1,463
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Research Article

Fertility and combined oral contraceptives – unintended pregnancies and planned pregnancies following oral contraceptive use – results from the INAS-SCORE study

, , , &
Pages 17-23 | Received 29 Jul 2016, Accepted 21 Sep 2016, Published online: 17 Oct 2016

References

  • Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2011;83:397–404.
  • Dinger J, Heinemann Lothar AJ, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007;75:344–354.
  • Dinger JC, Cronin M, Möhner S, et al. Oral contraceptive effectiveness according to body mass index, weight, age, and other factors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:263.e1–263.e9.
  • Dinger JC, Minh TD, Buttmann N, Bardenheuer K. Effectiveness of oral contraceptive pills in a large U.S. cohort comparing progestogen and regimen. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;117:33–40.
  • Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. SF2.3: Age of mothers age childbrith and age-specific fertility: OECD – Social Policy Division [Internet]; 2016 [cited 2016 Jul 6]. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/SF_2_3_Age_mothers_childbirth.pdf.
  • Mikkelsen EM, Riis AH, Wise LA, et al. Pre-gravid oral contraceptive use and time to pregnancy: a Danish prospective cohort study. Human Reprod. 2013;28:1398–1405.
  • Wiegratz I, Mittmann K, Dietrich H, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of treatment with an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of dienogest. Fertil Steril. 2006;85:1812–1819.
  • Cronin M, Schellschmidt I, Dinger J. Rate of pregnancy after using drospirenone and other progestin-containing oral contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:616–622.
  • Graziottin A. The shorter, the better: a review of the evidence for a shorter contraceptive hormone-free interval. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2016;21:93–105.
  • Dinger JC, Bardenheuer K, Assmann A. International Active Surveillance Study of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives (INAS-OC Study). BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009;9:77.
  • Dinger J, Do Minh T, Heinemann K. Impact of estrogen type on cardiovascular safety of combined oral contraceptives. Contraception. 2016;94:328–339.
  • EMA. Guideline on clinical investigation of steroid contraceptives in women: Doc Ref; EMEA/CPMP/EMP/519/98 Rev 1: EMA; 2005.
  • Dinger JC, Bardenheuer K, Heinemann K. Cardiovascular and general safety of a 24-day regimen of drospirenone-containing combined oral contraceptives: final results from the International Active Surveillance Study of Women Taking Oral Contraceptives. Contraception. 2014;89:253–263.
  • Potthoff P, Heinemann Lothar AJ, Güther B. A household panel as a tool for cost-effective health-related population surveys: validity of the Healthcare Access Panel. Ger Med Sci. 2004;2:Doc05/20040716.
  • Güther B. Access panel – quality aspects and experience. In: Streich W, Braun B, Helmert U, editors. Surveys in public health ? developments and perspectives in research and political counseling. Sankt Augustin: Asgard Verlag; 2005. p. 91–102.
  • Potthoff P, Güther B. Access panel in the context of health research. Forum Public Health. 2005;3:16.
  • Kost K, Singh S, Vaughan B, et al. Estimates of contraceptive failure from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Contraception. 2008;77:10–21.
  • Polis CB, Bradley S, Bankole A, et al. Contraceptive failure rates in the developing world: an analysis of demographic and health survey data in 43 countries. New York: Guttmacher Institute; 2016.
  • Holt VL, Cushing-Haugen KL, Daling JR. Body weight and risk of oral contraceptive failure. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;99:820–827.
  • Edelman AB, Cherala G, Munar MY, et al. Prolonged monitoring of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel levels confirms an altered pharmacokinetic profile in obese oral contraceptives users. Contraception. 2013;87:220–226.
  • Gnoth C, Godehardt D, Godehardt E, et al. Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study and impact on the management of infertility. Human Reprod. 2003;18:1959–1966.
  • Susser M. What is a cause and how do we know one? A grammar for pragmatic epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133:635–648.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.