2,657
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Environmental pollution by depleted uranium in Iraq with special reference to Mosul and possible effects on cancer and birth defect rates

, , &
Pages 7-25 | Published online: 02 Apr 2013

References

  • Aitken , M. 1999 . Gulf War Leaves Legacy of Cancer . BMJ , 319 : 401
  • Alani , S. , Savabieasfahani , M. , Tafash , M. and Manduca , P. 2011 . Four Polygamous Families with Congenital Birth Defects from Fallujah, Iraq . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 8 ( 1 ) : 89 – 96 .
  • Al-Azzawi, S. N. 2006. “Depleted Uranium Radioactive Contamination in Iraq: An Overview,” The 3rd ICBUW International Conference Hiroshima, August 3–6.
  • Alazzawi , H. and Al- Ramadhani , A. 2009 . Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Mosul City in 2005 . Al-Rafidain Dental Journal , 9 ( 1 ) : 90 – 93 .
  • Al-Daghastani, Hekmat S. 2011. “Using Reflection Anomalies to Detect Radioactive Contamination in Nineveh Governorate Northern Iraq,” Conference on Landfills of Hazardous Waste and its Implications on Health and Environment, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden November 15–17.
  • Ali, A., and Al-Ali, J. 2002. “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in Basrah After the Gulf War II.” Proceedings of the Conference on the Effects of the use of DU Weaponry On Human and Environment in Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq, March 26–27.
  • Alwan, A. 2004. Health in Iraq: Review. Iraq Ministry of Health, http://siteresources.worldbank.org/IRFFI/64168382-1092419012421/20311178/Health%20in%20Iraq.pdf.
  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) . 1999 . US Public Health Service, Department of Health & Human Services , Atlanta , GA : Toxicological Profile for Uranium .
  • ATSDR . 1999 . Toxicological Profile for Uranium (an Update) , Atlanta , GA : Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry . September 1999
  • Clark, D. L., D. W. Keogh, M. P. Neu, and W. Runde. 1997. Uranium and Uranium Compounds. Vol 24 of Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. 639–694. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Craft , E. S. , Abu-Qare , A. W. Flaherty , M. M. 1989 . The Developmental Toxicity of Uranium in Mice . Toxicology , 55 ( 1–2 ) : 143 – 152 .
  • Ebbs , S. D. , Lasat , M. M. , Brady , D. J. , Cornish , J. , Gordon , R. and Kochian , L. V. 1997 . Phytoextraction of Cadmium and Zinc from a Contaminated Soil . Journal of Environmental Mental Quality , 26 ( 5 ) : 1424 – 1430 .
  • Fulco, Caroyln. E., Catharyn T. Liverman, and Harold C. Sox, eds. 2000. Gulf War and Health, Gulf War and Health: Volume 1. Depleted Uranium, Sarin, Pyridostigmine Bromide, Vaccines. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press.
  • Hindin , R. , Brugge , D. and Panikkar , B. 2005 . Teratogenicity of Depleted Uranium Aerosols: A Review from an Epidemiological Perspective . Environmental Mental Health , 4 : 17
  • Institute of Medicine. 2001. Crossing the Quality Chasm; A New Health System for the 21st Century, The National Academy of Sciences, March 1.
  • Kassim , Sahar A. , Al-Daghastani , H. S. and AL-Dabbagh , S. A. 2010 . Environmental Hazards and Their Evaluation in Mosul City, Northern Iraq . Journal of Environmental Studies , 4 : 77 – 84 .
  • Marchiori , J. N. C. , Longhi , S. J. and Galvao , L. 1983 . Ogenero Prosopis (Leguminosae Mimosoideae) No Rio Grande Do Sul . Separata De Cienciae Natureza, Santa Maria, RS , 5 : 171 – 177 .
  • Min , M. S. , Yang , S. Y. , Bonett , R. M. , Vieites , D. R. , Brandon , R. A and Wake , D. B. 2005 . Discovery of the First Asian Plethodontid Salamander . Nature , 435 : 87 – 90 .
  • Polednak , A. and Frome , E. 1981 . Mortality among Men Employed between 1943 and 1947 at a Uranium–Processing Plant . Journal of Occupational Medicine , 23 : 168 – 178 .
  • Tournier , B. , Frelon , S. Tourlonias , E. 2009 . Role of the Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Direct Transport of Inhaled Uranium to the Rat Brain . Toxicology Letters , 190 ( 1 ) : 66 – 73 .
  • WHO. 2001. Depleted Uranium. Fact Sheet No. 257, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • WHO. 2003. Fact Sheet no. 257: Depleted Uranium (Revised January 2003) WHO http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/who-depleted-uranium-fact-sheet-257.pdf.
  • Yaqoub, A. A., I. Al-Sadoon, and J. Hassan, 1998. “Incidence and Pattern of Malignant Diseases among Children in Basrah with Specific Reference to Leukemia during the period of 1990–1998.” Proceedings of the Conference on Health and Environmental Consequences of DU used by U.S. and British Forces in the 1991 Gulf War. Baghdad, Iraq, December 2–3.
  • Yaqoub, A. A., I. Al-Sadoon, and J. Hassan, 2002. “The Evidence of Casual Association Between Exposure to DU and Malignancies Among Children in Basrah by Applying Epidemiological Criteria of Causality.” Proceedings of Conference on the Effects of the use of DU Weaponry on Human and Environment in Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq, March 26–27.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.