Continuous participation in social activities as a protective factor against depressive symptoms among older adults who started high-intensity spousal caregiving: findings from the China health and retirement longitudinal survey

References

• Adelmann, P. K. (1994). Multiple roles and psychological well-being in a national sample of older adults. Journal of Gerontology, 49(6), S277–S285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.6.S277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aneshensel, C. S., Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Zarit, S. H., & Whitlach, C. J. (1995). Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Atchley, R. C. (1989). A continuity theory of normal aging. The Gerontologist, 29(2), 183–190. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/29.2.183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atchley, R. C. (1993). Continuity theory and the evolution of activity in later adulthood. In J. R. Kelly (Ed.), Activity and aging: Staying involved in later life (pp. 5–16). Newbury Park: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bai, X., Liu, C., Baladon, L., & Rubio-Valera, M. (2018). Multidimensional determinants of the caregiving burden among Chinese male caregivers of older family members in Hong Kong. Aging & Mental Health, 22(8), 986–995. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1330872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burton, L. C., Zdaniuk, B., Schulz, R., Jackson, S., & Hirsch, C. (2003). Transitions in spousal caregiving. The Gerontologist, 43(2), 230–241. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/43.2.230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capistrant, B. D., Berkman, L. F., & Glymour, M. M. (2014). Does duration of spousal caregiving affect risk of depression onset? Evidence from the health and retirement study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(8), 766–770. doi:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.073
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, H., & Marks, N. F. (2006). Transition to caregiving, marital disagreement, and psychological well-being: A prospective U.S. National Study. Journal of Family Issues, 27(12), 1701–1722. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x06291523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunkle, R. E., Feld, S., Lehning, A. J., Kim, H., Shen, H.-W., & Kim, M. H. (2014). Does becoming an ADL spousal caregiver increase the caregiver’s depressive symptoms? Research on Aging, 36(6), 655–682. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027513516152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2007). Continuous participation in voluntary groups as a protective factor for the psychological well-being of adults who develop functional limitations: Evidence from the National Survey of Families and Households. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 62(1), S60–S68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.1.S60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu, L., Rosenberg, M. W., & Zeng, J. (2017). Changing caregiving relationships for older home-based Chinese people in a transitional stage: Trends, factors and policy implications. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 70(Suppl. C), 219–229. doi:https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.02.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guo, Q. J., Bai, X., & Feng, N. (2018). Social participation and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults: A study on rural-urban differences. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 124–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajek, A., Brettschneider, C., Mallon, T., Ernst, A., Mamone, S., Wiese, B., … König, H.H. (2017). The impact of social engagement on health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in old age - Evidence from a multicenter prospective cohort study in Germany. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15(1), 1–8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-017-0715-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hao, Y. (2008). Productive activities and psychological well-being among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 63(2), S64–S72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/63.2.S64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, S., Hasche, L., & Bowland, S. (2009). Structural relationships between social activities and longitudinal trajectories of depression among older adults. The Gerontologist, 49(1), 1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, Y., Kashy, D. A., Wellisch, D. K., Spillers, R. L., Kaw, C. K., & Smith, T. G. (2008). Quality of life of couples dealing with cancer: Dyadic and individual adjustment among breast and prostate cancer survivors and their spousal caregivers. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 230–238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9026-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemon, B. W., Bengtson, V. L., & Peterson, J. A. (1972). An exploration of the activity theory of aging: Activity types and life satisfaction among in-movers to a retirement community. Journal of Gerontology, 27(4), 511–523. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/27.4.511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Levasseur, M., Richard, L., Gauvin, L., & Raymond, É. (2010). Inventory and analysis of definitions of social participation found in the aging literature: Proposed taxonomy of social activities. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 71(12), 2141–2149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, N., Ye, X., & Ensel, W. M. (1999). Social support and depressed mood: A structural analysis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 40(4), 344–359. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2676330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Fang, B., Chan, J., & Lou, V. W. (2019). Continued social participation protects against depressive symptoms across the retirement transition: Longitudinal evidence from three waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 19 (10), 972–976. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13752.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., & Lou, V. W. Q. (2017). Continuity and changes in three types of caregiving and the risk of depression in later life: A 2-year prospective study. Age and Ageing, 46(5), 827–832. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., & Lou, V. W. Q. (2019). Transitioning into spousal caregiving: Contribution of caregiving intensity and caregivers' multiple chronic conditions to functional health. Age and Ageing, 48(1), 108–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lum, T. Y-S., & Lightfoot, E. (2005). The effects of volunteering on the physical and mental health of older people. Research on Aging, 27(1), 31–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504271349.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons, J. G., Cauley, J. A., & Fredman, L. (2015). The effect of transitions in caregiving status and intensity on perceived stress among 992 female caregivers and noncaregivers. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(8), 1018–1023. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glv001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mausbach, B. T., Chattillion, E. A., Roepke, S. K., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2013). A comparison of psychosocial outcomes in elderly Alzheimer caregivers and noncaregivers. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Finance. (2014). The notice on establishment and improvement of the subsidy system for the oldest old and disabled old adults issued by Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Civil Affairs, and National Commission on Aging. Retrieved from http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengwengao/wg2014/wg2014010/201504/t20150401_1211568.html
   Google Scholar
• Oshio, T., & Kan, M. (2016). How do social activities mitigate informal caregivers’ psychological distress? Evidence from a nine-year panel survey in Japan. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14(1), 117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0521-8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pearlin, L. I., & Aneshensel, C. S. (1994). Caregiving: The unexpected career. Social Justice Research, 7(4), 373–390. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02334863.
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin, L. I., & Bierman, A. (2013). Current issues and future directions in research into the stress process. In C. S. Aneshensel, J. C. Phelan, & A. Bierman (Eds.), Handbook of the sociology of mental health (pp. 325–340). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30(5), 583–594. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003a). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 250–267. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003b). Associations of stressors and uplifts of caregiving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 58(2), P112–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.P112.
   Google Scholar
• Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2011). Spouses, adult children, and children-in-law as caregivers of older adults: A meta-analytic comparison. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0021863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, 37(4), 433–440. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/37.4.433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seltzer, M. M., & Li, L. W. (2000). The dynamics of caregiving: Transitions during a three-year prospective study. The Gerontologist, 40(2), 165–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/40.2.165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherwood, P. R., Given, C. W., Given, B. A., & von Eye, A. (2005). Caregiver burden and depressive symptoms: Analysis of common outcomes in caregivers of elderly patients. Journal of Aging and Health, 17(2), 125–147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264304274179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibalija, J., Savundranayagam, M. Y., Orange, J. B., & Kloseck, M. (2020). Social support, social participation, & depression among caregivers and non-caregivers in Canada: A population health perspective. Aging & Mental Health, 24(5), 765–769. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1544223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G. R., Williamson, G. M., Miller, L. S., & Schulz, R. (2011). Depression and quality of informal care: A longitudinal investigation of caregiving stressors. Psychology and Aging, 26(3), 584–591. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vozikaki, M., Linardakis, M., Micheli, K., & Philalithis, A. (2017). Activity participation and well-being among European adults aged 65 years and Older. Social Indicators Research, 131(2), 769–795. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1256-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, M., & Brandt, M. (2018). Long-term care provision and the well-being of spousal caregivers: An analysis of 138 European regions. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 73(4), e24–e34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakui, T., Saito, T., Agree, E. M., & Kai, I. (2012). Effects of home, outside leisure, social, and peer activity on psychological health among Japanese family caregivers. Aging & Mental Health, 16(4), 500–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.644263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, J. L., Mulcahy, J., Huang, J., Roth, D. L., Covinsky, K., & Kasper, J. D. (2018). Family caregivers of older adults, 1999–2015. The Gerontologist, 58(6), 1021–1032. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx093.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, D. F. K., Ng, T. K., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2019). Caregiving burden and psychological distress in Chinese spousal caregivers: Gender difference in the moderating role of positive aspects of caregiving. Aging & Mental Health, 23(8), 976–983. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2018.1474447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, J. S., & Hsieh, N. (2019). Functional status, cognition, and social relationships in dyadic perspective. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 74(4), 703–714. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbx024
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, N. J., Guo, M., & Zheng, X. (2012). China: Awakening giant developing solutions to population aging. The Gerontologist, 52(5), 589–596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar