Adaptation and preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the gratitude/awe questionnaire (GrAw-7)

References

• Algoe, S. B., and J. Haidt. 2009. “Witnessing Excellence in Action: The ‘other-praising’emotions of Elevation, Gratitude, and Admiration.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 4 (2): 105–127. doi:10.1080/17439760802650519.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, M. Y., and S. N. Arpin. 2019. “Gratitude and Loneliness: Enhancing Health and well-being in Older Adults.” Research on Aging 41 (8): 772–793. doi:10.1177/0164027519845354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett, M. Y., and D. DeSteno. 2006. “Gratitude and Prosocial Behavior: Helping When It Costs You.” Psychological Science 17 (4): 319–325. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01705.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bono, G., R. A. Emmons, and M. E. McCullough. 2004. “Gratitude in Practice and the Practice of Gratitude.” Positive Psychology in Practice 464–481. doi:10.1002/9780470939338.
   Google Scholar
• Buote, V. 2014. Gratitude at Work: Its Impact on Job Satisfaction & Sense of Community. Kitchener: Plasticity Labs.
   Google Scholar
• Büssing, A. 2010. “Spirituality as a Resource to Rely on in Chronic Illness: The SpREUK Questionnaire.” Religions 1 (1): 9–17. doi:10.3390/rel1010009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A. 2020. “Ehrfurcht/Dankbarkeit Als Säkulare Form der Spiritualität Bei Jungen Erwachsenen Und Ordens-Christen: Awe/gratitude as a Secular Form of Spirituality in Young Adults and Members of Religious Order.” Spiritual Care 9 (1): 3–11. doi:10.1515/spircare-2019-0057.
   Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., K. Franczak, and J. Surzykiewicz. 2014. “Frequency of Spiritual/Religious Practices in Polish Patients with Chronic Diseases: Validation of the Polish Version of the SpREUK-P Questionnaire.” Religions 5 (2): 459–476. doi:10.3390/rel5020459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., J. Hübner, S. Walter, W. Gießler, and J. Büntzel. 2020a. “Tumor Patients’ Perceived Changes of Specific Attitudes, Perceptions, and Behaviors Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Relation to Reduced Wellbeing.” Frontiers in Psychiatry 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., D. R. Recchia, and K. Baumann. 2018. “Validation of the gratitude/awe Questionnaire and Its Association with Disposition of Gratefulness.” Religions 9 (4): 117. doi:10.3390/rel9040117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., D. R. Recchia, R. Hein, and T. Dienberg. 2020b. “Perceived Changes of Specific Attitudes, Perceptions and Behaviors during the Corona Pandemic and Their Relation to Wellbeing.” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 18 (1): 1–17. doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01623-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., S. Winter, and K. Baumann. 2020. “Perception of Religious Brothers and Sisters and Lay Persons that Prayers Go Unanswered Is a Matter of Perceived Distance from God.” Religions 11 (4): 178. doi:10.3390/rel11040178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Büssing, A., A. G. Wirth, F. Reiser, A. Zahn, K. Humbroich, K. Gerbershagen, S. Schimrigk, M. Haupts, N. C. Hvidt, and K. Baumann. 2014. “Experience of Gratitude, Awe and Beauty in Life among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Psychiatric Disorders.” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 12 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-63.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. M. 2016. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming. 3rd ed. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, L. H. 2013. “Gratitude and Adolescent Athletes’ well-being: The Multiple Mediating Roles of Perceived Social Support from Coaches and Teammates.” Social Indicators Research 114 (2): 273–285. doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0145-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, L. H., and Y. H. Kee. 2008. “Gratitude and Adolescent Athletes’ well-being.” Social Indicators Research 89 (2): 361–373. doi:10.1007/s11205-008-9237-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirico, A., and D. B. Yaden. 2018. “Awe: A self-transcendent and Sometimes Transformative Emotion.” In The Function of Emotions, edited by H. Lench, 221–233. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77619-4_11.
   Google Scholar
• Cunha, L. F., L. C. Pellanda, and C. T. Reppold. 2019. “Positive Psychology and Gratitude Interventions: A Randomized Clinical Trial.” Frontiers in Psychology 10: 584. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00584.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons, R. A. 2004. The Psychology of Gratitude. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Emmons, R. A., J. Froh, and R. Rose. 2019. “Gratitude.” In Positive Psychological Assessment: A Handbook of Models and Measures, edited by M. W. Gallagher and S. J. Lopez, 317–332. Washington: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/0000138-020.
   Google Scholar
• Emmons, R. A., and T. T. Kneezel. 2005. “Giving Thanks: Spiritual and Religious.” Journal of Psychology and Christianity 24 (2): 140–148.
   Google Scholar
• Fagley, N. S. 2012. “Appreciation Uniquely Predicts Life Satisfaction above Demographics, the Big 5 Personality Factors, and Gratitude.” Personality and Individual Differences 53 (1): 59–63. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.02.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogarty, C. T. 2020. “Compassion, Gratitude and Awe: The Role of pro-social Emotions in Training Physicians for Relational Competence.” The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 55 (5): 314–320. doi:10.1177/0091217420952223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredrickson, B. L. 2001. “The Role of Positive Emotions in Positive Psychology: The broaden-and-build Theory of Positive Emotions.” American Psychologist 56 (3): 218. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froh, J. J., G. Bono, J. Fan, R. A. Emmons, K. Henderson, C. Harris, H. Leggio, and A. M. Wood. 2014. “Nice Thinking! An Educational Intervention that Teaches Children to Think Gratefully.” School Psychology Review 43 (2): 132–152. doi:10.1080/02796015.2014.12087440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froh, J. J., R. A. Emmons, N. A. Card, G. Bono, and J. A. Wilson. 2011. “Gratitude and the Reduced Costs of Materialism in Adolescents.” Journal of Happiness Studies 12 (2): 289–302. doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9195-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant, A. M., and F. Gino. 2010. “A Little Thanks Goes A Long Way: Explaining Why Gratitude Expressions Motivate Prosocial Behavior.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 98 (6): 946. doi:10.1037/a0017935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griskevicius, V., M. N. Shiota, and S. L. Neufeld. 2010. “Influence of Different Positive Emotions on Persuasion Processing: A Functional Evolutionary Approach.” Emotion 10 (2): 190. doi:10.1037/a0018421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruszecka, E. 2015. “Appreciating Gratitude: Is Gratitude an Amplifier of well-being?” Polish Psychological Bulletin 46 (2): 186–196. doi:10.1515/ppb-2015-0025.
   Google Scholar
• Hlava, P., J. Elfers, and R. Offringa. 2014. “A Transcendent View of Gratitude: The Transpersonal Gratitude Scale.” International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 33 (1): 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6 (1): 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juczyński, Z. 2012. Narzędzia Pomiaru w Promocji i Psychologii Zdrowia. Warszawa: Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych
   Google Scholar
• Keltner, D., and J. Haidt. 2003. “Approaching Awe, a Moral, Spiritual, and Aesthetic Emotion.” Cognition and Emotion 17 (2): 297–314. doi:10.1080/02699930302297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, D. C., N. L. Lopez, S. L. Olson, and A. J. Sameroff. 2004. “Parental Discipline and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Early Childhood: The Roles of Moral Regulation and Child Gender.” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 32 (4): 369–383. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000030291.72775.96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline, R. B. 2015. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. New York: Guilford Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, H. G., and F. Al Zaben. 2021. “Psychometric Validation and Translation of Religious and Spiritual Measures.” Journal of Religion and Health 60 (5): 3467–3483. doi:10.1007/s10943-021-01373-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kossakowska, M., and P. Kwiatek. 2014. “The Polish Adaptation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ–6).” Przegląd Psychologiczny 57: 503–514.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., and V. Dixit. 2014. “Forgiveness, Gratitude and Resilience among Indian Youth.” Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing 5 (12).
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, N. M., F. D. Fincham, T. F. Stillman, and L. R. Dean. 2009. “More Gratitude, Less Materialism: The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction.” The Journal of Positive Psychology 4 (1): 32–42. doi:10.1080/17439760802216311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langher, V., A. Caputo, V. Nannini, and M. Sturiale. 2016. “Gratitude and Envy: Implication for Career Development.” Psychology of Gratitude: New Research 75–96.
   Google Scholar
• Maslow, A. H. 2013. Toward a Psychology of Being. New York: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, L. K., R. J. Tunney, and E. Ferguson. 2017. “Does Gratitude Enhance Prosociality?: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Psychological Bulletin 143 (6): 601. doi:10.1037/bul0000103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., R. A. Emmons, and J.-A. Tsang. 2002. “The Grateful Disposition: A Conceptual and Empirical Topography.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (1): 112. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough, M. E., S. D. Kilpatrick, R. A. Emmons, and D. B. Larson. 2001. “Is Gratitude a Moral Affect?” Psychological Bulletin 127 (2): 249. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.2.249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon, H., and M. Jung. 2020. “The Relationship between a Disposition of Gratitude, Clinical Stress, and Clinical Satisfaction in Nursing Students.” Perspectives in Psychiatric Care 56 (4): 768–776. doi:10.1111/ppc.12491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nai, Z. L. 2017. Benefits and Burdens: The Role of Trait Gratitude in Positive and Negative Exchanges in Friendships. Singapore: Singapore Management University.
   Google Scholar
• Neto, F. 2007. “Forgiveness, Personality and Gratitude.” Personality and Individual Differences 43 (8): 2313–2323. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.07.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otto, A. K., E. C. Szczesny, E. C. Soriano, J.-P. Laurenceau, and S. D. Siegel. 2016. “Effects of a Randomized Gratitude Intervention on Death-Related Fear of Recurrence in Breast Cancer Survivors.” Health Psychology 35 (12): 1320. doi:10.1037/hea0000400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearsall, P. 2007. Awe: The Delights and Dangers of Our Eleventh Emotion. Deerfield Beach, Fla: Health Communications.
   Google Scholar
• Petrocchi, N., and A. Couyoumdjian. 2016. “The Impact of Gratitude on Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Criticizing, Attacking, and Reassuring the Self.” Self and Identity 15 (2): 191–205. doi:10.1080/15298868.2015.1095794.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piotrowski, J., K. Skrzypińska, and M. Żemojtel-Piotrowska. 2019. “The Scale of Spiritual Transcendence: Construction and Validation.” Roczniki Psychologiczne 16 (3): 469–485.
   Google Scholar
• Polak, E. L., and M. E. McCullough. 2006. “Is Gratitude an Alternative to Materialism?” Journal of Happiness Studies 7 (3): 343. doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3649-5.
   Google Scholar
• Rey, L., and N. Extremera. 2014. “Positive Psychological Characteristics and Interpersonal Forgiveness: Identifying the Unique Contribution of Emotional Intelligence Abilities, Big Five Traits, Gratitude and Optimism.” Personality and Individual Differences 68: 199–204. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.04.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RosmaRin, D. H., E. J. KRumREi, and K. I. Pargament. 2010. “Are Gratitude and Spirituality Protective Factors against Psychopathology?” International Journal of Existential Positive Psychology 3 (1).
   Google Scholar
• Salces-Cubero, I. M., E. Ramírez-Fernández, and A. R. Ortega-Martínez. 2019. “Strengths in Older Adults: Differential Effect of Savoring, Gratitude and Optimism on well-being.” Aging & Mental Health 23 (8): 1017–1024. doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1471585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiota, M. N., D. Keltner, and A. Mossman. 2007. “The Nature of Awe: Elicitors, Appraisals, and Effects on self-concept.” Cognition and Emotion 21 (5): 944–963. doi:10.1080/02699930600923668.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silvia, P. J., K. Fayn, E. C. Nusbaum, and R. E. Beaty. 2015. “Openness to Experience and Awe in Response to Nature and Music: Personality and Profound Aesthetic Experiences.” Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 9 (4): 376. doi:10.1037/aca0000028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, B., S. Salve, and R. S. Mhaske. 2018. “Does Personality, Gratitude and Passionate Love Makes Youth Compassionate?” Journal of Psychosocial Research 13 (1): 245–254. doi:10.32381/JPR.2018.13.01.24.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. A., and P. C. Ellsworth. 1985. “Patterns of Cognitive Appraisal in Emotion.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48 (4): 813. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stellar, J. E., A. M. Gordon, P. K. Piff, D. Cordaro, C. L. Anderson, Y. Bai, L. A. Maruskin, and D. Keltner. 2017. “Self-transcendent Emotions and Their Social Functions: Compassion, Gratitude, and Awe Bind Us to Others through Prosociality.” Emotion Review 9 (3): 200–207. doi:10.1177/1754073916684557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoeckel, M., C. Weissbrod, and A. Ahrens. 2015. “The Adolescent Response to Parental Illness: The Influence of Dispositional Gratitude.” Journal of Child and Family Studies 24 (5): 1501–1509. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9955-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surzykiewicz, J., K. Konaszewski, and G. Wagnild. 2019. “Polish Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): A Validity and Reliability Study in Three Samples.” Frontiers in Psychology 9: 2762. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tugade, M. M., B. L. Fredrickson, and L. Feldman Barrett. 2004. “Psychological Resilience and Positive Emotional Granularity: Examining the Benefits of Positive Emotions on Coping and Health.” Journal of Personality 72 (6): 1161–1190. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00294.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon, L. L. 2012. “Relationships among Proactive Coping, Posttrauma Gratitude, and Psychopathology in a Traumatized College Sample.” Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 21 (1): 114–130. doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.633298.
   Google Scholar
• Vernon, L. L., J. M. Dillon, and A. R. Steiner. 2009. “Proactive Coping, Gratitude, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in College Women.” Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 22 (1): 117–127. doi:10.1080/10615800802203751.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagnild, G., and H. M. Young. 1993. “Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Resilience Scale.” Journal of Nursing Measurement 1 (2): 165–178.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watkins, P. C., K. Woodward, T. Stone, and R. L. Kolts. 2003. “Gratitude and Happiness: Development of a Measure of Gratitude, and Relationships with Subjective well-being.” Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal 31 (5): 431–451. doi:10.2224/sbp.2003.31.5.431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner, B., D. Russell, and D. Lerman. 1979. “The cognition–emotion Process in achievement-related Contexts.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (7): 1211. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.7.1211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wild, D., A. Grove, M. Martin, S. Eremenco, S. McElroy, A. Verjee-Lorenz, and P. Erikson. 2005. “Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: Report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation.” Value in Health 8 (2): 94–104. doi:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., R. A. Emmons, S. B. Algoe, J. J. Froh, N. M. Lambert, and P. Watkins. 2016. “A Dark Side of Gratitude? Distinguishing between Beneficial Gratitude and Its Harmful Impostors for the Positive Clinical Psychology of Gratitude and well-being.” The Wiley Handbook of Positive Clinical Psychology 137–151.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., J. J. Froh, and A. W. Geraghty. 2010. “Gratitude and well-being: A Review and Theoretical Integration.” Clinical Psychology Review 30 (7): 890–905. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., S. Joseph, and J. Maltby. 2008. “Gratitude Uniquely Predicts Satisfaction with Life: Incremental Validity above the Domains and Facets of the Five Factor Model.” Personality and Individual Differences 45 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.02.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., S. Joseph, and J. Maltby. 2009. “Gratitude Predicts Psychological well-being above the Big Five Facets.” Personality and Individual Differences 46 (4): 443–447. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.11.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., J. Maltby, R. Gillett, P. A. Linley, and S. Joseph. 2008a. “The Role of Gratitude in the Development of Social Support, Stress, and Depression: Two Longitudinal Studies.” Journal of Research in Personality 42 (4): 854–871. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, A. M., J. Maltby, N. Stewart, and S. Joseph. 2008b. “Conceptualizing Gratitude and Appreciation as a Unitary Personality Trait.” Personality and Individual Differences 44 (3): 621–632. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.09.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar