356
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Caregivings

Factors that promote resilience for older adults and their informal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 2011-2018 | Received 26 Feb 2022, Accepted 20 Jan 2023, Published online: 10 Feb 2023

References

  • Abshire, D. A., Graves, J. M., Amiri, S., & Williams-Gilbert, W. (2022). Differences in loneliness across the rural-urban continuum among adults living in Washington State. The Journal of Rural Health, 38(1), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1111/JRH.12535
  • Anderson, N. D., Damianakis, T., Kröger, E., Wagner, L. M., Dawson, D. R., Binns, M. A., Bernstein, S., Caspi, E., & Cook, S. L. (2014). The benefits associated with volunteering among seniors: A critical review and recommendations for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1505–1533. https://doi.org/10.1037/A0037610
  • Archer, J., Reiboldt, W., Claver, M., & Fay, J. (2021). Caregiving in quarantine: Evaluating the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on adult child informal caregivers of a parent. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 2333721421990150. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721421990150
  • Balkaran, B. L., Jaffe, D. H., Umuhire, D., Rive, B., & Milz, R. U. (2021). Self-reported burden of caregiver of adults with depression: A cross-sectional study in five Western European countries. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12888-021-03255-6/FIGURES/7
  • Callow, D. D., Arnold-Nedimala, N. A., Jordan, L. S., Pena, G. S., Won, J., Woodard, J. L., & Smith, J. C. (2020). The mental health benefits of physical activity in older adults survive the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(10), 1046–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAGP.2020.06.024
  • Chan, W., Chui, C. H. K., Cheung, J. C. S., Lum, T. Y. S., & Lu, S. (2021). Associations between volunteering and mental health during COVID-19 among Chinese Older Adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 64(6), 599–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2021.1904079
  • Cheruvu, V. K., & Chiyaka, E. T. (2019). Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults who reported medical cost as a barrier to seeking health care: Findings from a nationally representative sample. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 192. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12877-019-1203-2/TABLES/3
  • Choi, E. Y., Farina, M. P., Wu, Q., & Ailshire, J. (2022). COVID-19 social distancing measures and loneliness among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(7), e167–e178. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab009
  • Cohen, S. A., Kunicki, Z. J., Drohan, M. M., & Greaney, M. L. (2021). Exploring changes in caregiver burden and caregiving intensity due to COVID-19. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 2333721421999279. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721421999279
  • Cohen, S. A., Kunicki, Z. J., Nash, C. C., Drohan, M. M., & Greaney, M. L. (2021). Rural-urban differences in caregiver burden due to the COVID-19 pandemic among a national sample of informal caregivers. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211025124. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211025124
  • Cohen-Mansfield, J., Muff, A., Meschiany, G., & Lev-Ari, S. (2021). Adequacy of web-based activities as a substitute for in-person activities for older persons during the COVID-19 pandemic: Survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e25848. https://doi.org/10.2196/25848
  • Cooper, C., Balamurali, T. B. S., & Livingston, G. (2007). A systematic review of the prevalence and covariates of anxiety in caregivers of people with dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 19(2), 175–195. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206004297
  • Coppola, I., Rania, N., Parisi, R., & Lagomarsino, F. (2021). Spiritual well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 626944. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYT.2021.626944
  • Creese, B., Khan, Z., Henley, W., O’Dwyer, S., Corbett, A., Vasconcelos Da Silva, M., Mills, K., Wright, N., Testad, I., Aarsland, D., & Ballard, C. (2021). Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: A longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(5), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610220004135
  • Cuijpers, P. (2005). Depressive disorders in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review. Aging & Mental Health, 9(4), 325–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860500090078
  • de Koning, J., Richards, S., & Stathi, A. (2020). Loneliness, social isolation, and objectively measured physical activity in rural-living older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 28(3), 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0027
  • Di Lorito, C., Long, A., Byrne, A., Harwood, R. H., Gladman, J. R. F., Schneider, S., Logan, P., Bosco, A., & van der Wardt, V. (2021). Exercise interventions for older adults: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 10(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSHS.2020.06.003
  • Doyle, K. L., Toepfer, M., Bradfield, A. F., Noffke, A., Ausderau, K. K., Andreae, S., & Pickett, K. A. (2021). Systematic review of exercise for caregiver–care recipient dyads: What is best for spousal caregivers—exercising together or not at all? The Gerontologist, 61(6), e283–e301. https://doi.org/10.1093/GERONT/GNAA043
  • Ejem, D. B., Drentea, P., & Clay, O. J. (2015). The effects of caregiver emotional stress on the depressive symptomatology of the care recipient. Aging & Mental Health, 19(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.915919
  • Finlay, J. M., Kler, J. S., O’Shea, B. Q., Eastman, M. R., Vinson, Y. R., & Kobayashi, L. C. (2021). Coping during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study of older adults across the United States. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 643807. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPUBH.2021.643807
  • Freedman, V. A., & Hu, M. (2020). COVID-19 Supplement to the National Health and Aging Trends Study User Guide. Final Release. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. www.nhats.org
  • Fuller, H. R., & Huseth-Zosel, A. (2022). Older adults’ loneliness in early COVID-19 social distancing: Implications of rurality. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(7), e100–e105. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab053
  • Gallagher, S., & Wetherell, M. A. (2020). Risk of depression in family caregivers: Unintended consequence of COVID-19. BJPsych Open, 6(6), e119. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.99
  • Hawkley, L. C., Finch, L. E., Kotwal, A. A., & Waite, L. J. (2021). Can remote social contact replace in-person contact to protect mental health among older adults? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(11), 3063–3065. https://doi.org/10.1111/JGS.17405
  • Henning-Smith, C. (2020). Meeting the social needs of older adults in rural areas. JAMA Health Forum, 1(11), e201411–e201411. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMAHEALTHFORUM.2020.1411
  • Henning-Smith, C., Moscovice, I., & Kozhimannil, K. (2019). Differences in social isolation and its relationship to health by rurality. The Journal of Rural Health, 35(4), 540–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/JRH.12344
  • Holaday, L. W., Oladele, C. R., Miller, S. M., Dueñas, M. I., Roy, B., & Ross, J. S. (2022). Loneliness, sadness, and feelings of social disconnection in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 70(2), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17599
  • Hughes, M. C., Liu, Y., & Baumbach, A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the health and well-being of informal caregivers of people with dementia: A rapid systematic review. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211020164. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211020164
  • Hunsaker, A., Hargittai, E., & Piper, A. M. (2020). Online social connectedness and anxiety among older adults. International Journal of Communication, 14(0), 29. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/11841
  • Igarashi, H., Kurth, M. L., Lee, H. S., Choun, S., Lee, D., & Aldwin, C. M. (2022). Resilience in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A socioecological approach. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(4), e64–e69. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab058
  • Isaac, V., Cheng, T., Townsin, L., Assareh, H., Li, A., & McLachlan, C. S. (2021). Associations of the initial COVID-19 lockdown on self-reported happiness and worry about developing loneliness: A cross-sectional analysis of rural, regional, and urban Australian communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9501. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189501
  • Kim, S.-W., Park, I.-H., Kim, M., Park, A.-L., Jhon, M., Kim, J.-W., Kang, H.-J., Ryu, S., Lee, J.-Y., & Kim, J.-M. (2021). Risk and protective factors of depression in the general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in Korea. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03449-y
  • Koçak, O. (2021). How does religious commitment affect satisfaction with life during the COVID-19 pandemic? Examining depression, anxiety, and stress as mediators. Religions, 12(9), 701. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090701
  • Kotwal, A. A., Holt-Lunstad, J., Newmark, R. L., Cenzer, I., Smith, A. K., Covinsky, K. E., Escueta, D. P., Lee, J. M., & Perissinotto, C. M. (2021). Social isolation and loneliness among San Francisco Bay area older adults during the COVID-19 shelter-in-place orders. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 69(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/JGS.16865
  • Lavretsky, H., Alstein, L. L., Olmstead, R. E., Ercoli, L. M., Riparetti-Brown, M., Cyr, N. S., & Irwin, M. R. (2011). Complementary use of Tai Chi Chih augments escitalopram treatment of geriatric depression: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(10), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31820ee9ef
  • Leach, L. S. (2012). Review: Major depression affects about 7% of adults aged 75 and above. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 15(3), 64–64. https://doi.org/10.1136/EBMENTAL-2012-100694
  • Li, L., Wang, J., Guo, S., Xing, Y., Ke, X., Chen, Y., He, Y., Wang, S., Wang, J., Cui, X., Wang, Z., & Tang, L. (2021). Tai Chi exercise improves age-associated decline in cerebrovascular function: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12877-021-02196-9/TABLES/3
  • Liang, X., Guo, Q., Luo, J., Li, F., Ding, D., Zhao, Q., & Hong, Z. (2016). Anxiety and depression symptoms among caregivers of care-recipients with subjective cognitive decline and cognitive impairment. BMC Neurology, 16(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-016-0712-2
  • Lightfoot, E., Yun, H., Moone, R., Otis, J., Suleiman, K., Turck, K., & Kutzler, C. (2021). Changes to family caregiving of older adults and adults with disabilities during COVID-19. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211002404. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211002404
  • Lingler, J. H., Sherwood, P. R., Crighton, M. H., Song, M. K., & Happ, M. B. (2008). Conceptual challenges in the study of caregiver-care recipient relationships. Nursing Research, 57(5), 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NNR.0000313499.99851.0c
  • Litwin, H., & Levinsky, M. (2022). Social networks and mental health change in older adults after the Covid-19 outbreak. Aging and Mental Health, 26(5), 925–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1902468
  • Luppa, M., Sikorski, C., Luck, T., Ehreke, L., Konnopka, A., Wiese, B., Weyerer, S., König, H. H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2012). Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life–systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 212–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2010.11.033
  • McGinty, E. E., Presskreischer, R., Han, H., & Barry, C. L. (2020). Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020. JAMA, 324(1), 93–94. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2020.9740
  • McMullan, I. I., Bunting, B. P., Burns, A., Smith, L., Cunningham, C., O’Sullivan, R., Blackburn, N. E., Wilson, J. J., & Tully, M. A. (2021). Is physical activity associated with loneliness or social isolation in older adults? Results of a longitudinal analysis using the Irish longitudinal study on ageing. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 29(4), 562–572. https://doi.org/10.1123/JAPA.2020-0159
  • Monin, J. K., Poulin, M. J., Brown, S. L., & Langa, K. M. (2017). Spouses’ daily feelings of appreciation and self-reported well-being. Health Psychology, 36(12), 1135–1139. https://doi.org/10.1037/HEA0000527
  • Montaquila, J., Freedman, V. A., Spellman, B., & Kasper, J. D. (2012). National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) Technical Paper #1. www.NHATS.org
  • Nimrod, G. (2020). Changes in internet use when coping with stress: Older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(10), 1020–1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAGP.2020.07.010
  • Onwumere, J., Kuipers, E., Wildman, E., Mason, A., & Stahl, D. (2021). Caregiver wellbeing during Covid-19: Does being hopeful play a role? Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 6, 100239. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JADR.2021.100239
  • Rivera-Torres, S., Mpofu, E., Keller, M. J., & Ingman, S. (2021). Older adults’ mental health through leisure activities during COVID-19: A scoping review. Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine, 7, 23337214211036776. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214211036776
  • Rosenberg, M. W., & Eckstrom, E. (2020). Geographic differences in the unpaid caregiver experience from the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC). Rural and Remote Health, 20(4), 6062. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH6062
  • Shellito, N., & Roldan, N. V. (2019). Walking away from loneliness: The mediating role of social isolation. Innovation in Aging, 3(Supplement_1), S836–S837. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3082
  • Shiba, K., Kondo, N., & Kondo, K. (2016). Informal and formal social support and caregiver burden: The AGES caregiver survey. Journal of Epidemiology, 26(12), 622–628. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20150263
  • Smith, L., Onwumere, J., Craig, T., McManus, S., Bebbington, P., & Kuipers, E. (2014). Mental and physical illness in caregivers: Results from an English national survey sample. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 205(3), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1192/BJP.BP.112.125369
  • Stansfeld, S., Smuk, M., Onwumere, J., Clark, C., Pike, C., McManus, S., Harris, J., & Bebbington, P. (2014). Stressors and common mental disorder in informal carers – An analysis of the English Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 120, 190–198. 190. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2014.09.025
  • Steele, A., Maruyama, N., & Galynker, I. (2010). Psychiatric symptoms in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder: A review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 121(1–2), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAD.2009.04.020
  • Strutt, P. A., Johnco, C. J., Chen, J., Muir, C., Maurice, O., Dawes, P., Siette, J., Botelho Dias, C., Hillebrandt, H., & Wuthrich, V. M. (2022). Stress and coping in older Australians during COVID-19: Health, service utilization, grandparenting, and technology use. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2021.1884158
  • Teo, A. R., Choi, H., Andrea, S. B., Valenstein, M., Newsom, J. T., Dobscha, S. K., & Zivin, K. (2015). Does mode of contact with different types of social relationships predict depression in older adults? Evidence from a nationally representative survey. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 63(10), 2014–2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/JGS.13667
  • Tully, M. A., McMullan, I. I., Blackburn, N. E., Wilson, J. J., Coll-Planas, L., Deidda, M., Caserotti, P., & Rothenbacher, D. (2020). Is sedentary behavior or physical activity associated with loneliness in older adults? Results of the European-Wide SITLESS Study. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 28(4), 549–555. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2019-0311
  • von Humboldt, S., Mendoza-Ruvalcaba, N. M., Arias-Merino, E. D., Costa, A., Cabras, E., Low, G., & Leal, I. (2020). Smart technology and the meaning in life of older adults during the Covid-19 public health emergency period: A cross-cultural qualitative study. International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 32(7–8), 713–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1810643
  • Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Feng, T., & Wang, H. (2019). Does internet use affect levels of depression among older adults in China? A propensity score matching approach. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12889-019-7832-8/TABLES/5
  • Wolff, J. L., Spillman, B. C., Freedman, V. A., & Kasper, J. D. (2016). A national profile of family and unpaid caregivers who assist older adults with health care activities. JAMA Internal Medicine, 176(3), 372–379. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7664

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.