1
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

From Geographical Information Systems to Spatial Group Decision Support Systems: A Complex Itinerary

Pages 83-104 | Published online: 14 Jul 2010

  • Abelson , R.P. and Levi , A. 1985 . “ Decision making and decision theory ” . In The Handbook of Psychology , Edited by: Lindzey , G.H. and Aronson , E. Vol. 1 , 231 – 309 . New York : Random House .
  • Ackermann , F. , Cropper , S. , Cook , J. and Eden , C . 1990 . Policy Development in the Public Sector an Experiment Working Paper No. 89/2, Department of Management Science, University of Strathclyde .
  • Ackoff , R.L. 1978 . The Art of Problem Solving , New York : Wiley .
  • Arentze , T.A. , Borgers , A.W.J. and Timmermans , H.J.P. 1995 . The integration of expert knowledge in decision support systems for facility location planning . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 19 : 227 – 247 .
  • Armstrong , M.P. 1993 . Perspectives on the development of group decision support systems for locational problem-solving . Geographical Systems , 1 : 69 – 81 .
  • Armstrong , M.P. 1994 . Requirements for the development of CIS-based group decision-support systems . Journal of the American Society for Information Science , 45 : 669 – 677 .
  • Armstrong , M.P , De , S. , Densham , RI , Lolonis , P. , Rushton , G. and Tewari , V.K. 1990 . A knowledge-based approach for supporting locational decision-making . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 17 : 341 – 364 .
  • Armstrong , M.P. , Rushton , G. , Honey , R. , Dalziel , R , Lolonis , P. , De , S. and Densham , P. 1991 . Decision support for regionalization: A Spatial Decision Support System for regionalizing service delivery systems . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 15 : 37 – 53 .
  • Ashby , W.R. 1958 . An Introduction to Cybernetics , London : Chapman Hall .
  • Ayeni , B. 1997 . “ The design of Spatial Decision Support Systems in urban and regional planning ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 3 – 22 . London : E.F.N. Spon .
  • Baecker , R.M. , ed. 1993 . Readings in Groupware and Computer-supported Cooperative Work; Assisting Human-Human Collaboration , San Mateo : Kaufmann .
  • Batty , J.M. and Densham , P.J. 1996 . Decision support, GIS, and urban planning . Systemma Terra , V : 72 – 76 .
  • Birkin , M. 1996 . “ Retail location modelling in GIS ” . In Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment , Edited by: Longley , P. and Batty , M. 207 – 225 . Cambridge : Geolnformation International .
  • Brimicombe , A.J. 1992 . Emergency management update: flood risk assessment using Spatial Decision Support Systems . Simulation: Technical Journal of the Society for Computer Simulation , 59 : 379 – 383 .
  • Carter , J.R. 1989 . “ On defining the Geographic Information System ” . In Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems: a Compendium , Edited by: Ripple , W.J. 3 – 7 . Falls Church, VA: : ASPRS/ACSM .
  • Chalmers , M. 1993 . “ Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 377 – 390 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Checkland , P.B. 1981 . Systems Thinking, Systems Practice , Chichester : Wiley .
  • Clarice , I. and Rowley , J. 1995 . A case for Spatial Decision Support Systems in retail location planning . International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management , 23 (3) : 4 – 10 .
  • Conklin , J. and Begeman , M.L. 1988 . gIBIS: a hypertext tool for exploratory policy discussion . ACM Transactions on Information Systems , 6 (4) : 303 – 331 .
  • Conklin , J. and Begeman , M.L. 1989 . gIBIS: A tool for all reasons . Journal of the American Society for Information Science , 40 (3) : 200 – 213 .
  • Cooke , D.F. 1992 . Spatial Decision Support Systems: not just another GIS . Geo Info Systems , 2 (5) : 46 – 49 .
  • Couclelis , H. 1998 . Worlds of information: the geographic metaphor in the visualization of complex information . Cartography and Geographic Information Systems , 25 (4) : 209 – 220 .
  • Couclelis , H. and Monmonier , M. 1995 . Using SUSS to resolve NIMBY: how spatial understanding support systems can help with the 'not in my back yard' syndrome . Geographical Systems , 2 : 83 – 101 .
  • Cropper , S. , Eden , C. and Ackermann , F. 1990 . Keeping sense of accounts using computer-based cognitive maps . Social Science Computer Review , 8 : 345 – 366 .
  • Grassland , M.D. , Wynne , RE. and Perkins , WC. 1995 . Spatial Decision Support Systems: An overview of technology and a test of efficacy . Decision Support Systems , 14 : 219 – 236 .
  • Davis , E. 1986 . Representing and Acquiring Geographic Knowledge. Research Notes in Artificial Intelligence , Los Altos : Kaufmann .
  • De Man , W.H.E. 1988 . Establishing a geographical information system in relation to its use; a process of strategic choices . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 2 : 245 – 261 .
  • Dennis , A.R. , George , IF , Jessup , L.M. , Nunamaker , IF and Vogel , D.R. 1988 . Information technology to support electronic meetings . MIS Quarterly , 12 : 591 – 624 .
  • Densham , PJ . GIS as a decision support system . Use and Value of Geographic Information; Initiative 4 Specialist Meeting Summary Report and Proceedings . Buffalo. Edited by: Calkins , H.W , Onsrud , H.J. and Obermeyer , N.J. pp. 17 – 19 . National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Densham , P.J. 1991 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , D.J. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 403 – 412 . London : Longman .
  • Densham , P.J. 1996 . “ Visual interactive locational analysis ” . In Spatial Analysis: Modelling in a GIS Environment , Edited by: Longley , R and Batty , M. 185 – 206 . Cambridge : Geolnformation International .
  • Densham , P.J. and Goodchild , M.F. 1989 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems: a research agenda ” . In In: Proceedings of GISILIS '89 , 707 – 716 . Bethesda : ACSM .
  • Densham , P.J. and Rushton , G. 1988 . “ Spatial Decision Support Systems for locational planning ” . In Behavioural Modelling in Geography and Planning , Edited by: Golledge , R. and Timmermans , H. 56 – 90 . London : Croom-Helm .
  • Densham , P.J. and Rushton , G. 1996 . Providing spatial decision support for rural public service facilities that require a minimum workload . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 23 : 553 – 574 .
  • Densham , P.J , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 1995 . Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • DeSanctis , G. and Gallupe , R . 1987 . A foundation for the study of group decision support systems . Management Science , 33 : 589 – 609 .
  • Dickson , G. , Lee , J. , Robinson , L. and Heath , R. Observations on GDSS interaction: chauffeured, facilitated and user-driven systems . Proceedings of the 22nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . Edited by: Nunamaker , J.F. Vol. 3 , pp. 337 – 343 . Los Alamitos : IEEE Computer Society Press .
  • Downs , R.M. and Stea , D. , eds. 1973 . Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior , London : Arnold .
  • Downs , R.M. and Stea , D. 1977 . Maps in Minds: Reflections on Cognitive Mapping , London : Harper Row .
  • Easton , A. , Vogel , DR. and Nunamaker , J.F. 1992 . Interactive versus stand-alone group decision support systems for stakeholder identification and assumption surfacing in small groups . Decision Support Systems , 8 (2) : 159 – 168 .
  • Eden , C. 1989 . “ Using cognitive mapping for strategic options development and analysis (SODA) ” . In Rational Analysis for a Problematic World , Edited by: Rosenhead , J. 21 – 41 . Chichester : Wiley .
  • Eden , C. 1992 . A framework for thinking about Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) . Group Decision and Negotiation , 1 (3) : 199 – 218 .
  • Eden , C. and Ackermann , F. 1992 . “ Strategy development and implementation--the role of a Group Decision Support System ” . In Computer Augmented Teamwork: a Guided Tour , Edited by: Kinney , S. , Bostrom , B. and Watson , R. 325 – 343 . New York : Van Nostrand .
  • Eden , C , Ackermann , F. and Cropper , S. 1992 . On the nature of cause maps . Journal of Management Studies , 29 : 309 – 324 .
  • Einhorn , H.J. and Hogarth , R.M. 1981 . Behavioral decision theory: processes of judgment and choice . Annual Review of Psychology , 32 : 53 – 88 .
  • Enache , M. 1994a . “ Integrating GIS with DSS: a research agenda ” . In URISA 1994 Annual Conference Proceedings , Vol. I , 154 – 166 . Washingtonc, DC : Urban and Regional Information Systems Association .
  • Enache , M. 1994b . “ GIS-ready decision support system ” . In URISA 1994 Annual Conference Proceedings , Vol. I , 206 – 218 . Washington, DC : Urban and Regional Information Systems Association .
  • Etzioni , A. 1979 . Humble decision making . Harvard Business Review , Jury-August : 122 – 126 .
  • Faber , B.G. , Wallace , W and Miller , R. Collaborative modeling for environmental decision making . Proceedings of the CIS '96 Tenth Annual Symposium on Geographic Information Systems . Vancouver, BC. GIS World . (CD-ROM publication; also available on the Internet: eclipse.ciesin.colostate.edu/pub/documents/GIS96PAP.pdf)
  • Faber , B.C. , Wallace , W.W. , Croteau , K. , Thomas , V.L. and Small , L.R. Active response GIS: an architecture for interactive resource modeling . Proceedings of the GIS '97 Annual Symposium on Geographic Information Systems . Vancouver, BC. pp. 296 – 301 . GIS World .
  • Faber , B.G. , Wallace , W. and Johnson , G.E. 1998 . Active Response GIS: for resource management Spatial Decision Support Systems . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 64 : 7 – 11 .
  • Flood , R.L. 1990 . Liberating Systems Theory , New York : Plenum .
  • Flood , R.L. and Carson , E.R. 1993 . Dealing with Complexity; an Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science , New York : Plenum .
  • Flood , R.L. and Jackson , M.C. 1991 . Creative Problem Solving: Total Systems Intervention , Chichester : Wiley .
  • Frank , A.U. and Mark , DM. 1991 . “ Language issues for Geographical Information Systems ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , DJ. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 147 – 163 . London : Longman .
  • Freksa , C. 1991 . “ Qualitative spatial reasoning ” . In Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space , NATO Advanced Studies Institute Edited by: Mark , DM. and Frank , A.U. 361 – 371 . Dordrecht : KIuwer .
  • Frysinger , S.P. 1995 . “ Collaborative environmental decision-making: an integrative approach ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 66 – 70 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Gordon , T.F. 1995 . “ Zeno: a WWW system for geographical mediation ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 77 – 90 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Gordon , T , Karacapilidis , N. , Voss , H. and Zauke , A. 1997 . “ Computer-mediated cooperative spatial planning ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 299 – 309 . London : E.F.N.Spon .
  • Gottsegen , J. 1995 . “ Information use in the application of SDSS to land use planning debates ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 91 – 95 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Gould , R and White , R. 1974 . Mental Maps , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
  • Grant , D. 1977 . How to use the IBIS as a procedure for deliberation and argument in environmental design planning . Design Methods and Theories , 11 (4) : 185 – 220 .
  • Griffith , D.A. and Lea , A.C , eds. 1983 . Evolving Geographical Structures , The Hague : Nijhoff .
  • Griffith , D.A. and MacKinnon , R.D. , eds. 1980 . Dynamic Spatial Models , The Hague : Nijhoff .
  • Grimshaw , D.J. 1994 . Bringing Geographical Information Systems into Business , Harlow : Longman .
  • Guarnieri , F. and Wybo , J.L. 1995 . Spatial decision support and information management application to wildland fire prevention; The WILFRIED System . Safety Science , 20 : 1 – 12 .
  • Hearst , M. 1999 . “ User interfaces for information access systems ” . In Modern Information Retrieval , Edited by: Baeza-Yates , R. and Ribeiro-Neto , B. 257 – 324 . Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
  • Hern ndez , D. 1993 . “ Maintaining qualitative spatial knowledge ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 36 – 53 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Hern ndez , D. 1994 . Qualitative Representation of Spatial Knowledge , Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 804 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Hine , M.J. , Gasen , J.B. and Goul , M. 1996 . Emerging issues in interpretive organizational learning . The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems , 27 (3) : 49 – 61 .
  • Honey , R. , Rushton , G , Lolonis , P. , Dalziel , B.T. , Armstrong , P. , De , S. and Densham , P.J. 1991 . Stages in the adoption of a Spatial Decision Support System for reorganizing service delivery regions . Environment and Planning C; Government Policy , 9 : 51 – 63 .
  • Huxhold , W.E. and Levinsohn , A.G. 1995 . Managing Geographic Information Projects , New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Jankowski , P. and Richard , L. 1994 . Integration of GIS-based suitability analysis and multicriteria evaluation in a Spatial Decision Support System for route selection . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 21 : 323 – 340 .
  • Jankowski , P. , Nyerges , T.L. , Smith , A. , Moore , T.J. and Horvath , E. 1997 . Spatial group choice: a SDSS tool for collaborative spatial decision-making . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 : 577 – 602 .
  • Jessup , L.M. and Valacich , J.S. , eds. 1993 . Group Support Systems; New Perspectives , New York : Macmillan .
  • Johnston , D.M. 1995 . “ Collaborative spatial decision making ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 115 – 119 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Jones , R.M. , Copas , CV and Edmonds , E.A. 1997 . GIS support for distributed group-work in regional planning . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 : 53 – 71 .
  • Keen , P.G.W. and Scott-Morton , M.S. 1978 . Decision Support Systems: an Organizational Perspective , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
  • Kenis , D.G.A. 1995 . Improving Group Decisions: Designing and Testing Techniques for Group Decision Support Systems Applying Delphi Principles , Utrecht : Universiteit Utrecht, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen .
  • Klein , G.A. , Orasanu , J. , Calderwood , R. and Zsambok , CE . 1993 . Decision Making in Action , Norwood : Ablex .
  • Kolb , D.A. 1983 . “ Problem management: learning from experience ” . In The Executive Mind , Edited by: Srivastva , S. 109 – 143 . San Francisco, CA : Jossey Bass .
  • Kremer , R. 1997 . Constraint Graphs: a Concept Map Meta-language , Alberta : University of Galgary . PhD dissertation(available at URL: http://sern.ucalgary.ca/~kremer/dissertation)
  • Kuhn , W. Paradigms of GIS use . Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling . Columbia. pp. 91 – 103 . International Geographical Union .
  • Kyhn , W. 1993 . “ Metaphors create theories for users ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 366 – 376 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Lang , E. , Carstensen , K.-U. and Simmons , G. 1991 . Modelling Spatial Knowledge on a Linguistic Basis: Theory. Prototype , Integration, Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 481 Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Lemberg , D. 1995 . “ Position paper on collaborative spatial decision-making ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 9514 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.R and Kemp , K.K. 124 – 129 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Lipshitz , R. and Strauss , O. 1997 . Coping with uncertainty: a naturalistic decision making analysis . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 69 : 149 – 163 .
  • Looijen , J. , Pelesikoti , N. and Staljanssens , M. 1995 . ICOMIS: A spatial multi-objective decision support system for coastal resource management . The ITC Journal , : 202 – 216 . 1995-3
  • MacDonald , M.L. 1996 . A multi-attribute Spatial Decision Support System for solid waste planning. Computers . Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 1 – 18 .
  • MacKinnon , A.J. and Wearing , A.J. 1980 . Complexity and decision making . Behavioral Science , 25 : 285 – 296 .
  • Maguire , D.J. 1991 . “ An overview and definition of GIS ” . In Geographical Information Systems; Principles and Applications , Edited by: Maguire , D.J. , Goodchild , M.F. and Rhind , D.W. 9 – 20 . London : Longman .
  • Malczewski , J. 1996 . A GIS-based approach to multi-criteria group decision making . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 10 : 955 – 971 .
  • Mark , D.M. 1990 . Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Space , Technical Paper 90-13 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Mark , D.M. and Frank , A.U. 1990 . Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space , NATO Advanced Studies Institute Dordrecht : Kluwer .
  • Mark , D.M. , Egenhofer , M.J. and Hornsby , K. 1997 . Formal Models of Commonsense Geographic Worlds: Report on the Specialist Meeting of Research Initiative 21 , Technical Paper 97-2 Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Mason , R.O. and Mitroff , I.I. 1981 . Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions , New York : Wiley .
  • Mason , S.O. , Baltsavias , E.P. and Bishop , I. 1997 . Spatial Decision Support Systems for the management of informal settlements . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 21 : 189 – 208 .
  • McGrath , J.E. and Hollingshead , A.B. 1994 . Groups Interacting with Technology. Ideas, Evidence, Issues, and an Agenda , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
  • Mennecke , B.E. , Grassland , M.D. and Killingsworth , R . An experimental examination of Spatial Decision Support System effectiveness: the roles of task complexity and technology . Paper presented at the Association for Information Systems 1997 Americas Conference . Indianapolis, Indiana. (also available on the Internet; hsh.baylor.edu/ramsower/ais.ac97/papers/mennecke.htm)
  • Mintzberg , H. , Raisinghani , D. and Thrt , A. 1976 . The structure of unstructured decisions . Administrative Science Quarterly , 21 : 246 – 275 .
  • Myers , B.A. 1990 . Taxonomies of visual programming and program visualization . Journal of Visual Languages and Computing , 1 (1) : 97 – 123 .
  • Naesset , E. 1997 . A Spatial Decision Support System for long-term forest management planning by means of linear programming and a Geographical Information System . Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , 12 : 77 – 88 .
  • Neale , M.A. and Bazerman , M.H. 1992 . Negotiator cognition and rationality: a behavioral decision theory perspective . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 51 : 157 – 175 .
  • Nunamaker , J.F. , Briggs , R.O. , Mittleman , D , Vogel , D. and Balthazard , P. 1996 . Lessons from a dozen years of group support systems research: A discussion of lab and field . Journal of Management Information Systems , 13 : 163 – 207 .
  • Papadias , D. and Egenhofer , M. 1995 . “ Qualitative collaborative planning in geographic space: some computational issues ” . In Collaborative Spatial Decision Making , NCGIA Technical Paper 95-14 Edited by: Densham , P.J. , Armstrong , M.P. and Kemp , K.K. 147 – 153 . Santa Barbara, CA : National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis .
  • Payne , I.W , Bettman , J.R. and Johnson , E.J. 1990 . “ The adaptive decision maker: effort and accuracy in choice ” . In Insights in Decision Making: A Tribute to Hillel J. Einhorn , Edited by: Hogarth , R.M. 129 – 153 . Chicago, IL : The Chicago University Press .
  • Payne , J.W , Bettman , J.R. and Johnson , E.J. 1992 . Behavioral decision research: a constructive processing perspective . Annual Review of Psychology , 43 : 87 – 131 .
  • Pefia , W , Caudill , W and Focke , J. 1977 . Problem Seeking: an Architectural Programming Primer , Boston : Cahners .
  • Peterson , K. 1993 . Spatial Decision Support Systems for real estate investment analysis . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 7 : 379 – 392 .
  • Raper , J.F. 1998 . Multidimensional Geographies , London : Taylor Francis .
  • Raper , J.F. and Livingstone , D. 1995 . Development of a geomorphological spatial model using object-oriented design . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 9 : 359 – 384 .
  • Ratick , S.J. and Garriga , H.M. 1996 . Risk-based Spatial Decision Support System for maintenance dredging of navigation channels . Journal of Infrastructure Systems , 2 : 15 – 22 .
  • Reitman , W.R. 1964 . “ Heuristic decision procedures, open constraints, and the structure of ill-defined problems ” . In Human Judgments and Optimality , Edited by: Shelly , M.V. and Bryan , GL. New York : Wiley .
  • Reitsma , R.F. and Behrens , J.S. Integrated river basin management: a decision support approach . Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management . July 1991 , Oxford. Edited by: Klosterman , R.E. pp. 29 – 41 .
  • Rittel , H.W.J. and Webber , M.M. 1973 . Dilemmas in a general theory of planning . Policy Sciences , 4 : 155 – 169 .
  • Sanoff , H. 1977 . Methods of Architectural Programming , Stroudsburg : Dowden, Hutchinson Ross .
  • Sanoff , H. 1978 . Designing with Community Participation , New York : Plenum .
  • Sanoff , H. 1979 . Design Games , Los Altos, CA : Kaufmann .
  • Sanoff , H. 1990 . Participatory Design: Theory and Techniques , Raleigh, NC : Author .
  • Sanoff , H. 1992 . Integrating Programming, Evaluation and Participation in Design: A Theory Z Approach , Brookfield, VT : Asgate .
  • Schon , D.A. 1979 . “ Generative metaphor a perspective on problem-setting in social policy ” . In Metaphor and Thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 254 – 283 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Sechrist , R.P. 1992 . Simulation of the spatial diffusion process . Computers Geosciences , 18 : 965 – 974 .
  • Sikder , I.U. and Yasmin , N. Spatial Decision Support System for Locational Planning . Proceedings of the International Conference on Geo-information for Sustainable Land Management (SLM) Enschede . August 17-21 1997 . (CD-ROM edn)
  • Simon , H.A. 1960 . The New Science of Management Decision , New York : Harper Row .
  • Skupin , A. and Buttenfield , B.P. 1996 . “ Spatial metaphors for visualizing very large data archives ” . In Proceedings GISILIS '96 Denver 607 – 617 .
  • Skupin , A. and Buttenfield , B.P. Spatial metaphors for display of information spaces . Proceedings AUTOICARTO 13 . Seattle. pp. 116 – 125 .
  • Smith , G.F. 1993 . Defining real world problems: a conceptual language . IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics , 23 : 1220 – 1234 .
  • Sprague , R.H. and Carlson , E.D. 1982 . Building Effective Decision Support Systems , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Srinivasan , R. and Engel , B.A. 1994 . A Spatial Decision Support System for assessing agricultural nonpoint source pollution . Water Resources Bulletin , 30 : 441 – 452 .
  • Tversky , A. and Kahneman , D. 1981 . The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice . Science , 211 : 453 – 458 .
  • Tversky , B. 1993 . “ Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models ” . In Spatial Information theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 14 – 24 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Van Deursen , W.P.A. 1995 . Geographical Information Systems and Dynamic Models: Development and Application of a Prototype Spatial Modelling Language , Nederlandse geografische studies 190 Utrecht : Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap .
  • Vennix , J.A.M. 1996 . Group Model Building. Facilitating Team Learning Using System Dynamics , New York : Wiley .
  • Vriens , D. and Smagt , A.G.M. van der . 1995 . “ Design for self-design ” . In Proceedings of the Second Scandinavian Research Seminar on Information and Decision Networks , Edited by: Lundberg , B. 54 – 70 . Vxj : Vxj University .
  • Vriens , DJ. 1998 . Constructief beslissen , Delft : Eburon .
  • Vriens , D.J. and Hendriks , P.H.J. 1997 . “ How to define problems: a systemic approach ” . In Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning , Edited by: Timmermans , H. 23 – 33 . London : E.FN. Spon .
  • Wang , F.S. , Richardson , A.J. and Roddick , FA. 1996 . SWIM--A computer model for solid waste integrated management . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 233 – 246 .
  • White , R. and Engelen , C. 1997 . Cellular automata as the basis of integrated dynamic regional modelling . Environment and Planning B; Planning and Design , 24 : 235 – 246 .
  • Wise , J. , Thomas , J. , Pennock , K. , Lantrip , D. , Pettier , M. , Schur , A. and Crow , V. Visualizing the non-visual: spatial analysis and interaction with information from text documents . Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 Symposium on Information Visualization . October 30-31 1995 , Atlanta. pp. 51 – 58 .
  • Wyatt , R. 1996 . Editorial: Responsible decision support . Computers, Environment and Urban Systems , 20 : 225 – 232 .
  • Yates , FE. 1978 . Complexities and the limits to knowledge . American Journal of Physiology , 4 : R201 – R204 .
  • Zeisel , J. 1984 . Inquiry by Design , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Zhu , X. , Aspinall , R.J. and Healey , R.G. 1996 . ILUDSS: A knowledge-based Spatial Decision Support System for strategic land-use planning . Computers and Electronics in Agriculture , 15 : 279 – 302 .
  • Zhu , X. , Healey , R.G. and Aspinall , R.J. 1998 . A knowledge-based systems approach to design of Spatial Decision Support System for environmental management . Environmental Management , 22 : 35 – 48 .
  • Zimmermann , K. 1993 . “ Enhancing qualitative spatial reasoning-combining orientation and distance ” . In Spatial Information Theory: a Theoretical Basis for GIS , Lecture Notes in Computer Science No. 716 Edited by: Frank , A.U. and Campari , I. 69 – 76 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.