Portuguese Citizens’ Support for Democracy: 40 Years after the Carnation Revolution

References

• Aarts, K. & Thomassen, J. (2008) ‘Satisfaction with democracy: do institutions matter?’, Electoral Studies, vol. 27, pp. 5–18.10.1016/j.electstud.2007.11.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J., Blais, A., Bowler, S., Donovan, T. & Listhaug, O. (2005) Losers' Consent, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.10.1093/0199276382.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J. & Guillory, C. A. (1997) ‘Political institutions and satisfaction with democracy: a cross-national analysis of consensus and majoritarian systems’, The American Political Science Review, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 66–81.10.2307/2952259
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, C. J. & Singer, M. M. (2008) ‘The sensitive left and the impervious right: multilevel models and the politics of inequality, ideology, and legitimacy in Europe’, Comparative Studies, vol. 41, no. 4–5, pp. 564–599.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, W. (2004) ‘Political institutions and satisfaction with democracy in sub-saharan Africa’, AfroBarometer, Working Paper no. 39.
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, H. D., Dutt, N. & Kornberg, A. (1993) ‘The political economy of attitudes toward polity and society in western european democracies’, The Journal of Politics, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 998–1021.10.2307/2131945
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curini, L., Jou, W. & Memoli, V. (2012) ‘Satisfaction with democracy and the winner-loser debate: the role of policy preferences and past experience’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 241–261.10.1017/S0007123411000275
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton, R. J. (2004) Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices, Oxford University Press, Oxford.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199268436.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Easton, D. (1975) ‘A re-assessment of the concept of political support’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 435–457.10.1017/S0007123400008309
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman, J. & Linde, J. (2005) ‘Communist nostalgia and the consolidation of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 354–374.10.1080/13523270500183512
   Google Scholar
• Evans, G. & Whitefield, S. (1995) ‘The politics and economics of democratic commitment: support for democracy in transition societies’, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 485–514.10.1017/S0007123400007328
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman, R. M. (2011) ‘Democratic practice after the revolution: the case of Portugal and beyond’, Politics and Society, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 233–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freire, A. (2003) ‘Desempenho da democracia, representação e reformas políticas: o caso português em perspectiva comparada’, Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas, vol. 43, pp. 133–160.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, A. (2015) ‘The condition of Portuguese democracy during the Troika’s intervention, 2011-2014: government-opposition, regime support & political trust’, Paper prepared for the 9th ECPR General Conference, Montreal, Canada, 26-29 August 2015; available online at: http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/d678b9e5-c73d-405e-9156-768125ed4ed9.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, D. & Klingemann, H.-D. (1990) ‘The left-right schema’, in Continuities in Political Action. A Longitudinal Study of Political Orientations in Three Western Democracies, eds M.K. Jennings et al., Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York, pp. 203-234.
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs, D. & Roller, E. (2006) ‘Learned democracy? Support of democracy in Central and Eastern Europe’, International Journal of Sociology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 70–96.10.2753/IJS0020-7659360303
   Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1990) The Consequences of Modernity, Polity Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar
• Gherghina, S. (2010) ‘Attitudes towards the communist past in five Central and Eastern European countries’, History of Communism in Europe: Politics of Memory in Post-Communist Europe, vol. 1, pp. 165–179.
   Google Scholar
• Gorbunova, E., Sanches, E. R. & Lobo, M. C. (2015) ‘A satisfação com a democracia e os fatores explicativos. Portugal no contexto europeu’, in Portugal Social em Mudança 2015, eds J. Ferrão & A. Delicado, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, Lisboa, pp. 9-17.
   Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2003) ‘Political culture: analyzing cross-level linkages’, Comparative Politics, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 61–79.10.2307/4150160
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglehart, R. & Welzel, C. (2005) Modernization, Cultural Change, and Democracy: The Human Development Sequence, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Jalali, C. (2009) ‘No meio está a virtude? As preferências e posições de eleitores e partidos nas legislativas de 2005’, in As Eleições Legislativas e Presidenciais 2005–2006 Campanhas e escolhas eleitorais num regime semipresidencial, eds M.C. Lobo & P. Magalhães, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais, Lisboa, pp. 155–182.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M. (2009) ‘Cross-national analyses of satisfaction with democracy and ideological congruence’, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 49–72.10.1080/17457280802568402
   Google Scholar
• Kittilson, M. C. & Scarrow, S. E. (2003) ‘Political parties and the rhetoric and realities of democratization’, in Democracy Transformed?, eds B.E. Cain, R.J. Dalton & S.E. Scarrow, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 59–80.10.1093/0199264996.001.0001
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, R. D., Curtis, J. E., Brown, S. D. & Kay, B. J. (1986) ‘Effects of identification with governing parties on feelings of political efficacy and trust’, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 19, pp. 705–728.10.1017/S0008423900055116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo, M. C., Pinto, A. C. & Magalhães, P. (2016) ‘Portuguese democratisation 40 years on: its meaning and enduring legacies’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 163–180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobo, M. C. & Magalhães, P. C. (2011) ‘Room for manoeuvre: euroscepticism in the Portuguese parties and electorate 1976–2005’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 81–104.10.1080/13608740903432375
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhães, P. C. (2005) ‘Disaffected democrats: political attitudes and political action in Portugal.’ West European Politics, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 973–991.10.1080/01402380500310626
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhães, P. C. (2014) ‘Government effectiveness and support for democracy’, European Journal of Political Research, vol. 53, pp. 77–97.10.1111/1475-6765.12024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magalhães, P. C., Lobo, M. C. & Gorbunova, E. (2014) ‘Significados e avaliações da democracia: as visões dos cidadãos e da classe política’, Boletim Atitudes Sociais dos Portugueses. vol 3, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Lisboa.
   Google Scholar
• Mishler, W. & Rose, R. (1994) ‘Support for parliaments and regimes in the transition toward democracy in Eastern Europe’, Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 5–32.10.2307/439797
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morlino, L. & Montero, J. R. (1995) ‘Legitimacy and democracy in Southern Europe’, in The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective, eds R. Gunther, P.N. Diamandouros & J.-J. Puhle, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 231–260.
   Google Scholar
• Norris, P. (2011) Democratic Deficit, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.10.1017/CBO9780511973383
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, J. S. & Sanches, E. R. (2014) ‘Portugal’, in Parties for Europe, Parties against Europe Party Attitudes Towards the EU in the Member States, ed N.Conti, Routledge, New York, pp. 115--132.
   Google Scholar
• Pharr, S. & Putnam, R., eds (2000) Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton University Press, Princeton.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto, A. C. (2006) ‘Authoritarian legacies, transitional justice and state crisis in Portugal’s democratization’, Democratization, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 173–204.10.1080/13510340500523895
   Google Scholar
• Polavieja, J. (2012) ‘The great recession: political trust, satisfaction with democracy and attitudes to welfare-state redistribution in Europe’, available online at: http://repec.imdea.org/pdf/imdea-wp2012-08.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schäfer, A. (2010) ‘Affluence, inequality and satisfaction with democracy’, The Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies. available online at: http://www.mpifg.de/people/as/downloads/Affluence_Inequality.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Teixeira, C. P., Tsatsanis, E. & Belchior, A. M. (2014) ‘Support for democracy in times of crisis: diffuse and specific regime support in Portugal and Greece’, South European Society and Politics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 501–518.10.1080/13608746.2014.975770
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torcal, M. & Lago, I. (2006) ‘Political participation, information, and accountability. Some consequences of political disaffection in new democracies’, in Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies. Social capital, institutions, and politics, eds M. Torcal & J.R. Montero, Routledge, London & New York, pp. 308–331.
   Google Scholar
• Torcal, M., & Magalhães, P. C. (2009) ‘Political culture in Southern Europe: searching for exceptionalism’, available online at: http://www.pedro-magalhaes.org/PDFs/PoliticalCultureinSouthernEuropemarc.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Torcal, M., & Montero, J. R. (2006) Political Disaffection in Contemporary Democracies: Social Capital, Institutions and Politics, Routledge, London & New York.
   Google Scholar