784
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Risk and Cognition

The effects of loneliness and social isolation on cognitive impairment-free life expectancy in older adults

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 2120-2127 | Received 16 Jun 2022, Accepted 27 Feb 2023, Published online: 23 Mar 2023

References

  • Akhter-Khan, S. C., Tao, Q., Ang, T. F. A., Itchapurapu, I. S., Alosco, M. L., Mez, J., Piers, R. J., Steffens, D. C., Au, R., & Qiu, W. Q. (2021). Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 17(10), 1619–1627. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12327
  • Baltes, P. B., & Smith, J. (2003). New frontiers in the future of aging: From successful aging of the young old to the dilemmas of the fourth age. Gerontology, 49(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.1159/000067946
  • Barnes, T. L., MacLeod, S., Tkatch, R., Ahuja, M., Albright, L., Schaeffer, J. A., & Yeh, C. S. (2022). Cumulative effect of loneliness and social isolation on health outcomes among older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 26(7), 1327–1334. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1940096
  • Burholt, V., & Scharf, T. (2014). Poor health and loneliness in later life: The role of depressive symptoms, social resources, and rural environments. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69(2), 311–324. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbt121
  • Freak-Poli, R., Wagemaker, N., Wang, R., Lysen, T. S., Ikram, M. A., Vernooij, M. W., Dintica, C. S., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Melis, R. J. M., Laukka, E. J., Fratiglioni, L., Xu, W., & Tiemeier, H. (2022). Loneliness, not social support, is associated with cognitive decline and dementia across two longitudinal population-based cohorts. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease: JAD, 85(1), 295–308. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-210330
  • Gyasi, R. M., Yeboah, A. A., Mensah, C. M., Ouedraogo, R., & Addae, E. A. (2019). Neighborhood, social isolation and mental health outcome among older people in Ghana. Journal of Affective Disorders, 259, 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.024
  • Hajek, A., Riedel-Heller, S. G., & König, H. H. (2020). Perceived social isolation and cognitive functioning. Longitudinal findings based on the German Ageing Survey. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35(3), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.5243
  • Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010). Loneliness matters: A theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 40(2), 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8
  • Holt-Lunstad, J. (2022). Social connection as a public health issue: The evidence and a systemic framework for prioritizing the "social" in social determinants of health. Annual Review of Public Health, 43(1), 193–213. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052020-110732
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Robles, T. F., & Sbarra, D. A. (2017). Advancing social connection as a public health priority in the United States. The American Psychologist, 72(6), 517–530. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000103
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352
  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
  • Hou, C., Lin, Y., Ren, M., Liu, M., Ma, Y., Li, H., Tao, L., Wang, W., Li, X., Fang, X., & Guo, X. (2018). Cognitive functioning transitions, health expectancies, and inequalities among elderly people in China: A nationwide longitudinal study. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(12), 1635–1644. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4966
  • Hou, C., Lin, Y., Zimmer, Z., & Fang, X. (2020). The association of healthy behaviors with cognitive health expectancy in Chinese older adults: A population-based cohort study. Aging (Albany NY), 12(17), 16999–17021. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.103617
  • Hou, C., Ma, Y., Yang, X., Tao, L., Zheng, D., Liu, X., Wang, X., Li, X., Wang, W., Fang, X., & Guo, X. (2019). Disability transitions and health expectancies among elderly people aged 65 years and over in China: A nationwide longitudinal study. Aging and Disease, 10(6), 1246–1257. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2019.0121
  • Jackson, C. (2011). Multi-state models for panel data: The msm package for R. Journal of Statistical Software, 38(8), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v038.i08
  • Jia, L., Du, Y., Chu, L., Zhang, Z., Li, F., Lyu, D., Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhu, M., Jiao, H., Song, Y., Shi, Y., Zhang, H., Gong, M., Wei, C., Tang, Y., Fang, B., Guo, D., Wang, F., … Group, C. (2020). Prevalence, risk factors, and management of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults aged 60 years or older in China: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet Public Health, 5(12), e661–e671. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30185-7
  • Lennartsson, C., Rehnberg, J., & Dahlberg, L. (2022). The association between loneliness, social isolation and all-cause mortality in a nationally representative sample of older women and men. Aging & Mental Health, 26(9), 1821–1828. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2021.1976723
  • Li, Y., Schoufour, J., Wang, D. D., Dhana, K., Pan, A., Liu, X., Song, M., Liu, G., Shin, H. J., Sun, Q., Al-Shaar, L., Wang, M., Rimm, E. B., Hertzmark, E., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Franco, O. H., & Hu, F. B. (2020). Healthy lifestyle and life expectancy free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes: Prospective cohort study. BMJ, 368, l6669. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6669
  • Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Brayne, C., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Costafreda, S. G., Dias, A., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Kivimäki, M., Larson, E. B., Ogunniyi, A., … Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
  • Naito, R., Leong, D. P., Bangdiwala, S. I., McKee, M., Subramanian, S. V., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Avezum, A., Yeates, K. E., Lear, S. A., Gupta, R., Yusufali, A., Dans, A. L., Szuba, A., Alhabib, K. F., Kaur, M., Rahman, O., Seron, P., Diaz, R., … Yusuf, S. (2021). Impact of social isolation on mortality and morbidity in 20 high-income, middle-income and low-income countries in five continents. BMJ Global Health, 6(3), e004124. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004124
  • National Academies of Sciences, E., and Medicine (NASEM). (2020). Social isolation and loneliness in older adults: Opportunities for the health care system. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25663
  • O’Doherty, M. G., Cairns, K., O’Neill, V., Lamrock, F., Jørgensen, T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Wilsgaard, T., Siganos, G., Kuulasmaa, K., Boffetta, P., Trichopoulou, A., & Kee, F. (2016). Effect of major lifestyle risk factors, independent and jointly, on life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease: Results from the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES). European Journal of Epidemiology, 31(5), 455–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0112-8
  • Parker, M., Bucknall, M., Jagger, C., & Wilkie, R. (2020). Population-based estimates of healthy working life expectancy in England at age 50 years: Analysis of data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The Lancet Public Health, 5(7), e395–e403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30114-6
  • Penninkilampi, R., Casey, A. N., Singh, M. F., & Brodaty, H. (2018). The association between social engagement, loneliness, and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 66(4), 1619–1633. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180439
  • Perissinotto, C. M., Stijacic Cenzer, I., & Covinsky, K. E. (2012). Loneliness in older persons: A predictor of functional decline and death. Archives of Internal Medicine, 172(14), 1078–1083. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.1993
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1981). Toward a social psychology of loneliness. Personal Relationships, 3, 31–56.
  • Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2001). Influences on loneliness in older adults: A meta-analysis. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 23(4), 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15324834BASP2304_2
  • Podcasy, J. L., & Epperson, C. N. (2016). Considering sex and gender in Alzheimer disease and other dementias. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 18(4), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2016.18.4/cepperson
  • Pressman, S. D., Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., Barkin, A., Rabin, B. S., & Treanor, J. J. (2005). Loneliness, social network size, and immune response to influenza vaccination in college freshmen. Health Psychology, 24(3), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.24.3.297
  • Rajan, K. B., Weuve, J., Barnes, L. L., McAninch, E. A., Wilson, R. S., & Evans, D. A. (2021). Population estimate of people with clinical Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment in the United States (2020-2060). Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association, 17(12), 1966–1975. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12362
  • Robertson, D. A., Savva, G. M., & Kenny, R. A. (2013). Frailty and cognitive impairment–A review of the evidence and causal mechanisms. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(4), 840–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2013.06.004
  • Rubin, D. B. (2004). Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys. (Vol. 81). John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sachdev, P. S. (2022). Social health, social reserve and dementia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 35(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000779
  • Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults. Health Psychology, 30(4), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022826
  • Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013). Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(15), 5797–5801. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219686110
  • Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., Luchetti, M., & Terracciano, A. (2020). Loneliness and risk of dementia. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(7), 1414–1422. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby112
  • Tabue Teguo, M., Simo-Tabue, N., Stoykova, R., Meillon, C., Cogne, M., Amiéva, H., & Dartigues, J. F. (2016). Feelings of loneliness and living alone as predictors of mortality in the elderly: The PAQUID study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 78(8), 904–909. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000386
  • van den Hout, A., Sum Chan, M., & Matthews, F. (2019). Estimation of life expectancies using continuous-time multi-state models. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 178, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.06.004
  • Ward, M., May, P., Normand, C., Kenny, R. A., & Nolan, A. (2021). Mortality risk associated with combinations of loneliness and social isolation. Findings from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Age and Ageing, 50(4), 1329–1335. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab004
  • White, I. R., Royston, P., & Wood, A. M. (2011). Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice. Statistics in Medicine, 30(4), 377–399. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4067
  • Wootton, R. E., Greenstone, H. S. R., Abdellaoui, A., Denys, D., Verweij, K. J. H., Munafò, M. R., & Treur, J. L. (2021). Bidirectional effects between loneliness, smoking and alcohol use: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study. Addiction, 116(2), 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15142
  • Xia, N., & Li, H. (2018). Loneliness, social isolation, and cardiovascular health. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, 28(9), 837–851. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2017.7312
  • Yang, F., Zhang, J., & Wang, J. (2018). Correlates of loneliness in older adults in Shanghai, China: Does age matter? BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 300. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0994-x
  • Yu, B., Steptoe, A., Chen, Y., & Jia, X. (2021). Social isolation, rather than loneliness, is associated with cognitive decline in older adults: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Psychological Medicine, 51(14), 2414–2421. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001014
  • Zhang, M. Y., Katzman, R., Salmon, D., Jin, H., Cai, G. J., Wang, Z. Y., Qu, G. Y., Grant, I., Yu, E., & Levy, P. &. (1990). The prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in Shanghai, China: Impact of age, gender, and education. Annals of Neurology, 27(4), 428–437. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410270412
  • Zhang, Z. (2006). Gender differentials in cognitive impairment and decline of the oldest old in China. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(2), S107–S115. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.2.S107
  • Zheng, L., Matthews, F. E., & Anstey, K. J. (2021). Cognitive health expectancies of cardiovascular risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia. Age and Ageing, 50(1), 169–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa111
  • Zhong, B. L., Chen, S. L., Tu, X., & Conwell, Y. (2017). Loneliness and cognitive function in older adults: Findings from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 72(1), 120–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw037

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.