336
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
General

‘Why should I feel guilty? I always give my best’. Guilt in Spanish women caring for dependent relatives from a gender perspective

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 1803-1811 | Received 29 May 2022, Accepted 08 Oct 2022, Published online: 19 Oct 2022

References

  • Adelman, R. D., Tmanova, L. L., Delgado, D., Dion, S., & Lachs, M. S. (2014). Caregiver burden: A clinical review. JAMA, 311(10), 1052–1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2014.304
  • Amigot, P., & Pujal i Llombart, M. (2009). Una lectura del género como dispositivo de poder. Sociológica, 24(70), 115–152. https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/soc/v24n70/v24n70a5.pdf
  • Anderson, E. W., & White, K. M. (2018). It has changed my life: An exploration of caregiver experiences in serious illness. The American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 35(2), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909117701895
  • Baumeister, R. F., Stillwell, A. M., & Heatherton, T. F. (1994). Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.243
  • Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., DeWall, C. N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review: An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 11(2), 167–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868307301033
  • Bennett, M. (2018). Blameless guilt: The case of career guilt and chronic and terminal illness. International Journal of Philosophical Studies, 26(1), 72–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672559.2017.1416422
  • Bom, J., Bakx, P., Schut, F., & van Doorslaer, E. (2019). The impact of informal caregiving for older adults on the health of various types of caregivers: A systematic review. The Gerontologist, 59(5), e629–e642. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny137
  • Bookwala, J., & Schulz, R. (2000). A comparison of primary stressors, secondary stressors, and depressive symptoms between elderly caregiving husbands and wives: The caregiver health effects study. Psychology and Aging, 15(4), 607–616. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.15.4.607
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-004
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2012). Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper (Ed.), APA handbook of research methods in psychology. Vol. 2 American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/13620-004
  • Brea, M. T., Albar, M. J., & Casado-Mejia, R. (2016). Gendering guilt among dependent family members’ caregivers. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19(80), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2016.82
  • Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Routledge.
  • Casanova, G., Lamura, G., & Principi, A. (2017 May-Jun). Valuing and integrating informal care as a core component of long-term care for older people: A comparison of recent developments in Italy and Spain. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 29(3), 201–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2016.1236640
  • Cascella Carbó, G. F., & García-Orellán, R. (2020). Burden and gender inequalities around informal care. Investigación y Educación en Enfermería, 38(1), e05. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.iee.v38n1e10
  • Cooper, C., Balamurali, T. B., & Livingston, G. (2007). A systematic review of the prevalence and covariates of anxiety in caregivers of people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206004297
  • del Río-Lozano, M., García-Calvente, M., del, M., Marcos-Marcos, J., Entrena-Durán, F., & Maroto-Navarro, G. (2013). Gender identity in informal care: Impact on health in Spanish caregivers. Qualitative Health Research, 23(11), 1506–1520. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732313507144
  • del Río Lozano, M., García-Calvente, M., del, M., Calle-Romero, J., Machón-Sobrado, M., & Larrañaga-Padilla, I. (2017). Health-related quality of life in Spanish informal caregivers: Gender differences and support received. Quality of Life Research: An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, 26(12), 3227–3238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1678-2
  • Domínguez-Castillo, P. (2019). The relevance of subjectivity in feminist and transformative research. In E. Pérez, L. Sánchez, D. García y E. Ortega (Eds.), Knowledges, practices and activism from feminist epistemologies. Vernon Press.
  • Domínguez-Castillo, P. (2021). Cuidar entre el miedo, la responsabilidad y la soledad durante la Covid-19: Reflexiones sobre las experiencias psicosociales de mujeres cuidadoras de familiares en situación de dependencia. In A. Marrades (Ed.). Los cuidados en la era Covid-19: Análisis jurídico, económico y político. Tirant lo Blanch.
  • Duggleby, W. D., Williams, A., Holstlander, L., Thomas, R., Cooper, D., Hallstrom, L. K., Ghosh, S., & O-Rourke, H. (2014). Hope of rural women caregivers of persons with advanced cancer: Guilt, self-efficacy and mental health. Rural and Remote Health, 14(2561), 2561–2513. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH2561
  • Ehrenreich, B., & English, D. (1979). For her own good. Anchor Book.
  • EUROCARERS (2020). Definition of informal caregiving: European association working for careers. https://eurocarers.org/about-carers
  • European Commission. (2018). Informal care in Europe. Exploring formalisation, avalaibility and quality. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/96d27995-6dee-11e8-9483-01aa75ed71a1
  • Federici, S. (2012). Revolution at point zero. Housework, reproduction and feminist struggle. PM Press – Common Notions.
  • Folbre, N. (2001). The invisible heart: Economics and family values. The New York Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1988). El sujeto y el poder. Revista Mexicana de Sociología, 50(3), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/3540551
  • Gallego-Alberto, L., Losada, A., Cabrera, I., Romero-Moreno, R., Pérez-Miguel, A., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., & Márquez-González, M. (2022). I feel guilty. Exploring guilt-related dynamics in family caregivers of people with dementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(5), 1294–1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2020.1769244
  • Gallego-Alberto, L., Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., & Vara, C. (2017). Commitment to personal values and guilt feelings in dementia caregivers. International Psychogeriatrics, 29(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610216001393
  • Gonyea, J. G., Paris, R., & de Saxe Zerden, L. (2008). Adult daughters and aging mothers: The role of guilt in the experience of caregiver burden. Aging & Mental Health, 12(5), 559–567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802343027
  • Graham, H. (1983). Caring: A labour of love. In J. Finch & D. Groves (Eds.), A labour of love. Women, work and caring (pp. 13–30). Routledge Kegan & Paul.
  • Hellström, I., Håkanson, C., Eriksson, H., & Sandberg, J. (2017). Development of older men’s caregiving roles for wives with dementia. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 31(4), 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1111/scs.12419
  • Hofmann, W., & Fisher, R. R. (2012). How guilt and pride shape subsequent self-control. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(6), 682–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611435136
  • Ingersoll-Dayton, B., & Krause, N. (2005). Self-forgiveness: A component of mental health in later life. Research on Aging, 27(3), 267–289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027504274122
  • Kittay, E. F. (1999). Love’s labour. Essays on women, equality and dependency. Routledge.
  • Lee, K., Martin, P., & Poon, L. W. (2017). Predictors of caregiving burden: Impact of subjective health, negative affect, and loneliness of octogenarians and centenarians. Aging & Mental Health, 21(11), 1214–1221. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2016.1206512
  • Levitt, H. M. (2015). Interpretation-driven guidelines for designing and evaluating grounded theory research: A constructivist-social justice approach. In O. Gelo, A. Pritz, & B. Rieken (Eds.), Psychotherapy research. Springer.
  • Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Peñacoba, C., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2010a). Development and validation of the Caregiver Guilt Questionnaire. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(4), 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610210000074
  • Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2010b). Mechanisms of action of a psychological intervention for dementia caregivers: Effects of behavioral activation and modification of dysfunctional thoughts. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(11), 1119–1127. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2648
  • Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Vara-García, C., Gallego-Alberto, L., Romero-Moreno, R., & Pillemer, K. (2018). Ambivalence and guilt feelings: Two relevant variables for understanding caregivers’ depressive symptomatology. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 25(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2116
  • Martz, K., & Morse, J. M. (2017). The changing nature of guilt in family caregivers: Living through care transitions of parents at the end of life. Qualitative Health Research, 27(7), 1006–1022. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732316649352
  • Mayobre, P., & Vázquez, I. (2015). Cuidar cuesta: Un análisis del cuidado desde la perspectiva de género. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 151, 83–100. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.151.83
  • Nelissen, R. M. A. (2012). Guilt-induced self-punishment as a sign of remorse. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611411520
  • Paoletti, I. (2002). Caring for older people: A gendered practice. Discourse & Society, 13(6), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1177/0957926502013006758
  • Peña-Longobardo, L. M., del Río-Lozano, M., Oliva-Moreno, J., Larrañaga-Padilla, I., & García-Calvente, M. D. M. (2021). Health, work, and social problems in Spanish informal caregivers: Does Gender matter? (The CUIDAR-SE Study). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), 7332. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147332
  • Petrini, M., Cirulli, F., D’Amore, A., Masella, R., Venerosi, A., & Carè, A. (2019). Health issues and informal caregiving in Europe and Italy. Annali Dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanita, 55(1), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN[PMC][30968835]
  • Petty, L., & Trussell, D. E. (2021). Leisure self-care, health and well-being in women’s lives. Annals of Leisure Research, 24(3), 328–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2019.1652661
  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003a). Associations of stressors and uplifts of caregiving with caregiver burden and depressive mood: A meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 58(2), P112–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.2.P112
  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003b). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 250–267. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250
  • Prunty, M. M., & Foli, K. J. (2019). Guilt experienced by caregivers to individuals with dementia: A concept analysis. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 14(2), e12227–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12227
  • Ramírez-Navarro, J. M., Revilla Castro, A., Fuentes Jiménez, M., Gómez Castro, E. (2021). XXI Dictamen del observatorio estatal de la dependencia. Asociación de Directores y Gerentes de Servicios Sociales de España. https://directoressociales.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/XXI-DICTAMEN-DEL-OBSERVATORIO-DE-LA-DEPENDENCIA.pdf
  • Roach, L., Laidlaw, K., Gillanders, D., & Quinn, K. (2013). Validation of the caregiver guilt questionnaire (CGQ) in a sample of British dementia caregivers. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(12), 2001–2010. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610213001506
  • Romero-Moreno, R., Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., & Mausbach, B. T. (2014a). Effects of the frequency and satisfaction with leisure profile on dementia caregivers distress. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 878–886. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.148381
  • Romero-Moreno, R., Losada, A., Marquez, M., Laidlaw, K., Fernandez-Fernandez, V., Nogales-Gonzalez, C., & Lopez, J. (2014b). Leisure, gender, and kinship in dementia caregiving: Psychological vulnerability of caregiving daughters with feelings of guilt. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(4), 502–513. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt027.Advance
  • Romero-Moreno, R., Márquez-González, M., Gallego-Alberto, L., Cabrera, I., Vara-García, C., Pedroso-Chaparro, M. D. S., Barrera-Caballero, S., & Losada, A. (2022). Guilt focused intervention for family caregivers. Preliminary results of a randomized clinical trial. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(5), 1304–1316. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2048287
  • Sardesai, T., & Bhansali, N. (2019). Motivating factors amongst caregivers of those suffering from dementia: A thematic analysis. Indian Journal of Mental Health, 6, 280. https://doi.org/10.30877/IJMH.6.3.2019.280-289
  • Schulz, R., & Sherwood, P. R. (2008). Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving. The American Journal of Nursing, 108(9 Suppl), 23–27; quiz 27. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000336406.45248.4c
  • Silverman, D. (2011). Interpreting qualitative data: A guide to the principles of qualitative research. SAGE Publications.
  • Sociedad Española de Geriatría y Gerontología (2016). CuidadorES. Estudio de investigación sociosanitaria sobre cuidadores de personas mayores dependientes. http://envejecimiento.csic.es/documentos/documentos/Estudio-Cuidadores-segg.pdf
  • Spillers, R. L., Wellisch, D. K., Kim, Y., Matthews, A., & Baker, F. (2008). Family caregivers and guilt in the context of cancer care. Psychosomatics, 49(6), 511–519. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.49.6.511
  • Tangney, J. P. (1996). Conceptual and methodological issues in the assessment of shame and guilt. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34(9), 741–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(96)00034-4
  • Tangney, J. P., & Dearing, R. L. (2002). What is so important about shame and guilt?. In Shame and Guilt. (pp. 2020–2028) Guilford Publications.
  • Tangney, J. P., Stuewig, J., & Mashek, D. J. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345–372. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145
  • Tronto, J. (1993). Moral boundaries: A political argument for an ethic of care. Routledge.
  • Ussher, J. M., & Sandoval, M. (2008). Gender differences in the construction and experience of cancer care: The consequences of the gendered positioning of carers. Psychology & Health, 23(8), 945–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440701596585
  • Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J., Barreto, M., Vines, J., Atkinson, M., Lawson, S., & Wilson, M. (2017). Experiences of loneliness associated with being an informal caregiver: A qualitative investigation. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(, 585. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00585
  • Zarzycki, M., Morrison, V., Bei, E., & Seddon, D. (2022). Cultural and societal motivations for being informal caregivers: A qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Health Psychology Review, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2022.2032259
  • Zarit, S. H. & Zarit, J. M. (2015). Family caregiving. In B. A. Bensadon (Ed.), Psychology and geriatrics: Integrated care for an aging population. (pp. 21–43). Academic Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.