Creating the Exemplary Citizen: The Changing Notion of Citizenship in Britain 1870–1939

References

• Anon . 1906 . Municipal Apathy . The Municipal Journal , : 1057 5 October
   Google Scholar
• Baden-Powell , R. 1907 . Scouting for Boys , London : C. Arthur Pearson .
   Google Scholar
• Barker , E. 1938 . Community Centres and the Uses of Leisure . Adult Education , 40 ( 1 ) : 10
   Google Scholar
• Beaven , B. 2006 . Challenges to Civic Governance in Post-War England: The Peace Day Disturbances of 1919 . Urban History , 33 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Beaven , B. and Griffiths , J. 1999 . The Blitz, Civilian Morale and the City: Mass-Observation and Working-Class Culture in Britain 1940–41 . Urban History , 26 ( 1 )
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaven , B. 2005 . Leisure, Citizenship and Working-Class Men in Britain, 1850–1945 , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Beaven , B. and Griffiths , J. 2004 . Urban Elites, Socialists and Notions of Citizenship in an Industrial Boomtown: Coventry c. 1870–1914 . Labour History Review , 69 ( 1 ) : 300
   Google Scholar
• Biagini , E. 1996 . “ Liberalism and Direct Democracy: John Stuart Mill and the Model of Ancient Athens ” . In Citizenship and Community Liberals, Radicals and Collective Identities in the British isles 1865–1931 , Edited by: Biagini , E. 21 – 44 . Cambridge : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bilton , D. 1999 . The Hull Pals , Barnsely : Pen and Sword .
   Google Scholar
• Blathwayt , R. 1910 . “ Sentimental England ” . In Essays on Duty and Discipline. A Series of Papers on the Training of Children in Relation to Social and National Welfare , Edited by: Marris , I. 33 – 38 . London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• Boyd , W. , ed. 1936 . The Challenge of Leisure , London : New Education Fellowship .
   Google Scholar
• Briggs , A. and Macartney , A. 1984 . Toynbee Hall: The First Hundred Years , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Bryce , J . 1910 . The Hindrances to Good Citizenship , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Buckingham , J. S. 1849 . National Evils and Practical Remedies: With the Plan of a Model Town , London : Peter Jackson .
   Google Scholar
• Bush , J. 2000 . Edwardian Ladies and Imperial Power , Leicester : Leicester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carter , T. 1997 . Birmingham Pals , London : Leo Cooper .
   Google Scholar
• Castle , E. B. 1935 . The Coming of Leisure. The Problem in England , Vol. 52 , London : New Education Fellowship .
   Google Scholar
• Clapson , M. 1999 . Working-Class Women's Experience of Moving to New Housing Estates in England since 1919 . Twentieth Century British History , 10 : 345
   Google Scholar
• Collini , S. 1985 . The Idea of “Character” in Victorian Political Thought . Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , 35 : 29 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Collini , S. 1991 . Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850–1930 , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Constantine , S. 1981 . Amateur Gardening and Popular Recreation in the 19th and 20th Centuries . Journal of Social History , 14 : 396
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker , R. H. 1992 . Social Work and Social Order: The Settlement Movement in Two Industrial Cities 1889–1930 , Illinois : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , J. 1991 . Slums and the Vote 1867–90 . Historical Research , 64 : 155
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deedes , W. 1937 . Social Problems of the New Housing Estates . Journal of State Medicine , 45 ( 1 ) 19, 20
   Google Scholar
• Den Otter , S. 1996 . British Idealism and Social Explanation: A Study in Late Victorian Thought , 44 – 5 . Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Fahrmeir , A. K. 1997 . Nineteenth-Century German Citizenships: A Reconsideration . Historical Journal , 40 : 725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahrni, Magda. ‘Gender Modernity and Citizenship in Urban Contexts: Historiographical Reflections on Women and the City.’ Paper presented at the International Federation for Research in Women's History: 20th International Congress of Historical Sciences, Sydney, July 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Fiddes , E. 1937 . Chapters in the History of Owens College and of Manchester University 1850–1914 , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fisher , H. 1924 . The Common Weal , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , M. 2002 . “No finer School than a Settlement”. The Development of the Educational Settlement Movement . History of Education , 31 ( 3 )
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert , D. 1991 . Community and Municipalism: Collective Identity in late Victorian and Edwardian Mining Towns . Journal of Historical Geography , 17 ( 3 ) : 262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gous , J. M. 1929 . Great Britain: A Study of Civic Loyalty , Chicago : University Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gullace , N. F. 2002 . The Blood of Our Sons. Men, Women and the Renegotiation of British Citizenship during the Great War , Basingstoke : Palgrave .
   Google Scholar
• Gunn , S. 1988 . “ The “Failure”of the Victorian Middle Class: A Critique ” . In The Culture of Capital, Art Power and the Nineteenth Century Middle Class , Edited by: Wolff , J. and Seed , J. Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haddow , W. H. 1922 . Citizenship , Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Heater , D. 1990 . Citizenship: The Civic Ideal in World History: Politics and Education , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Heathorn , S. 1995 . “Let Us Remember that We too Are Citizens of England”: Constructions of Citizenship and National identity in English Elementary School Reading Books . Victorian Studies , 38 ( 2 ) : 395 – 427 .
   Google Scholar
• Heathorn , S. 1996 . “For Home Country and Race”: The Gendered Ideals of Citizenship in English Elementary and Continuation Schools 1885–1914 . Journal of the Canadian Historical Association , 7 : 105 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Hendrick , H. 1997 . Children, Childhood and English Society 1880–1990 , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hennock , E. P. 1982 . “ Central/Local Government Relations in England: An outline 1800–1950 ” . In Urban History Yearbook , Leicester : Leicester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hewitt , M. 1996 . The Emergence of Stability in the Industrial City: Manchester 1832–67 , Aldershot : Scolar .
   Google Scholar
• Hilton , M. 2003 . Consumerism in Twentieth Century Britain: The Search for a Historical Movement , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hobson , J. A. 1917 . Democracy After the War , London : G. Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Inglis , K. S. 1963 . Churches and the Working Classes in Victorian England , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkinson , J. 1993 . “ The 1919 Riots ” . In Racial Violence in Britain 1850–1950 , Edited by: Panaye , P. Leicester : Leicester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , H. 2000 . Victorian Political Thought , Basingstoke : Houndmills .
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , S. 1996 . Castles in the Air: The People's Palace, Cultural Reformism, and the East End Working Class . Victorian Studies , 39 : 526
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeble , S. E. 1906 . The Citizen of Tomorrow , 288 London : Charles Kelly .
   Google Scholar
• Kidd , A. J. and Roberts , K. W. , eds. 1985 . City, Class and Cultures: Studies of Cultural Production and Social Policy in Manchester , Manchester : University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kingsley , Kent, S. 1993 . Making Peace: The Reconstruction of Gender in Interwar Britain , Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Llewellyn Smith , H. , ed. 1935 . The New Survey of London Life and Labour: Life and Leisure , London : P.S. King and Son . IX
   Google Scholar
• Low , E. 2000 . “ The Concept of Citizenship in Twentieth Century Britain: Analysing Contexts of Development ” . In Reforming the Constitution , Edited by: Catterall , P. , Kaiser , W. and Walton Jordan , U. London : Frank Cass .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , T. H. 1964 . Class, Citizenship and Social Development: Essays , New York : Garden City .
   Google Scholar
• Masterman , C. F. M. 1924 . How England is Governed , London : Selwyn & Blout .
   Google Scholar
• Matheson , P. E. Citizenship . International Journal of Ethics , (October) 1897: 33. Offprint copy held in Bodleian Library, Oxford
   Google Scholar
• Meacham , S. 1987 . Toynbee Hall and Social Reform 1880–1914: The Search for Community , New Haven : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Meller , H. 1976 . Leisure and the Changing City, 1870–1914 , London : Routledge & Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Meller , H. 1993 . Urban Renewal and Citizenship: The Quality of Life in British Cities, 1890–1990 . Urban History , 22
   Google Scholar
• Morris , R. J. 1983 . “ The Middle Class and British Towns and Cities of the Industrial Revolution, 1780–1870 ” . In The Pursuit of Urban History , Edited by: Fraser , D. and Sutcliffe , A. London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Olechnowiez , A. 1997 . Working-Class Housing in England between the Wars: The Becontree Estate , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olechnowiez , A. 2000 . Civic Leadership and Education for Democracy . Contemporary British History , 14 : 16
   Google Scholar
• Orr , N. G. 1999 . Keep the Home Fires Burning: Peace Day in Luton, 1919 . Family and Community History , 21 : 17
   Google Scholar
• Parker , J. 1998 . Citizenship, Work and Welfare: Searching for the Good Society , Basingstoke : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , R. 1993 . Knowing One's Place: Perceptions of Community in the Industrial Suburbs of Leeds, 1790–1890 . Journal of Social History , 27 ( 2 ) : 236
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennybacker , S. 1995 . A Vision for London, 1889–1914: Labour, Everyday Life and the LCC Experiment , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Picht , W. 1914 . Toynbee Hall and the English Settlement Movement , London : G. Bell & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Pickles , K. 2005 . A Link in the Great Chain of Friendship: The Victoria League in New Zealand . The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History , 33 ( 1 ) : 29 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pigou , A. C. 1966 . Memorials of Alfred Marshall , New York : Augustus M. Kelley .
   Google Scholar
• Pimlott , J. A. R. 1935 . Toynbee Hall: Fifty Years of Progress , London : J.R. Dent .
   Google Scholar
• Pollard , A. F. 1926 . The Evolution of Parliament , London : Longman Green & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Rose , S. O. Sex, Citizenship and the Nation in World War II Britain . American Historical Review , 1168 October (1998)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose , S. O. 2004 . Which People's War? National Identity and Citizenship in Wartime Britain, 1939–1945 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rothstein , A. 1985 . The Soldiers' Strikes of 1919 , London : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Rowntree , B. S. 1941 . Poverty and Progress: A Second Survey of York , London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Scannell , P. and Cardiff , D. 1991 . A Social History of British Broadcasting, vol 1, 1922–1939. Serving the Nation , Padstow : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Simon , E. D. 1926 . A City Council from Within , London : Longmans, Green & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Springhall , J. O. 1970 . Lord Meath, Youth and Empire . Journal of Contemporary History , 5 ( 4 ) : 105
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stedman Jones , G. 1971 . Outcast London , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stevenson , J. 1984 . British Society 1914–1945 , Vol. 222 , London : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Summer , A. 1981 . “ The Character of Edwardian Nationalism: Three Popular Leagues ” . In Nationalist and Racialist Movements in Britain Before 1914 , Edited by: Kennedy , P. and Nicholls , A. Oxford : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• The Philip's Settlement . 1919 . The Equipment of the Workers. The Adequacy of the Adult Manual Workers for the Discharge of their Responsibilities as Heads of Households, Producers and Citizens , London : George Allen & Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Trainor , R. 1989 . “ The Gentrification of Victorian and Edwardian Industrialists ” . In The First Industrial Society: Essays in English History in Honour of Lawrence Stone , Edited by: Beier , A. L. , Cannadine , D. and Rosenheim , J. M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Trainor , R. 1998 . “ Neither Metropolitan nor Provincial: The Inter-War Middle Class ” . In The Making of the British Middle Class? Studies of Regional and Cultural Diversity Since the Eighteenth Century , Edited by: Kidd , A. and Nicholls , D. Stroud : Sutton .
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan , R. D. 1843 . The Age of Great Cities , London : Jackson & Walford .
   Google Scholar
• Vincent , A. and Plant , R. 1984 . Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship: The Life and Thought of the British Idealists , Oxford : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Waites , B. 1987 . A Class Society at War: England 1914–18 , Leamington Spa : Berg .
   Google Scholar
• Waters , C. 1990 . Socialists and the Politics of Popular Culture , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Webb , B. 1938 . My Apprenticeship I & II , Harmondsworth : Penguin .
   Google Scholar
• Weight , R. and Beach , A. 1998 . The Right to Belong: Citizenship and National Identity in Britain, 1930–1969 , London : I.B. Tauris .
   Google Scholar
• Welldon , D. D. 1910 . “ The Early Training of Boys in Citizenship ” . In Essays on Duty and Discipline. A Series of Papers on the Training of Children in Relation to Social and National Welfare , Edited by: Marris , I. London : Cassell .
   Google Scholar
• White , J. 1981 . The Summer Riots of 1919 . New Society , 13 : 260 August
   Google Scholar
• Whitehand , J. W. R. and Carr , C. M. H. 1999 . England's Interwar Suburban Landscapes: Myth and Reality . Journal of Historical Geography , 25 : 483
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitworth , L. K. Men, Women, Shops and “Little, Shiny Homes”: The Consuming of Coventry, 1930–1939 . Ph.D. diss . University of Warwick .
   Google Scholar
• Worts , W. R. 1919 . Citizenship: Its Meaning, Privileges and Duties , London : Hodder & Stoughton .
   Google Scholar