102
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Humanitarian activist citizens: the emergence of a ‘victim’ political subjectivity in Colombia

ORCID Icon
Pages 150-166 | Received 03 Jun 2023, Accepted 19 Jun 2024, Published online: 07 Jul 2024

References

  • Abrisketa, J. 2009. “La Población Internamente Desplazada En Colombia: Claves Para Interpretar La Regulación Internacional.” Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales 18: 1–28.
  • Agier, M. 2011. Managing the Undesirables: Refugee Camps and Humanitarian Government. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Andrijasevic, R. 2013. “Acts of Citizenship As Methodology.” In Enacting European Citizenship, edited by E. F. Isin and M. Saward, 47–65. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
  • Aparicio, J. R. 2010. “Gobernando a la Persona Internamente Desplazada: Problemas y Fricciones de un Nuevo Problema Mundial.” Tabula Rasa 13: 13–44. doi:10.25058/20112742.403
  • Aparicio, J. R. 2012. Rumores, residuos y estado en ‘la mejor esquina de Sudamérica’: una cartografía de lo ‘humanitario’ en Colombia. Primera edición. Estudios socioculturales. Bogotá, Colombia: Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Lenguajes y Estudios Socioculturales.
  • Aparicio, J. R. 2017. “Affective Capitalism, Humanitarianism and Extractivism in Colombia: Old and New Borders for Future Times.” Cultural Studies 31 (2–3): 331–352. doi:10.1080/09502386.2017.1303431
  • Ataç, I. 2016. “‘Refugee Protest Camp Vienna’: Making Citizens Through Locations of the Protest Movement.” Citizenship Studies 20 (5): 629–646. doi:10.1080/13621025.2016.1182676
  • Avoine, P. A. 2022. “Colombia: Gustavo Petro and Francia Márquez Have Achieved a Historic Victory for the Left – so Who Are They?” The Conversation, 4 July, 2022. http://theconversation.com/colombia-gustavo-petro-and-francia-marquez-have-achieved-a-historic-victory-for-the-left-so-who-are-they-186221.
  • Bassel, L., and E. Isin. 2022. “Citizenship Struggles: 25th Anniversary Special Issue.” Citizenship Studies 26 (4–5): 361–364. doi:10.1080/13621025.2022.2099623
  • Bryman, A. 2012. Social Research Methods. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Cabot, H. 2019. “The European Refugee Crisis and Humanitarian Citizenship in Greece.” Ethnos 84 (5): 747–771. doi:10.1080/00141844.2018.1529693
  • Calderon, A. 2017. “Major Leadership Features of the Peace Process in Colombia.” Leadership and Developing Societies 2 (1): 57–87. doi:10.47697/lds.3435002
  • Calhoun, C. 2004. “A World of Emergencies: Fear, Intervention, and the Limits of Cosmopolitan Order*.” Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 41 (4): 373–395. doi:10.1111/j.1755-618X.2004.tb00783.x
  • Cárdenas, R. 2018. “‘Thanks to My Forced Displacement’: Blackness and the Politics of Colombia’s War Victims.” Latin American & Caribbean Ethnic Studies 13 (1): 72–93. doi:10.1080/17442222.2018.1416893
  • Carrillo, A. C. 2009. “Internal Displacement in Colombia: Humanitarian, Economic and Social Consequences in Urban Settings and Current Challenges.” International Review of the Red Cross 91 (875): 527–546. doi:10.1017/S1816383109990427
  • Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. 2013. ¡Basta Ya! Colombia, Memorias de Guerra y Dignidad: Informe General. Segunda edición corregida. Bogotá, Colombia: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica.
  • Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición. 2022. Hallazgos y Recomendaciones de La Comisión de La Verdad de Colombia. Informe Final: Hay Futuro Si Hay Verdad. https://www.comisiondelaverdad.co/sites/default/files/descargables/2022-06/Informe%20Final%20capi%CC%81tulo%20Hallazgos%20y%20recomendaciones.pdf
  • The Congress of Colombia. 1997. Law 387 of 1997. https://www.refworld.org/docid/5a255b374.html.
  • Cronin-Furman, K., and R. Krystalli. 2021. “The Things They Carry: Victims’ Documentation of Forced Disappearance in Colombia and Sri Lanka.” European Journal of International Relations 27 (1): 79–101. doi:10.1177/1354066120946479
  • Dadusc, D. 2019. “The Micropolitics of Border Struggles: Migrants’ Squats and Inhabitance As Alternatives to Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 23 (6): 593–607. doi:10.1080/13621025.2019.1634377
  • Doria, P. 2020. “Los Embera en el Tercer Milenio, un drama circular y sin fin.” La Silla Vacía, September 28, 2021. https://lasillavacia.com/los-embera-tercer-milenio-drama-circular-y-sin-fin-78583.
  • El Congreso de la República de Colombia. 2011. Ley 1448 de 2011. https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/ley-1448-de-2011/13653.
  • Erensu, A. I. 2016. “Notes from a Refugee Protest: Ambivalences of Resisting and Desiring Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 20 (5): 664–677. doi:10.1080/13621025.2016.1182677
  • Escobar, A. 2008. Territories of Difference: Place, Movements, Life, Redes. New Ecologies for the Twenty-First Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Fassin, D. 2005. “Compassion and Repression: The Moral Economy of Immigration Policies in France.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (3): 362–387. doi:10.1525/can.2005.20.3.362
  • Fassin, D. 2009. “Another Politics of Life Is Possible.” Theory, Culture & Society 26 (5): 44–60. doi:10.1177/0263276409106349
  • Fassin, D. 2011. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Fassin, D. 2020. “Are the Two Approaches to Moral Economy Irreconcilable?” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 11 (2): 217–221. doi:10.1353/hum.2020.0010
  • Feldman, I. 2007. “Difficult Distinctions: Refugee Law, Humanitarian Practice, and Political Identification in Gaza.” Cultural Anthropology 22 (1): 129–169. doi:10.1525/can.2007.22.1.129
  • Feldman, I. 2012. “The Humanitarian Condition: Palestinian Refugees and the Politics of Living.” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development 3 (2): 155–172. doi:10.1353/hum.2012.0017
  • Forero-Niño, L. 2012. “Colombia’s Historic Victims and Land Restitution Law.” Law & Business Review of the Americas 18 (1): 97–103.
  • Galindo Vácha, J. C. 2022. Curules de Paz: Lo Que Debes Saber!. Bogotá, Colombia: Defensoría del Pueblo. https://repositorio.defensoria.gov.co/bitstream/handle/20.500.13061/447/PDF%206.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • García-Godos, J., and K. A. O. Lid. 2010. “Transitional Justice and Victims’ Rights Before the End of a Conflict: The Unusual Case of Colombia*.” Journal of Latin American Studies 42 (3): 487–516. doi:10.1017/S0022216X10000891
  • Gubrium, J. F., and J. A. Holstein. 2002. “From the Individual Interview to the Interview Society.” In Handbook of Interview Research: Context & Method, edited by J. F. Gubrium and J. A. Holstein, 3–32. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Harrell-Bond, B. E. 2002. “Can Humanitarian Work with Refugees Be Humane?” Human Rights Quarterly 24 (1): 51–85. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20069589
  • Holzer, E. 2015. The Concerned Women of Buduburam: Refugee Activists and Humanitarian Dilemmas. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Ibáñez, A. M., and A. Moya. 2010. “Vulnerability of Victims of Civil Conflicts: Empirical Evidence for the Displaced Population in Colombia.” World Development 38 (4): 647–663. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.015
  • Ibáñez, A. M., and A. Velásquez. 2009. “Identifying Victims of Civil Conflicts: An Evaluation of Forced Displaced Households in Colombia.” Journal of Peace Research 46 (3): 431–451. doi:10.1177/0022343309102661
  • Ilcan, S. 2014. “Activist Citizens and the Politics of Mobility in Osire Refugee Camp.” In Routledge Handbook of Global Citizenship Studies, edited by E. F. Isin and P. Nyers, 186–195. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Isin, E. F. 2008. “Theorizing Acts of Citizenship.” In Acts of Citizenship, edited by E. F. Isin and G. M. Nielsen, 15–43. London; New York: Zed Books.
  • Isin, E. F. 2009. “Citizenship in Flux: The Figure of the Activist Citizen.” Subjectivity 29 (1): 367–388. doi:10.1057/sub.2009.25
  • Isin, E. F., and G. M. Nielsen, eds. 2008. Acts of Citizenship. London; New York: Zed Books.
  • Isin, E. F., and P. Nyers. 2014. “Introduction: Globalizing Citizenship Studies.” In Routledge Handbook of Global Citizenship Studies, edited by E. F. Isin and P. Nyers, 1–11. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Jakil, Ž. P. 2020. “Resisting Emergency Shelters and Humanitarianism: Asylum Seekers’ Struggles for Fair Accommodation in Berlin.” Anthropological Notebooks 26 (1): 92–110. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4309980
  • Jakimów, M. 2022. “Activist Citizenship in Non-Western and Non-Democratic Contexts: How to Define ‘Acts of Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 26 (4–5): 505–511. doi:10.1080/13621025.2022.2091232
  • Jaramillo, P. 2012. “Deuda, Desesperación y Reparaciones Inconclusas en la Guajira, Colombia.” Antípoda Revista de antropología Y Arqueología 1 (14): 41–65. doi:10.7440/antipoda14.2012.03
  • Jumbert, M. G., and E. Pascucci. 2021. “Introduction: Citizen Humanitarianism at European Borders.” In Citizen Humanitarianism at European Borders, edited by M. G. Jumbert and E. Pascucci, 1–14. Routledge Humanitarian Studies. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Krystalli, R. 2019. “’We Are Not Good Victims’: Hierarchies of Suffering and the Politics of Victimhood in Colombia.” PhD diss., The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. https://www.academia.edu/43060952/_We_are_not_good_victims_Hierarchies_of_Suffering_and_the_Politics_of_Victimhood_in_Colombia.
  • Lemaitre, J., and K. B. Sandvik. 2015. “Shifting Frames, Vanishing Resources, and Dangerous Political Opportunities: Legal Mobilization Among Displaced Women in Colombia.” Law & Society Review 49 (1): 5–38. doi:10.1111/lasr.12119
  • Malkki, L. H. 1996. “Speechless Emissaries: Refugees, Humanitarianism, and Dehistoricization.” Cultural Anthropology 11 (3): 377–404. doi:10.1525/can.1996.11.3.02a00050
  • Márquez, F. 2015. “Víctimas En El Proceso de Paz.” Presentation at Symposium: The Challenges of the Current Peace Negotiation Process in Colombia. Chapel Hill, University of North, Carolina, NC. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLqylICv8bA.
  • Mehta, L., and R. Napier-Moore. 2011. “Rewriting Citizenship in Displacement: Displaced People’s Struggles for Rights.” Indian Journal of Human Development 5 (2): 413–440. doi:10.1177/0973703020110206
  • Meza, D., and A. Ciurlo. 2019. “La ‘Espera’ En La Población Desplazada de Colombia. Una Forma de Sufrimiento y Dominación Social.” Digithum 23: 1–11. doi:10.7238/d.v0i23.3151
  • Mim, N. J. 2020. “Religion at the Margins: Resistance to Secular Humanitarianism at the Rohingya Refugee Camps in Bangladesh.” Religions 11 (8): 423. doi:10.3390/rel11080423
  • Miralles Vila, C. 2021. “Melilla: Fight and Survival of Activist Humanitarianism.” In Citizen Humanitarianism at European Borders, edited by M. G. Jumbert and E. Pascucci, 85–98. Routledge Humanitarian Studies. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Mora-Gámez, F. A. 2016. “Reparation Beyond Statehood: Assembling Rights Restitution in Post-Conflict Colombia.” PhD diss, School of Management, University of Leicester. https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/37961.
  • Moulin, C., and P. Nyers. 2007. “‘We Live in a Country of UNHCR’: Refugee Protests and Global Political Society.” International Political Sociology 1 (4): 356–372. doi:10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00026.x
  • Müller, T. R. 2022. “From Acts of Citizenship to Transnational Lived Citizenship: Potential and Pitfalls of Subversive Readings of Citizenship.” Citizenship Studies 26 (4–5): 584–591. doi:10.1080/13621025.2022.2091242
  • Ng’weno, B. 2007. Turf Wars: Territory and Citizenship in the Contemporary State. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Novak, P. 2022. “Re-Producing the Humanitarian Border.” Geopolitics. Advance online publication. doi:10.1080/14650045.2022.2105699
  • Nyers, P., and K. Rygiel. 2012. Citizenship, Migrant Activism and the Politics of Movement. Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Olarte Olarte, C., and I. Rua Wall. 2012. “The Occupation of Public Space in Bogotá: Internal Displacement and the City.” Social & Legal Studies 21 (3): 321–339. doi:10.1177/0964663912442442
  • Olivius, E. 2014. “(Un)Governable Subjects: The Limits of Refugee Participation in the Promotion of Gender Equality in Humanitarian Aid.” Journal of Refugee Studies 27 (1): 42–61. doi:10.1093/jrs/fet001
  • Olivius, E. 2019. “Claiming Rights in Exile: Women’s Insurgent Citizenship Practices in the Thai-Myanmar Borderlands.” Citizenship Studies 23 (8): 761–779. doi:10.1080/13621025.2019.1664408
  • Ortíz Franco, J. D. 2016. “Hablamos con Francia Márquez, la lideresa negra que puso contra la pared al presidente Santos.” ¡PACIFISTA! March 3, 2016. https://pacifista.tv/notas/hablamos-con-francia-marquez-la-lideresa-negra-que-puso-contra-la-pared-al-presidente-santos/.
  • Osorio Pérez, F. E. 2007. Territorialidades en suspenso: desplazamiento forzado, identidades y resistencias. Bogotá, Colombia: Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento.
  • Pallister-Wilkins, P. 2017. “Humanitarian Borderwork.” In Border Politics: Defining Spaces of Governance and Forms of Transgressions, edited by C. Günay and N. Witjes, 85–103. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46855-6_6
  • Paschel, T. S. 2016. Becoming Black Political Subjects: Movements and Ethno-Racial Rights in Colombia and Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
  • Rajaram, P. K. 2002. “Humanitarianism and Representations of the Refugee.” Journal of Refugee Studies 15 (3): 247–264. doi:10.1093/jrs/15.3.247
  • Redfield, P. 2005. “Doctors, Borders, and Life in Crisis.” Cultural Anthropology 20 (3): 328–361. doi:10.1525/can.2005.20.3.328
  • Rettberg, A. 2013. “Victims of the Colombian Armed Conflict: The Birth of a Political Actor.” SSRN Scholarly Paper. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2317270
  • Ríos Sierra, J., and J. Morales. 2022. “El Discurso de Iván Duque Sobre El Acuerdo Final En El Escenario Internacional.” Revista Opera 30 (enero–junio): 123–144. doi:10.18601/16578651.n30.08
  • Rojas, C. 2002. Civilization and Violence: Regimes of Representation in Nineteenth-Century Colombia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Rygiel, K. 2010. Globalizing Citizenship. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press.
  • Sachseder, J. 2020. “Cleared for Investment? The Intersections of Transnational Capital, Gender, and Race in the Production of Sexual Violence and Internal Displacement in Colombia’s Armed Conflict.” International Feminist Journal of Politics 22 (2): 162–186. doi:10.1080/14616742.2019.1702473
  • Safford, F., and M. Palacios. 2002. Colombia: Fragmented Land, Divided Society. Latin American Histories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Sandvik, K. B., and J. Lemaitre. 2013. “Internally Displaced Women As Knowledge Producers and Users in Humanitarian Action: The View from Colombia.” Disasters 37: S36–50. doi:10.1111/disa.12011
  • Schouw Iversen, K. 2022. “Displacement, Time and Resistance: The Role of Waiting in Facilitating Occupations Led by Internally Displaced Persons in Colombia.” Time & Society 31 (2): 226–246. doi:10.1177/0961463X211052838
  • Schouw Iversen, K. 2022. “Participation as Confrontation: Resistance Within and Outside the Mesas de Participación Established for IDPs in Colombia.” Journal of Refugee Studies 35 (3): 1327–1343. doi:10.1093/jrs/feac010
  • Schwiertz, H., and H. Schwenken. 2020. “Introduction: Inclusive Solidarity and Citizenship Along Migratory Routes in Europe and the Americas.” Citizenship Studies 24 (4): 405–423. doi:10.1080/13621025.2020.1755155
  • Sözer, H. 2019. “Humanitarianism with a Neo-Liberal Face: Vulnerability Intervention As Vulnerability Redistribution.” Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies 46 (11): 2163–2180. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2019.1573661
  • Tapia Navarro, N. 2019. “The Category of Victim ‘From Below’: The Case of the Movement of Victims of State Crimes (MOVICE) in Colombia.” Human Rights Review 20 (3): 289–312. doi:10.1007/s12142-019-00558-w
  • Tapia Navarro, N. 2020. “The Meanings of Victimhood ‘from Below’ : How Victims of Mass Atrocity Use the Category of Victim in Colombia and Its Relevance for Victims at the International Criminal Court.” PhD diss., University of Helsinki. https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/309034.
  • Ticktin, M. 2016. “Thinking Beyond Humanitarian Borders.” Social Research an International Quarterly 83 (2): 255–271. doi:10.1353/sor.2016.0030
  • Tyszler, E. 2021. “Humanitarianism and Black Female Bodies: Violence and Intimacy at the Moroccan–Spanish Border.” The Journal of North African Studies 26 (5): 954–972. doi:10.1080/13629387.2020.1800211
  • Unidad para las Víctimas. 2022. “Registro Único de Víctimas (RUV).” Unidad para las Víctimas. https://www.unidadvictimas.gov.co/es/registro-unico-de-victimas-ruv/37394.
  • Vandevoordt, R. 2019. “Subversive Humanitarianism: Rethinking Refugee Solidarity Through Grass-Roots Initiatives.” Refugee Survey Quarterly 38 (3): 245–265. doi:10.1093/rsq/hdz008
  • Vera Lugo, J. P. 2016. “Transitional Justice, Memory and the Emergence of Legal Subjetivities in Colombia.” In A Sense of Justice: Legal Knowledge and Lived Experience in Latin America, edited by S. Brunnegger and K. A. Faulk, 25–49. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Vidal, R. 1999. ”Análisis de Los Aspectos Operativos de La Ley 387 de 1997.” In El Desplazamiento Por La Violencia En Colombia: Experiencias, Análisis y Posibles Estrategias de Atención En El Departamento de Antioquia: Memorias Del Foro Internacional ‘Desplazados Internos En Antioquia' Medellín, 27-28 de Julio de 1998, edited by C. Tassara, D. M. J. Castrillón, L. Grando, and Y. Z. Torres, 99–102. Medellín, Colombia: ECOE Ediciones.
  • Vidal López, R. 2007. Derecho Global y Desplazamiento Interno: Creación, Uso y Desaparición Del Desplazamiento Forzado Por La Violencia En El Derecho Contemporáneo. Colección Fronteras Del Derecho. 1st ed. Bogotá, Colombia: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
  • Weber, S. 2020. “Trapped Between Promise and Reality in Colombia’s Victims’ Law: Reflections on Reparations, Development and Social Justice.” Bulletin of Latin American Research 39 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1111/blar.12887
  • Yuval-Davis, N. 2006. “Intersectionality and Feminist Politics.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 13 (3): 193–209. doi:10.1177/1350506806065752
  • Zeiderman, A. 2013. “Living Dangerously: Biopolitics and Urban Citizenship in Bogotá, Colombia.” American Ethnologist 40 (1): 71–87. doi:10.1111/amet.12006
  • Zeiderman, A. 2016. Endangered City: The Politics of Security and Risk in Bogotá. Global Insecurities. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Zulver, J. 2022. High-Risk Feminism in Colombia: Women’s Mobilization in Violent Contexts. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.