Interpersonal dysfunction predicts subsequent financial exploitation vulnerability in a sample of adults over 50: a prospective observational study

References

• Acierno, R., Hernandez, M. A., Amstadter, A. B., Resnick, H. S., Steve, K., Muzzy, W., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial abuse and potential neglect in the United States: The National Elder Mistreatment Study. American Journal of Public Health, 100(2), 292–297. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.163089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acierno, R., Hernandez-Tejada, M. A., Anetzberger, G. J., Loew, D., & Muzzy, W. (2017). The National Elder Mistreatment Study: An 8-year longitudinal study of outcomes. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 29(4), 254–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2017.1365031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acierno, R., Watkins, J., Hernandez-Tejada, M. A., Muzzy, W., Frook, G., Steedley, M., & Anetzberger, G. (2019). Mental Health Correlates of Financial Mistreatment in the National Elder Mistreatment Study Wave II. Journal of Aging and Health, 31(7), 1196–1211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264318767037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves, L. M., & Wilson, S. R. (2008). The effects of loneliness on telemarketing fraud vulnerability among older adults. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 20(1), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v20n01_04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Axelrod, J., Mosqueda, L., Weissberger, G. H., Nguyen, A. L., Boyle, P. A., Parunakian, E., & Han, S. D. (2020). Frailty and perceived financial exploitation: Findings from the finance, cognition, and health in elders study. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 6, 2333721420971073. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721420971073
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., Castle, N. G., & Rosen, J. (2010). Financial exploitation and psychological mistreatment among older adults: Differences between African Americans and non-African Americans in a population-based survey. The Gerontologist, 50(6), 744–757. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnq053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beach, S. R., Schulz, R., & Sneed, R. (2018). Associations between social support, social networks, and financial exploitation in older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 37(8), 990–1011. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464816642584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bombak, A. (2013). Self-rated health and public health: A critical perspective. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00015
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Schneider, J. A., Wilson, R. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2019). Scam awareness related to incident Alzheimer dementia and mild cognitive impairment: A prospective cohort study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170(10), 702–709. https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-2711
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Wilson, R. S., Gamble, K., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2012). Poor decision making is a consequence of cognitive decline among older persons without Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One, 7(8), e43647. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett, J., Jackson, S. L., Sinha, A. K., Aschenbrenner, A. R., Murphy, K. P., Xia, R., & Diamond, P. M. (2016). Five-year all-cause mortality rates across five categories of substantiated elder abuse occurring in the community. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 28(2), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2016.1142920
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, E., & Levy, B. R. (2021). High prevalence of elder abuse during COVID-19 pandemic: Risk and resilience factors. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(11), 1152–1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran, P. J., & Bauer, D. J. (2011). The disaggregation of within-person and between-person effects in longitudinal models of change. Annual Review of Psychology, 62(1), 583–619. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100356
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Federal Trade Commission. (2021). Protecting older consumers 2020-2021, a report of the Federal Trade Commission (Report 508). https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/reports/protecting-older-consumers-2020-2021-report-federal-trade-commission/protecting-older-consumers-report-508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Han, S. D., Boyle, P. A., James, B. D., Yu, L., & Bennett, D. A. (2016). Mild cognitive impairment and susceptibility to scams in old age. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 49(3), 845–851. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-150442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson, S. L., & Hafemeister, T. L. (2011). Risk factors associated with elder abuse: The importance of differentiating by type of elder maltreatment. Violence and Victims, 26(6), 738–757. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.6.738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, B. D., Boyle, P. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2014). Correlates of susceptibility to scams in older adults without dementia. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 26(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/08946566.2013.821809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, H. S., Towse, J. N., Race, N., & Harrison, T. (2019). Email fraud: The search for psychological predictors of susceptibility. PLoS One, 14(1), e0209684. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P. A., Paulson, D., & Han, S. D. (2020). Examining health and wealth correlates of perceived financial vulnerability: A normative study. Innovation in Aging, 4(4), igaa039. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa039
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P. A., Stickney, L., & Paulson, D. (2013). Is psychological vulnerability related to the experience of fraud in older adults? Clinical Gerontologist, 36(2), 132–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2012.749323
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P. A., Stoltman, J., Ficker, L. J., Iris, M., & Mast, B. (2015). A person-centered approach to financial capacity assessment: Preliminary development of a new rating scale. Clinical Gerontologist, 38(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2014.970318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lichtenberg, P. A., Sugarman, M. A., Paulson, D., Ficker, L. J., & Rahman-Filipiak, A. (2016). Psychological and functional vulnerability predicts fraud cases in older adults: Results of a longitudinal study. Clinical Gerontologist, 39(1), 48–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2015.1101632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, P.-J., Wood, S., Xi, P., Berger, D. E., & Wilber, K. (2017). The role of social support in elder financial exploitation using a community sample. Innovation in Aging, 1(1), igx016. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luke, S. G. (2017). Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R. Behavior Research Methods, 49(4), 1494–1502. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0809-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason, T. B., Smith, K. E., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2021). Examination of momentary maintenance factors and eating disorder behaviors and cognitions using ecological momentary assessment. Eating Disorders, 29(1), 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2019.1613847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, J. K., Anderson, E., Taeckens-Seabaugh, A., Greenfield, J., Chess, E., & King, J. (2020). Effects of household size and partner status on financial well-being and financial exploitation. Innovation in Aging, 4(Supplement_1), 114–115. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.377
   Google Scholar
• Nerenberg, L. (2000). Forgotten victims of financial crime and abuse: Facing the challenge. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 12(2), 49–73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J084v12n02_06
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, A. L., Mosqueda, L., Windisch, N., Weissberger, G., Axelrod, J., & Han, S. D. (2021). Perceived types, causes, and consequences of financial exploitation: Narratives from older adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 76(5), 996–1004. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odani, S., Shinozaki, T., Shibuya, K., & Tabuchi, T. (2022). Economic hardships and self-reported deterioration of physical and mental health under the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study, 2020, Japan. Journal of Epidemiology, 32(4), 195–203 https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20210268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. C., Burnes, D. P., Caccamise, P. L., Mason, A., Henderson, C. R.Jr., Wells, M. T., Berman, J., Cook, A. M., Shukoff, D., Brownell, P., Powell, M., Salamone, A., Pillemer, K. A., & Lachs, M. S. (2014). Financial exploitation of older adults: A population-based prevalence study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 29(12), 1615–1623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-014-2946-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranzenhofer, L. M., Engel, S. G., Crosby, R. D., Anderson, M., Vannucci, A., Cohen, L. A., Cassidy, O., & Tanofsky-Kraff, M. (2014). Using ecological momentary assessment to examine interpersonal and affective predictors of loss of control eating in adolescent girls. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(7), 748–757. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Lachman, M. E. (2017). Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2): Cognitive Project
   Google Scholar
• Schafer, M. H., & Koltai, J. (2015). Does embeddedness protect? Personal network density and vulnerability to mistreatment among older American adults. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 70(4), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, C. C., Yu, L., Glover, C. M., Mottola, G., Bennett, D. A., Wilson, R. S., & Boyle, P. A. (2020). Loneliness interacts with cognition in relation to healthcare and financial decision making among community-dwelling older adults. The Gerontologist, 60(8), 1476–1484. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa078
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templeton, V., & Kirkman, D. (2007). Fraud, vulnerability, and aging: Case studies. Elders Face Increased Financial Threat from Domestic and Foreign Actors. Alzheimer’s Care Today, 8, 265–277.
   Google Scholar
• Tun, P. A., & Lachman, M. E. (2006). Telephone assessment of cognitive function in adulthood: The Brief Test of Adult Cognition by Telephone. Age and Ageing, 35(6), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl095
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. (2019). Elders face increased financial threat from domestic and foreign actors. https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/FinCEN%20Financial%20Trend%20Analysis%20Elders_FINAL%20508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2011). GAO analysis of Lifespan of Greater Rochester, Inc., Weill Cornell Medical Center of Cornell University, and New York City Department for the Aging, Under the Radar: New York State Elder Abuse Prevalence Study (Publication No. GAO-21-90)
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2020). HHS Could do more to encourage state reporting on the costs of financial exploitation. (Publication No. GAO-21-90).
   Google Scholar
• Weissberger, G. H., Mosqueda, L., Nguyen, A. L., Samek, A., Boyle, P. A., Nguyen, C. P., & Han, S. D. (2020). Physical and mental health correlates of perceived financial exploitation in older adults: Preliminary findings from the Finance, Cognition, and Health in Elders Study (FINCHES). Aging & Mental Health, 24(5), 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1571020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman, M. M., & Bothwell, S. (1976). Assessment of social adjustment by patient self-report. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33(9), 1111–1115. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090101010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, A., Nyenhuis, D., Black, S. E., Law, L. S., Lo, E. S., Kwan, P. W., Au, L., Chan, A. Y., Wong, L. K., Nasreddine, Z., & Mok, V. (2015). Montreal Cognitive Assessment 5-minute protocol is a brief, valid, reliable, and feasible cognitive screen for telephone administration. Stroke, 46(4), 1059–1064. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar