1,330
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Scratching the Democratic Façade: Framing Strategies of the 20 February Movement

&
Pages 1-22 | Published online: 27 Feb 2013

References

  • Albrecht , H. and Wegner , E. 2006 . Autocrats and Islamists: contenders and containment in Egypt and Morocco . The Journal of North African Studies , 11 ( 2 ) : 123 – 141 .
  • Bayat , A. 1997 . Un-civil society: the politics of informal people . Third World Quarterly , 18 ( 1 ) : 53 – 72 .
  • Bayart , J.-F. , Mbembe , A. and Toulabor , C. 2008 . Le politique par le bas , Paris : Karthala .
  • Beinin , J. and Vairel , F. , eds. 2011 . Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa , Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Benchemsi , A. 2012a . Morocco: outfoxing the opposition . Journal of Democracy , 23 ( 1 ) : 57 – 69 .
  • Benchemsi, A. (2012b) Feb20's rise and fall: a Moroccan story. Available at http://ahmedbenchemsi.com/feb20s-rise-and-fall-a-moroccan-story/ (accessed 28 July 2012).
  • Bennani-Chraibi , M. and Fillieule , O. , eds. 2003 . Résistances et protestations dans les sociétés musulmanes , Paris : Presses de Sciences Po .
  • Benford , R. D. and Snow , D. E. 2000 . Framing processes and social movements: an overview and assessment . Annual Review of Sociology , 26 : 611 – 639 .
  • Bogaert , K. and Emperador , M. 2011 . Imagining the state through social protest: state reformation and the mobilizations of unemployed graduates in Morocco . Mediterranean Politics , 16 ( 2 ) : 241 – 259 .
  • Cavatorta , F. 2007 . More than repression: the significance of ‘divide et impera’ in the Middle East and North Africa – the case of Morocco . Journal of Contemporary African Studies , 25 ( 2 ) : 187 – 203 .
  • Catusse , M. 2009 . “ Morocco's political economy; ambiguous privatization and the emerging social question ” . In The Arab State and Neo-liberal Globalization. The Restructuring of State Power in the Middle East , Edited by: Guazzone , L. and Pioppi , D. Reading : Ithaca Press .
  • Catusse , M. and Vairel , F. 2010 . “ Question sociale et developpement: les territoires de l'action publique et de la contestation au Maroc ” . 5 – 23 . Le Maroc de Mohammed VI: Mobilisations et Action Publique special issue of Politique Africaine, 120
  • Dalmasso , E. 2012 . Surfing the democratic tsunami in Morocco: apolitical society and the reconfiguration of a sustainable authoritarian regime . Mediterranean Politics , 17 ( 2 ) : 217 – 232 .
  • Davenport , C. 2005 . “ Repression and mobilization: insights from political science and sociology ” . In Repression and Mobilization , Edited by: Davenport , C. , Johnston , H. and Mueller , C. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Demmelhuber , T. 2009 . Egypt's moment of reform and its reform actors: the variety–capability gap . Democratization , 16 ( 1 ) : 119 – 136 .
  • Desrues , T. 2012 . Moroccan youth and the forming of a new generation: social change, collective action and political activism . Mediterranean Politics , 17 ( 1 ) : 23 – 40 .
  • Donati , P. R. 2001 . “ Die Rahmenanalyse politischer Diskurse ” . In Handbuch Sozialwissenschaftliche Diskursanalyse. Band I. Theorien und Methoden , Edited by: Keller , R. , Hirseland , A. , Schneider , W. and Viehöver , W. Opladen : Leske & Budrich .
  • Emperador Badimon , M. 2011 . “ Unemployed Moroccan university graduates and strategies for “apolitical” mobilization ” . In Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East and North Africa , Edited by: Beinin , J. and Vairel , F. 217 – 236 . Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press .
  • Fernández Molina , I. 2011 . The monarchy vs. the 20 February Movement: who holds the reins of political change in Morocco? . Mediterranean Politics , 16 ( 3 ) : 435 – 441 .
  • Gamson , W. A. 1992 . Talking Politics , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Gerhards , J. and Rucht , D. 1992 . Mesomobilization. Organizing and framing in two protest campaigns in West Germany . American Journal of Sociology , 98 ( 3 ) : 555 – 596 .
  • Graciet , L. and Laurent , E . 2012 . Le roi prédateur , Paris : Éditions du Seuil .
  • Harders , C. 2009 . “ Perspektiven auf den autoritären Staat in Ägypten ” . In Der Nahe Osten im Umbruch. Zwischen Transformation und Autoritarismus , Edited by: Beck , M. , Harders , C. and Jünemann , A. Wiesbaden : Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften .
  • Hibou , B. 2006 . “ Maroc: d'un Conservatisme à l'autre ” . In Legs colonial et gouvernance contemporaine , Edited by: Bayart , J. F. , Banégas , R. , Bertrand , R. , Hibou , B. , Meimon , J. and Mengin , F. Vol. 2 , Paris : FASOPO . Available at http://www.fasopo.org/publications/legscolonial2_bh_1206.pdf (accessed 26 July 2012)
  • Hibou, B. (2011) Le Movement du 20 Février, le ‘Makhzen’ et l'antipolitique. l'impense des reformes au Maroc, Available at http://www.ceri-sciences-po.org/archive/2011/mai/dossier/art_bh2.pdf (accessed 28 July 2012)
  • Hoffmann, A. (2011) Wem gehört der marokkanische Wandel? Eine Analyse des umkämpften politischen Felds in Marokko, in: Arbeitsstelle Politik des Vorderen Orients (Ed) Protests, Revolutions and Transformations – the Arab World in a Period of Upheaval, Working Paper, 1, pp. 92–109.
  • Joffé , G. 1988 . Morocco. Monarchy, legitimacy and succession . Third World Quarterly , 10 ( 1 ) : 201 – 228 .
  • Joffé , G. 2011 . The Arab Spring in North Africa: origins and prospects . The Journal of North African Studies , 16 ( 4 ) : 507 – 532 .
  • Johnston , H. 2002 . “ Verification and proof in frame and discourse analysis ” . In Methods of Social Movement Research , Edited by: Klandermans , B. and Staggenborg , S. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Loudiy , F. and Smith , A. R. 2005 . Testing the red lines: on the liberalization of speech in Morocco . Human Rights Quarterly , 27 ( 3 ) : 1069 – 1119 .
  • Maghraoui , D. 2011 . Constitutional reforms in Morocco: between consensus and subaltern politics . The Journal of North African Studies , 16 ( 4 ) : 679 – 699 .
  • McCarthy , J. and Zald , M. 1977 . Resource mobilization and social movements: a partial theory . The American Journal of Sociology , 82 ( 6 ) : 1212 – 1241 .
  • Pace , M. and Cavatorta , F. 2012 . The Arab uprisings in theoretical perspective – an introduction . Mediterranean Politics , 17 ( 2 ) : 125 – 138 .
  • Sater , J. N. 2007 . Civil Society and Political Change in Morocco, History and Society in the Islamic World , London : Routledge .
  • Schock , K. 2005 . Unarmed Insurrections. People Power Movements in Nondemocracies , Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press .
  • Scott , J. 1985 . Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance , New York : Yale University Press .
  • Snow , D. A. 2004 . “ Framing processes, ideology, and discursive fields ” . In The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements , Edited by: Snow , D. A. , David , A. , Soule , S. A. and Kriesi , H. Malden, MA : Blackwell .
  • Storm , L. 2012 . Understanding Moroccan politics: tools for assessing the impact of the Arab Spring . Mediterranean Politics , 17 ( 1 ) : 119 – 124 .
  • Tilly , C. 2008 . Contentious Performances , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Tozy, M. (2009) Reorganisation of the Moroccan political landscape, IEMed Yearbook 2009, pp. 190–196. Available at http://www.iemed.org/anuari/2009/aarticles/a190.pdf (accessed 1 December 2012)
  • Wedeen , L. 2008 . Peripheral Visions: Publics, Power, and Performance in Yemen , Chicago & London : University of Chicago Press .
  • Wiktorowicz , Q. , ed. 2004 . Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach , Indiana : Indiana University Press .
  • Zaki , L. 2009 . “ Maroc: dependance allimentaire, radicalisation contestataire, repression autoritaire ” . In États des Résistances dans le Sud – 2009. Face à la Crise alimentaire , Edited by: Duterme , B. Paris : Louvain-la-Neuve .
  • Zemni, S., De Smet, B. & Bogaert, K. (2012) Luxemburg on Tahrir Square: reading the Arab revolutions with Rosa Luxemburg's The Mass Strike, Antipode Available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2012.01014.x/full (accessed 28 July 2012).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.