- Abelson , R.P. and Levi , A. 1985 . “ Decision making and decision theory ” . In The Handbook of Psychology , Edited by: Lindzey , G.H. and Aronson , E. Vol. 1 , 231 – 309 . New York : Random House .
- Ackermann , F. , Cropper , S. , Cook , J. and Eden , C . 1990 . Policy Development in the Public Sector an Experiment Working Paper No. 89/2, Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde .
- Ackoff , R.L. 1978 . The Art of Problem Solving , New York : Wiley .
- Arentze , T.A. , Borgers , A.W.J. and Timmermans , H.J.P. 1995 . The integration of expert knowledge in decision support systems for facility location planning . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 19 : 227 – 247 .
- Armstrong , M.P. 1993 . Perspectives on the development of group decision support systems for locational problem-solving . Geographical Systems , 1 : 69 – 81 .
- Armstrong , M.P. 1994 . Requirements for the development of CIS-based group decision-support systems . Journal of the American Society for Information Science , 45 : 669 – 677 .
- Armstrong , M.P , De , S. , Densham , RI , Lolonis , P. , Rushton , G. and Tewari , V.K. 1990 . A knowledge-based approach for supporting locational decision-making . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 17 : 341 – 364 .
- Armstrong , M.P. , Rushton , G. , Honey , R. , Dalziel , R , Lolonis , P. , De , S. and Densham , P. 1991 . Decision support for regionalization: A Spatial Decision Support System for regionalizing service delivery systems . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 15 : 37 – 53 .
- Ashby , W.R. 1958 . An Introduction to Cybernetics , London : Chapman Hall .
- Ayeni , B. 1997 . “ The design of Spatial Decision Support Systems in urban and regional planning ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 3 – 22 . London : E.F.N. Spon .
- Baecker , R.M. , ed. 1993 . Readings in Groupware and Computer-supported Cooperative Work; Assisting Human-Human Collaboration , San Mateo : Kaufmann .
- Batty , J.M. and Densham , P.J. 1996 . Decision support, GIS, and urban planning . Systemma Terra , V : 72 – 76 .
- Birkin , M. 1996 . “ Retail location modelling in GIS ” . In Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment , Edited by: Longley , P. and Batty , M. 207 – 225 . Cambridge : Geolnformation International .
- Brimicombe , A.J. 1992 . Emergency management update: flood risk assessment using Spatial Decision Support Systems . Simulation: Technical Journal of the Society for Computer Simulation , 59 : 379 – 383 .
- Carter , J.R. 1989 . “ On defining the Geographic Information System ” . In Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems: a Compendium , Edited by: Ripple , W.J. 3 – 7 . Falls Church, VA: : ASPRS/ACSM .
- Chalmers , M. 1993 . “ Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 377 – 390 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Checkland , P.B. 1981 . Systems Thinking, Systems Practice , Chichester : Wiley .
- Clarice , I. and Rowley , J. 1995 . A case for Spatial Decision Support Systems in retail location planning . International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management , 23 (3) : 4 – 10 .
- Conklin , J. and Begeman , M.L. 1988 . gIBIS: a hypertext tool for exploratory policy discussion . ACM Transactions on Information Systems , 6 (4) : 303 – 331 .
- Conklin , J. and Begeman , M.L. 1989 . gIBIS: A tool for all reasons . Journal of the American Society for Information Science , 40 (3) : 200 – 213 .
- Cooke , D.F. 1992 . Spatial Decision Support Systems: not just another GIS . Geo Info Systems , 2 (5) : 46 – 49 .
- Couclelis , H. 1998 . Worlds of information: the geographic metaphor in the visualization of complex information . Cartography and Geographic Information Systems , 25 (4) : 209 – 220 .
- Couclelis , H. and Monmonier , M. 1995 . Using SUSS to resolve NIMBY: how spatial understanding support systems can help with the 'not in my back yard' syndrome . Geographical Systems , 2 : 83 – 101 .
- Cropper , S. , Eden , C. and Ackermann , F. 1990 . Keeping sense of accounts using computer-based cognitive maps . Social Science Computer Review , 8 : 345 – 366 .
- Grassland , M.D. , Wynne , RE. and Perkins , WC. 1995 . Spatial Decision Support Systems: An overview of technology and a test of efficacy . Decision Support Systems , 14 : 219 – 236 .
- Davis , E. 1986 . Representing and Acquiring Geographic Knowledge. Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence , Los Altos : Kaufmann .
- De Man , W.H.E. 1988 . Establishing a geographical information system in relation to its use; a process of strategic choices . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 2 : 245 – 261 .
- Dennis , A.R. , George , IF , Jessup , L.M. , Nunamaker , IF and Vogel , D.R. 1988 . Information technology to support electronic meetings . MIS Quarterly , 12 : 591 – 624 .
- Densham , PJ . GIS as a decision support system . Use and Value of Geographic Information; Initiative 4 Specialist Meeting Summary Report and Proceedings . Buffalo. Edited by: Calkins , H.W , Onsrud , H.J. and Obermeyer , N.J. pp. 17 – 19 . National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Densham , P.J. 1991 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , D.J. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 403 – 412 . London : Longman .
- Densham , P.J. 1996 . “ Visual interactive locational analysis ” . In Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment , Edited by: Longley , R and Batty , M. 185 – 206 . Cambridge : Geolnformation International .
- Densham , P.J. and Goodchild , M.F. 1989 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems: a research agenda ” . In In: Proceedings of GISILIS '89 , 707 – 716 . Bethesda : ACSM .
- Densham , P.J. and Rushton , G. 1988 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems for locational planning ” . In Behavioural Modelling in Geography and Planning , Edited by: Golledge , R. and Timmermans , H. 56 – 90 . London : Croom-Helm .
- Densham , P.J. and Rushton , G. 1996 . Providing spatial decision support for rural public service facilities that require a minimum workload . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 23 : 553 – 574 .
- Densham , P.J , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 1995 . Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- DeSanctis , G. and Gallupe , R . 1987 . A foundation for the study of group decision support systems . Management Science , 33 : 589 – 609 .
- Dickson , G. , Lee , J. , Robinson , L. and Heath , R. Observations on GDSS interaction: chauffeured, facilitated and user-driven systems . Proceedings of the 22nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . Edited by: Nunamaker , J.F. Vol. 3 , pp. 337 – 343 . Los Alamitos : IEEE Computer Society Press .
- Downs , R.M. and Stea , D. , eds. 1973 . Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior , London : Arnold .
- Downs , R.M. and Stea , D. 1977 . Maps in Minds: Reflections on Cognitive Mapping , London : Harper Row .
- Easton , A. , Vogel , DR. and Nunamaker , J.F. 1992 . Interactive versus stand-alone group decision support systems for stakeholder identification and assumption surfacing in small groups . Decision Support Systems , 8 (2) : 159 – 168 .
- Eden , C. 1989 . “ Using cognitive mapping for strategic options development and analysis (SODA) ” . In Rational Analysis for a Problematic World , Edited by: Rosenhead , J. 21 – 41 . Chichester : Wiley .
- Eden , C. 1992 . A framework for thinking about Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) . Group Decision and Negotiation , 1 (3) : 199 – 218 .
- Eden , C. and Ackermann , F. 1992 . “ Strategy development and implementation--the role of a Group Decision Support System ” . In Computer Augmented Teamwork: a Guided Tour , Edited by: Kinney , S. , Bostrom , B. and Watson , R. 325 – 343 . New York : Van Nostrand .
- Eden , C , Ackermann , F. and Cropper , S. 1992 . On the nature of cause maps . Journal of Management Studies , 29 : 309 – 324 .
- Einhorn , H.J. and Hogarth , R.M. 1981 . Behavioral decision theory: processes of judgment and choice . Annual Review of Psychology , 32 : 53 – 88 .
- Enache , M. 1994a . “ Integrating GIS with DSS: a research agenda ” . In URISA 1994 Annual Conference Proceedings , Vol. I , 154 – 166 . Washingtonc, DC : Urban and Regional Information Systems Association .
- Enache , M. 1994b . “ GIS-ready decision support system ” . In URISA 1994 Annual Conference Proceedings , Vol. I , 206 – 218 . Washington, DC : Urban and Regional Information Systems Association .
- Etzioni , A. 1979 . Humble decision making . Harvard Business Review , Jury-August : 122 – 126 .
- Faber , B.G. , Wallace , W and Miller , R. Collaborative modeling for environmental decision making . Proceedings of the CIS '96 Tenth Annual Symposium on Geographic Information Systems . Vancouver, BC. GIS World . (CD-ROM publication; also available on the Internet: eclipse.ciesin.colostate.edu/pub/documents/GIS96PAP.pdf)
- Faber , B.C. , Wallace , W.W. , Croteau , K. , Thomas , V.L. and Small , L.R. Active response GIS: an architecture for interactive resource modeling . Proceedings of the GIS '97 Annual Symposium on Geographic Information Systems . Vancouver, BC. pp. 296 – 301 . GIS World .
- Faber , B.G. , Wallace , W. and Johnson , G.E. 1998 . Active Response GIS: for resource management Spatial Decision Support Systems . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 64 : 7 – 11 .
- Flood , R.L. 1990 . Liberating Systems Theory , New York : Plenum .
- Flood , R.L. and Carson , E.R. 1993 . Dealing with Complexity; an Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science , New York : Plenum .
- Flood , R.L. and Jackson , M.C. 1991 . Creative Problem Solving: Total Systems Intervention , Chichester : Wiley .
- Frank , A.U. and Mark , DM. 1991 . “ Language issues for Geographical Information Systems ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , DJ. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 147 – 163 . London : Longman .
- Freksa , C. 1991 . “ Qualitative spatial reasoning ” . In Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space , NATO Advanced Studies Institute Edited by: Mark , DM. and Frank , A.U. 361 – 371 . Dordrecht : KIuwer .
- Frysinger , S.P. 1995 . “ Collaborative environmental decision-making: an integrative approach ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 66 – 70 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Gordon , T.F. 1995 . “ Zeno: a WWW system for geographical mediation ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 77 – 90 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Gordon , T , Karacapilidis , N. , Voss , H. and Zauke , A. 1997 . “ Computer-mediated cooperative spatial planning ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 299 – 309 . London : E.F.N.Spon .
- Gottsegen , J. 1995 . “ Information use in the application of SDSS to land use planning debates ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 91 – 95 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Gould , R and White , R. 1974 . Mental Maps , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
- Grant , D. 1977 . How to use the IBIS as a procedure for deliberation and argument in environmental design planning . Design Methods and Theories , 11 (4) : 185 – 220 .
- Griffith , D.A. and Lea , A.C , eds. 1983 . Evolving Geographical Structures , The Hague : Nijhoff .
- Griffith , D.A. and MacKinnon , R.D. , eds. 1980 . Dynamic Spatial Models , The Hague : Nijhoff .
- Grimshaw , D.J. 1994 . Bringing Geographical Information Systems into Business , Harlow : Longman .
- Guarnieri , F. and Wybo , J.L. 1995 . Spatial decision support and information management application to wildland fire prevention; The WILFRIED System . Safety Science , 20 : 1 – 12 .
- Hearst , M. 1999 . “ User interfaces for information access systems ” . In Modern Information Retrieval , Edited by: Baeza-Yates , R. and Ribeiro-Neto , B. 257 – 324 . Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
- Hern ndez , D. 1993 . “ Maintaining qualitative spatial knowledge ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 36 – 53 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Hern ndez , D. 1994 . Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge , Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 804 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Hine , M.J. , Gasen , J.B. and Goul , M. 1996 . Emerging issues in interpretive organizational learning . The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems , 27 (3) : 49 – 61 .
- Honey , R. , Rushton , G , Lolonis , P. , Dalziel , B.T. , Armstrong , P. , De , S. and Densham , P.J. 1991 . Stages in the adoption of a Spatial Decision Support System for reorganizing service delivery regions . Environment and Planning C; Government Policy , 9 : 51 – 63 .
- Huxhold , W.E. and Levinsohn , A.G. 1995 . Managing Geographic Information Projects , New York : Oxford University Press .
- Jankowski , P. and Richard , L. 1994 . Integration of GIS-based suitability analysis and multicriteria evaluation in a Spatial Decision Support System for route selection . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 21 : 323 – 340 .
- Jankowski , P. , Nyerges , T.L. , Smith , A. , Moore , T.J. and Horvath , E. 1997 . Spatial group choice: a SDSS tool for collaborative spatial decision-making . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 : 577 – 602 .
- Jessup , L.M. and Valacich , J.S. , eds. 1993 . Group Support Systems; New Perspectives , New York : Macmillan .
- Johnston , D.M. 1995 . “ Collaborative spatial decision making ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 115 – 119 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Jones , R.M. , Copas , CV and Edmonds , E.A. 1997 . GIS support for distributed group-work in regional planning . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 : 53 – 71 .
- Keen , P.G.W. and Scott-Morton , M.S. 1978 . Decision Support Systems: an Organizational Perspective , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
- Kenis , D.G.A. 1995 . Improving Group Decisions: Designing and Testing Techniques for Group Decision Support Systems Applying Delphi Principles , Utrecht : Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen .
- Klein , G.A. , Orasanu , J. , Calderwood , R. and Zsambok , CE . 1993 . Decision Making in Action , Norwood : Ablex .
- Kolb , D.A. 1983 . “ Problem management: learning from experience ” . In The Executive Mind , Edited by: Srivastva , S. 109 – 143 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey Bass .
- Kremer , R. 1997 . Constraint Graphs: a Concept Map Meta-language , Alberta : University of Galgary . PhD dissertation(available at URL: http://sern.ucalgary.ca/~kremer/dissertation)
- Kuhn , W. Paradigms of GIS use . Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling . Columbia. pp. 91 – 103 . International Geographical Union .
- Kyhn , W. 1993 . “ Metaphors create theories for users ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 366 – 376 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Lang , E. , Carstensen , K.-U. and Simmons , G. 1991 . Modelling Spatial Knowledge on a Linguistic Basis: Theory. Prototype , Integration, Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 481 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Lemberg , D. 1995 . “ Position paper on collaborative spatial decision-making ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 9514 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 124 – 129 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Lipshitz , R. and Strauss , O. 1997 . Coping with uncertainty: a naturalistic decision making analysis . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 69 : 149 – 163 .
- Looijen , J. , Pelesikoti , N. and Staljanssens , M. 1995 . ICOMIS: A spatial multi-objective decision support system for coastal resource management . The ITC Journal , : 202 – 216 . 1995-3
- MacDonald , M.L. 1996 . A multi-attribute Spatial Decision Support System for solid waste planning. Computers . Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 1 – 18 .
- MacKinnon , A.J. and Wearing , A.J. 1980 . Complexity and decision making . Behavioral Science , 25 : 285 – 296 .
- Maguire , D.J. 1991 . “ An overview and definition of GIS ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , D.J. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 9 – 20 . London : Longman .
- Malczewski , J. 1996 . A GIS-based approach to multi-criteria group decision making . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 10 : 955 – 971 .
- Mark , D.M. 1990 . Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Space , Technical Paper 90-13 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Mark , D.M. and Frank , A.U. 1990 . Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space , NATO Advanced Studies Institute Dordrecht : Kluwer .
- Mark , D.M. , Egenhofer , M.J. and Hornsby , K. 1997 . Formal Models of Commonsense Geographic Worlds: Report on the Specialist Meeting of Research Initiative 21 , Technical Paper 97-2 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Mason , R.O. and Mitroff , I.I. 1981 . Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions , New York : Wiley .
- Mason , S.O. , Baltsavias , E.P. and Bishop , I. 1997 . Spatial Decision Support Systems for the management of informal settlements . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 21 : 189 – 208 .
- McGrath , J.E. and Hollingshead , A.B. 1994 . Groups Interacting with Technology. Ideas, Evidence, Issues, and an Agenda , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
- Mennecke , B.E. , Grassland , M.D. and Killingsworth , R . An experimental examination of Spatial Decision Support System effectiveness: the roles of task complexity and technology . Paper presented at the Association for Information Systems 1997 Americas Conference . Indianapolis, Indiana. (also available on the Internet; hsh.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac97/papers/mennecke.htm)
- Mintzberg , H. , Raisinghani , D. and Thrt , A. 1976 . The structure of unstructured decisions . Administrative Science Quarterly , 21 : 246 – 275 .
- Myers , B.A. 1990 . Taxonomies of visual programming and program visualization . Journal of Visual Languages and Computing , 1 (1) : 97 – 123 .
- Naesset , E. 1997 . A Spatial Decision Support System for long-term forest management planning by means of linear programming and a Geographical Information System . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 12 : 77 – 88 .
- Neale , M.A. and Bazerman , M.H. 1992 . Negotiator cognition and rationality: a behavioral decision theory perspective . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 51 : 157 – 175 .
- Nunamaker , J.F. , Briggs , R.O. , Mittleman , D , Vogel , D. and Balthazard , P. 1996 . Lessons from a dozen years of group support systems research: A discussion of lab and field . Journal of Management Information Systems , 13 : 163 – 207 .
- Papadias , D. and Egenhofer , M. 1995 . “ Qualitative collaborative planning in geographic space: some computational issues ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 147 – 153 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
- Payne , I.W , Bettman , J.R. and Johnson , E.J. 1990 . “ The adaptive decision maker: effort and accuracy in choice ” . In Insights in Decision Making: A Tribute to Hillel J. Einhorn , Edited by: Hogarth , R.M. 129 – 153 . Chicago, IL : The Chicago University Press .
- Payne , J.W , Bettman , J.R. and Johnson , E.J. 1992 . Behavioral decision research: a constructive processing perspective . Annual Review of Psychology , 43 : 87 – 131 .
- Pefia , W , Caudill , W and Focke , J. 1977 . Problem Seeking: an Architectural Programming Primer , Boston : Cahners .
- Peterson , K. 1993 . Spatial Decision Support Systems for real estate investment analysis . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 7 : 379 – 392 .
- Raper , J.F. 1998 . Multidimensional Geographies , London : Taylor Francis .
- Raper , J.F. and Livingstone , D. 1995 . Development of a geomorphological spatial model using object-oriented design . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 9 : 359 – 384 .
- Ratick , S.J. and Garriga , H.M. 1996 . Risk-based Spatial Decision Support System for maintenance dredging of navigation channels . Journal of Infrastructure Systems , 2 : 15 – 22 .
- Reitman , W.R. 1964 . “ Heuristic decision procedures, open constraints, and the structure of ill-defined problems ” . In Human Judgments and Optimality , Edited by: Shelly , M.V. and Bryan , GL. New York : Wiley .
- Reitsma , R.F. and Behrens , J.S. Integrated river basin management: a decision support approach . Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management . July 1991 , Oxford. Edited by: Klosterman , R.E. pp. 29 – 41 .
- Rittel , H.W.J. and Webber , M.M. 1973 . Dilemmas in a general theory of planning . Policy Sciences , 4 : 155 – 169 .
- Sanoff , H. 1977 . Methods of Architectural Programming , Stroudsburg : Dowden, Hutchinson Ross .
- Sanoff , H. 1978 . Designing with Community Participation , New York : Plenum .
- Sanoff , H. 1979 . Design Games , Los Altos, CA : Kaufmann .
- Sanoff , H. 1990 . Participatory Design: Theory and Techniques , Raleigh, NC : Author .
- Sanoff , H. 1992 . Integrating Programming, Evaluation and Participation in Design: A Theory Z Approach , Brookfield, VT : Asgate .
- Schon , D.A. 1979 . “ Generative metaphor a perspective on problem-setting in social policy ” . In Metaphor and Thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 254 – 283 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Sechrist , R.P. 1992 . Simulation of the spatial diffusion process . Computers Geosciences , 18 : 965 – 974 .
- Sikder , I.U. and Yasmin , N. Spatial Decision Support System for Locational Planning . Proceedings of the International Conference on Geo-information for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Enschede . August 17-21 1997 . (CD-ROM edn)
- Simon , H.A. 1960 . The New Science of Management Decision , New York : Harper Row .
- Skupin , A. and Buttenfield , B.P. 1996 . “ Spatial metaphors for visualizing very large data archives ” . In Proceedings GISILIS '96 Denver 607 – 617 .
- Skupin , A. and Buttenfield , B.P. Spatial metaphors for display of information spaces . Proceedings AUTOICARTO 13 . Seattle. pp. 116 – 125 .
- Smith , G.F. 1993 . Defining real world problems: a conceptual language . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics , 23 : 1220 – 1234 .
- Sprague , R.H. and Carlson , E.D. 1982 . Building Effective Decision Support Systems , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
- Srinivasan , R. and Engel , B.A. 1994 . A Spatial Decision Support System for assessing agricultural nonpoint source pollution . Water Resources Bulletin , 30 : 441 – 452 .
- Tversky , A. and Kahneman , D. 1981 . The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice . Science , 211 : 453 – 458 .
- Tversky , B. 1993 . “ Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models ” . In Spatial Information theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 14 – 24 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
- Van Deursen , W.P.A. 1995 . Geographical Information Systems and Dynamic Models: Development and Application of a Prototype Spatial Modelling Language , Nederlandse geografische studies 190 Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap .
- Vennix , J.A.M. 1996 . Group Model Building. Facilitating Team Learning Using System Dynamics , New York : Wiley .
- Vriens , D. and Smagt , A.G.M. van der . 1995 . “ Design for self-design ” . In Proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Research Seminar on Information and Decision Networks , Edited by: Lundberg , B. 54 – 70 . Vxj : Vxj University .
- Vriens , DJ. 1998 . Constructief beslissen , Delft : Eburon .
- Vriens , D.J. and Hendriks , P.H.J. 1997 . “ How to define problems: a systemic approach ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 23 – 33 . London : E.FN. Spon .
- Wang , F.S. , Richardson , A.J. and Roddick , FA. 1996 . SWIM--A computer model for solid waste integrated management . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 233 – 246 .
- White , R. and Engelen , C. 1997 . Cellular automata as the basis of integrated dynamic regional modelling . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 24 : 235 – 246 .
- Wise , J. , Thomas , J. , Pennock , K. , Lantrip , D. , Pettier , M. , Schur , A. and Crow , V. Visualizing the non-visual: spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents . Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 Symposium on Information Visualization . October 30-31 1995 , Atlanta. pp. 51 – 58 .
- Wyatt , R. 1996 . Editorial: Responsible decision support . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 225 – 232 .
- Yates , FE. 1978 . Complexities and the limits to knowledge . American Journal of Physiology , 4 : R201 – R204 .
- Zeisel , J. 1984 . Inquiry by Design , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Zhu , X. , Aspinall , R.J. and Healey , R.G. 1996 . ILUDSS: A knowledge-based Spatial Decision Support System for strategic land-use planning . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 15 : 279 – 302 .
- Zhu , X. , Healey , R.G. and Aspinall , R.J. 1998 . A knowledge-based systems approach to design of Spatial Decision Support System for environmental management . Environmental Management , 22 : 35 – 48 .
- Zimmermann , K. 1993 . “ Enhancing qualitative spatial reasoning-combining orientation and distance ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 69 – 76 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
From Geographical Information Systems to Spatial Group Decision Support Systems: A Complex Itinerary
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.