divorced and married men and women: Comparing the deficit and cognitive perspectives. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29(1), 1–12. doi:10.1080/01973530701330843
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder, G. H. (1994). Time, human agency, and social change: Perspectives on the life course. Social Psychology Quarterly, 57(1), 4–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essex, M. J., & Nam, S. (1987). Marital status and loneliness among older women: The differential importance of close family and friends. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49(1), 93–106. doi:10.2307/352674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong-Gierveld, J., & van Tilburg, T. (2006). A 6-Item Scale for Overall, Emotional, and Social Loneliness. Research on Aging, 28(5), 582–598. doi:10.1177/0164027506289723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2010). Experiences of loneliness among the very old: The Umeå 85+ project. Aging & Mental Health, 14(4), 433–438. doi.org/10.1080/13607860903586078 doi:10.1080/13607860903586078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. C., Pankey, J., & Gregg, J. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy. In DiTomasso, R. A. & Gosch, E. A. (Eds) Anxiety Disorders: A Practitioner’s Guide to Comparative Treatments, 110–136.
   Google Scholar
• Hildon, Z., Montgomery, S. M., Blane, D., Wiggins, R. D., & Netuveli, G. (2010). Examining resilience of quality of life in the face of health-related and psychosocial adversity at older ages: What is “right” about the way we age? The Gerontologist, 50(1), 36–47. doi:10.1093/geront/gnp067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holwerda, T. J., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J., Schutter, N., Van, R., Dekker, J., … Schoevers, R. A. (2016). Impact of loneliness and depression on mortality: Results from the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(2), 127–134. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.115.168005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharicha, K., Iliffe, S., Manthorpe, J., Chew-Graham, C. A., Cattan, M., Goodman, C., … Walters, K. (2017). What do older people experiencing loneliness think about primary care or community based interventions to reduce loneliness? A qualitative study in England. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(6), 1733–1742. doi:10.1111/hsc.12438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kharicha, K., Manthorpe, J., Davies, N., Iliffe, S., & Walters, K. (2018). Strategies employed by older people to manage loneliness themselves: Systematic review of qualitative studies and developing a new model. International Psychogeriatrics, 2018, 1–15. doi:10.1017/S1041610218000339
   Google Scholar
• Kirkevold, M., Moyle, W., Wilkinson, C., Meyer, J., & Hauge, S. (2013). Facing the challenge of adapting to a life ‘alone’ in old age: The influence of losses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(2), 394–403. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06018.x doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06018.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitzmüller, G., Clancy, A., Vaismoradi, M., Wegener, C., & Bondas, T. (2018). Trapped in an empty waiting room”—The existential human core of loneliness in old age: A meta-synthesis. Qualitative Health Research, 28(2), 213–230. doi:10.1177/1049732317735079
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lou, V. W. Q., & Ng, J. W. (2012). Chinese older adults’ resilience to the loneliness of living alone: A qualitative study. Aging & Mental Health, 16(8), 1039–1046. doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.692764
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansfield, L., Daykin, N., Meads, C., Tomlinson, A., Gray, K., Lane, J., & Victor, C. (2019). A conceptual review of loneliness across the adult life course (16+ years) Synthesis of qualitative studies. What Works Centre for Wellbeing.
   Google Scholar
• Roos, V., & Klopper, H. (2010). Older Persons' Experiences of Loneliness: A South African Perspective. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 20(2), 281–289. doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2010.10820377 doi:10.1080/14330237.2010.10820377
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peplau, L. A., & Perlman, D. (1982). Perspectives on loneliness. In: L. A. Peplau, & D. Perlman, (Eds.), Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy. New York: Willey–Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Pettigrew, S., & Roberts, M. (2008). Addressing loneliness in later life. Aging & Mental Health, 12(3), 302–309. doi.org/10.1080/13607860802121084 doi:10.1080/13607860802121084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rokach, A. (2013). Loneliness updated: Recent research on loneliness and how it affects our lives. Oxon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Royal Society for Public Health. (2018). That age old question. How attitudes to ageing affect our health and wellbeing. London: RSPH and Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Scanlan, J. M., Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., Savage, M., & Ochs, H. D. (2001). Lymphocyte proliferation is associated with gender, caregiving, and psychosocial variables in older adults. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(6), 537–559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scharf, T., & Keating, N. C. (Eds.). (2012). From exclusion to inclusion in old age: A global challenge. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Scottish Government. (2018). A Connected Scotland: Tackling social isolation and loneliness and building stronger social connections. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. M. (2012). Toward a better understanding of loneliness in community-dwelling older adults. The Journal of Psychology, 146(3), 293–311. doi:10.1080/00223980.2011.602132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. D., & Gay, P. (2005). Active ageing in active communities: Volunteering and the transition to retirement. Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, L., Ritchie, J., Ormston, R., O'Connor, W., & Barnard, M. (2014). Analysis: Principles and Processes. In J. Ritchie, J. Lewis, C. McNaughton Nicholls, and R. Ormston (Eds.), Qualitative Research Practice, A guide for social science students and researchers. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Stack, S., & Eshleman, J. R. (1998). Marital status and happiness: A 17-nation study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60(2), 527–536. doi:10.2307/353867
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanley, M., Moyle, W., Ballantyne, A., Jaworski, K., Corlis, M., & Oxlade, D. (2010). Nowadays you don’t even see your neighbours’: loneliness in the everyday lives of older Australians. Health & Social Care in the Community, 18, 407–414. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2524.2010.00923
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan, M. P., Victor, C. R., & Thomas, M. (2016). Understanding and alleviating loneliness in later life: Perspectives of older people. Quality in Ageing and Older Adults, 17(3), 168–178. doi:10.1108/QAOA-06-2015-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taube, E., Jakobsson, U., Midlov, P., & Kristensson, J. (2016). Being in a bubble: The experience of loneliness among frail older people. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(3), 631–640. doi:10.1111/jan.12853
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victor, C. G., Scambler, S. J., & Bond, J. (2009). The social world of older people. Milton Keynes: Open University Press
   Google Scholar
• Victor, C. R., Mansfield, L., Kay, T., Daykin, N., Lane, J., Grigsby Duffy, L., … Meads, C. (2018). An overview of reviews: the effectiveness of interventions to address loneliness at all stages of the life-course. London, UK: What Works Centre for Wellbeing.
   Google Scholar
• Walters, K., Kharicha, K., Goodman, C., Handley, M., Manthorpe, J., Cattan, M., … Iliffe, S. (2017). Promoting independence, health and wellbeing for older people: A feasibility study of computer-aided health and social risk appraisal system in primary care. BMC Family Practice, 18(1). doi:10.1186/s12875-017-0620-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss, R. S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotional and social isolation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Welsh Government. (2020). Connected Communities. A strategy for tackling loneliness and social isolation and building stronger connections. Welsh Government.
   Google Scholar