References
- 365. Telegram From the Embassy in Turkey to the Department of State. (1960). Foreign Relations of the United States Digital Edition. May 28.1958–1960, Volume X. Part 2. Eastern Europe; Finland; Greece; Turkey.
- 369. Telegram From the Embassy in Turkey to the Department of State. (1961). Foreign Relations of the United States Digital Edition. September 2. 1961–1963, Volume XVI. Eastern Europe; Cyprus; Greece; Turkey.
- 371. Telegram From the Embassy in Turkey to the Department of State. (1961). Foreign Relations of the United States Digital Edition. October 24. 1961–1963, Volume XVI. Eastern Europe; Cyprus; Greece; Turkey.
- 377. Telegram From the Embassy in Turkey to the Department of State. (1962). Foreign Relations of the United States Digital Edition. January 29. 1961–1963, Volume XVI. Eastern Europe; Cyprus; Greece; Turkey.
- Akyaz, D. (2002). Askeri müdahalelerin orduya etkisi: Hiyerarşi dışı örgütlenmeden emir komuta zincirine. İstanbul: İletişim.
- Aljazeera Turk. (2016, July 17). Tuğgeneraller cuntası kurulacaktı. Retrieved from http://www.aljazeera.com.tr/haber/tuggeneraller-cuntasi-kurulacakti
- Anadolu Ajansı. (2017a, September 13). Darbeci Tuğamiral İmren’den ‘darbe’ itirafı. Retrieved from http://aa.com.tr/tr/15-temmuz-darbe-girisimi/darbeci-tugamiral-imrenden-darbe-itirafi/908860
- Arslan, A. (21 July 2016). Medya mahallesi. Halk Tv. Retrieved from http://halktv.web.tv/video/gercekustu-hal-ugur-dundar-ve-aysenur-arslan-ile-medya-mahallesi-2-bolum__kmauui9x78q
- Aydemir, T. (2017). Hatıratım (2nd ed.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
- Aydınlı, E. (2009). A paradigmatic shift for the Turkish generals and an end to the coup era in Turkey. The Middle East Journal, 63(4), 581–596.
- Barracca, S. (2007). Military coups in the post-cold war era: Pakistan, Ecuador and Venezuela. Third World Quarterly, 28(1), 137–154.
- Batatu, H. (1978). The old social classes and the revolutionary movements of Iraq: A study of Iraq’s old landed and commercial classes and of its communists, ba’athists, and free officers. New Jersey: Princeton.
- BBC Türkçe. (2016, July 27). TSK: Darbe girişimine 8,651 asker katıldı, 35 uçak, 37 helikopter kullanıldı. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-turkiye-36904517
- Bengin, T. (2017, November 13). Paşalar el ele tutuşsa darbeyi önlerdi. Retrieved from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yazarlar/tunca-bengin/pasalar-el-ele-tutussa-darbeyi-2553843/
- Bilgici, Y. (2016). 15 Temmuz, Türk ordusunun 2 bin yıllık tarihinin en acı günüdür. Hürriyet. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/15-temmuz-turk-ordusunun-2-bin-yillik-tarihinin-en-aci-gunudur-40310063
- Çetiner, Z. (2003). Ölümü paylaştılar ama… bir ihtilalcinin anıları. İstanbul: Büke.
- Çakmak, D. (2008). Türkiye’de Asker-Hükümet İlişkisi: Albay Talat Aydemir Örneği. Akademik Bakis, 1(2), 35–68.
- Çelikoğlu, A. (2010). Bir darbeci subayın anıları: 27 mayıs öncesi ve sonrası. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
- Çalmuk, F. (2017). 15 Temmuz’un Kahramanlık Hikayeleri: Ayyıldızın Çocukları. Ankara: Hoton.
- CIA. (1960a, December 27). Late item. Turkish military seizes government. Central Intelligence Bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00975A005100230001-9.pdf
- CIA. (1960b, December 9). Interim president of Turkey critically ill. Central Intelligence Bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00975A005400340001-4.pdf
- CIA. (1961, May 23). France and the Algerian problem. National Intelligence Estimate Number 22-2-1961. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000541172.pdf
- CIA (1963a, May 21). Turkey: Abortive coup fails to draw military support. Central Intelligence Bulletin. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00975A007000230001-8.pdf
- Cizre-Sakallioglu, Ü., & Çınar, M. (2003, Spring/Summer). Turkey 2002: Kemalism, islamism and politics in the light of February 28 process. The South Atlantic Quarterly, 102(2/3), 309–332.
- Cumhuriyet. (2018, March 16). 15 Temmuz’daki düğünün sahibi Emekli Korgeneral Şanver: Asker ‘hayır’ demeseydi bu darbe olurdu. Retrieved from http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/943427/15_Temmuz_daki_dugunun_sahibi_Emekli_Korgeneral_Sanver__Asker__hayir__demeseydi_bu_darbe_olurdu.html
- Demirel, T. (2003). The Turkish military’s decision to intervene: 12 september 1980. Armed Forces & Society, 29(2), 253–280.
- Demirel, T. (2004). Soldiers and Civilians: The dilemma of Turkish democracy. Middle Eastern Studies, 40(1), 127–150.
- Dillon, R. S. (1998). Oral history interview with ambassador Robert S. Dillon/Interviewer: Charles Stuart Kennedy. Foreign affairs oral history collection, association for diplomatic studies and training, Arlington, VA. Retrieved from http://adst.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Dillon-Robert-S.pdf
- Durdu, F. (2017, January 16). 2. Ordu Komutanı İsmail Metin Temel: İnfazım için özel tim görevlendirilmiş. Habertürk. Retrieved from http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1352425-2-ordu-komutani-ismail-metin-temel-infazim-icin-ozel-tim-gorevlendirilmis
- Elibol, K. (2017 Temmuz 17). FETÖ’cü hainlerin başına ‘balyoz’ indi. Sözcü. Retrieved from http://www.sozcu.com.tr/2017/gundem/fetocu-hainlerin-basina-balyoz-indi-1934924/
- Ergin, S. (2017a, August 30). 15 Temmuz ve hava savaşları (9): Darbecilere direnen general darbeci diye içeri atılınca. Hürriyet. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/sedat-ergin/15-temmuz-ve-hava-savaslari-9-darbecilere-direnen-general-darbeci-diye-iceri-atilinca-40565204
- Erkanlı, O. (1972). Anılar… Sorunlar… Sorumlular. İstanbul: Baha.
- Esen, B., & Gümüşçü, Ş. (2017, January). Turkey: How the coup failed. Journal of Democracy, 28(1), 59–73.
- Esin, N. (2005). Devrim ve demokrasi: Bir 27 mayısçının anıları. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
- Geddes, B. (1999). What do we know about democratization after twenty years? Annual Review of Political Science, 2(1), 115.
- Geddes, B. (2009) How autocrats defend themselves against armed rivals. SSRN eLibrary.
- Geddes, B. (2015). Review of seizing power: The strategic logic of military coups by Naunihal Singh. Political Science Quarterly, Fall. 130(3), 580–581.
- Goodspeed, D. J. (1962). The conspirators: A study of the coup d’état. London: Macmillan & Co Ltd.
- Gürsoy, Y. (2012). The final curtain for the Turkish armed forces? Civil-military relations in view of the 2011 general elections. Turkish Studies, 13(2), 191–211.
- Habertürk. (2016, September 30). 15 Temmuz’u 94 mezunu kurmay subaylar yaptı, Akın Öztürk kukla. Retrieved from http://www.haberturk.com/gundem/haber/1303708-15-temmuzu-94-mezunu-kurmay-subaylar-yapti
- Hale, W. (1994). Turkish politics and the military. London: Routledge.
- Harris, G. S. (1965a). The role of the military in Turkish politics, part I. Middle East Journal, 19(1), 54–66.
- Harris, G. S. (1965b). The role of the military in Turkish politics, part II. Middle East Journal, 19(2), 169–176.
- Harris, G. S. (2011). Military coups and Turkish democracy, 1960–1980. Turkish Studies, 12(2), 203–213.
- Heper, M. (2011). Civil-military relations in Turkey: Toward a liberal model? Turkish Studies. 12(2), 241–252.
- Heper, M., & Güney, A. (2000). The military and the consolidation of democracy: The recent Turkish experience. Armed Forces & Society, 26(4), 635–657.
- İlter, Z. (2003). Bir ömür boyu askerlik 1919–1972. İstanbul: Kastaş Yayınevi.
- Hurriyet. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/bulent-bostanoglu-darbe-gecesi-9-saat-dolasmis-140-telefon-gorusmesi-yapmis-40195070
- Hurriyet. (2017, February 3). İzmir’deki FETÖ davasında 7 aydır tutuklu Tümgeneral Sevil: Artık sapla samanı karıştırmamak lazım. Retrieved from http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/izmirdeki-feto-davasinda-7-aydir-tutuklu-tumge-40355169
- Kebschull, H. G. (1994). Operation ‘just missed’: Lessons from failed coup attempts. Armed Forces & Society: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4, 565.
- Küçük, S. (2008). Rumeli’den 27 Mayıs’a: İhtilalin kaderini belirleyen köşk harekatı. İstanbul: Mikado Yayınları.
- Kurzman, C. (2004). Can understanding undermine explanation? The confused experience of revolution. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 34(3), 328–351.
- Luttwak, E. (1979). Coup d’état: A practical handbook. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Marinov, N., & Goemans, H. (2014). Coups and democracy. British Journal of Political Science, 44(4), 799–825.
- Milliyet. (2017a, August 12). Son dakika: Polis telsizini gasp eden telsizdeki o hain’in kimliği belli oldu’. Retrieved from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/telsizdeki-o-hain-kuleli-komutani-gundem-2500774/
- Milliyet. (2017b, May 29). İzmir’de Fetö’nün darbe girişimine ilişkin dava. Retrieved from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/izmir-de-feto-nun-darbe-girisimine-iliskin-izmir-yerelhaber-2073641/
- Milliyet. (2017c, February 01). Fetö’den Yargılanan Topçu Tugay Komutanı Suçlamaları Reddetti. Retrieved from http://www.milliyet.com.tr/feto-den-yangilanan-topcu-tugay-komutani-izmir-yerelhaber-1815792/
- Nalle, B. B. (1998). Oral history interview with Beauveau B. Nalle/Interviewer: Thomas Dunnigan foreign affairs oral history collection, association for diplomatic studies and training, Arlington, VA. www.adst.org. Retrieved from http://www.adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Nalle,%20Beauveau%20B.toc.pdf
- Narli, N. (2000). Civil-military relations in turkey. Turkish Studies, 1(1), 107–127.
- Needler, M. (1966). Political development and military intervention in Latin America. The American Political Science Review, 60(3), 616–626.
- NTV. (2017, August 9). Metin İyidil savunma yaptı. Retrieved from https://www.ntv.com.tr/turkiye/metin-iyidil-savunma-yapti,cPRFX5-1606M6Ry2MGhUGQ
- Ohl, D., & Finkel, E. (2013) Coups and military ranks. Retrieved from https://gwucpw.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/ohl-finkel-cpw.pdf
- Okan, A. (2015). İsmi lazım değil: Hatırladıklarım, kırk ambar. İstanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat.
- Özbudun, E. (1966). The role of the military in recent Turkish politics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Öztürk, S. (2016). Kod Adı Mürted: Tanıklıklar, ifadeler ve belgeler ışığında 15 Temmuz. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
- Perkins, I. (2013). Vanishing coup: The pattern of world history since 1310. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
- Reif, L. L. (1984). Seizing control: Latin American military motives, capabilities, and risks. Armed Forces & Society, 10(4), 563–582.
- Roberts, A. (1975). Civil resistance to military coups. Journal of Peace Research, 12(1), 19–36.
- Sarıgil, Z. (2011). Civil-military relations beyond dichotomy: With special reference to Turkey. Turkish Studies, 12(2), 265–278.
- Sarıgil, Z. (2014). The Turkish military: Principal or agent? Armed Forces & Society, 40(1), 168–190.
- Sarp, A. (2009). Yaşadığım ordu: Türk ordusu üzerine. Ankara: Murat Kitabevi.
- Seyhan, D. (1966). Gölgedeki adam. İstanbul: Nurettin Uycan Matbaası.
- Shannon, M., Thyne, C., Hayden, S., & Dugan, A. (2015). The international community’s reaction to coups. Foreign Policy Analysis, 11(4), 363–376.
- Singh, N. (2014). Seizing power: The strategic logic of military coups. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Soviet Union-Russia Country Reader. n.d.. Foreign affairs oral history collection, association for diplomatic studies and training, arlington, va. Retrieved from https://adst.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Russia-1.pdf
- Subaşı, T. (2004). Bir arpa boyu −27 mayıs 1960 ihtilalinin gizli tarihi. İstanbul: Karakutu Yayınları.
- Tachau, F., & Heper, M. (1983). The state, politics, and the military in Turkey. Comparative Politics, 16(1), 17.
- Tanç, S. (2017). Bir cumhuriyet askerinin anıları. İstanbul: Doğan Kitap.
- TBMM. (2016a, October 18). Ümit dündar’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1743
- TBMM. (2016b, November 9). Arif çetin’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1775
- TBMM. (2016c, December 1). Hüseyin Kurtoğlu’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1804
- TBMM. (2016d, December 1). İbrahim Aydın’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1804
- TBMM. (2016e, November 17). Seyfullah Saldık’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1788
- TBMM. (2016f, October 13). Mustafa Önsel’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1742
- TBMM. (2016g. November 2). Testimonies by Galip Mendi and Mahmut Karaarslan to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1763
- TBMM.(2016h, November 23). Testimonies by Davut Ala Mahmut Pınarbaşı to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1797
- TBMM. (2016j, November 8). Celalettin Lekesiz’s testimony to the parliamentary commission investigating 15 July 2016 coup attempt. Retrieved from https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/komisyon_tutanaklari.goruntule?pTutanakId=1771
- Thyne, C., Powell, J., Parrott, S., & VanMeter, E. (2017). Even generals need friends: How domestic and international reactions to coups influence regime survival. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 62(7), 1406–1432.
- Thyne, C. L. (2010). Support of stability or agent of agitation? The effect of US foreign policy on coups in Latin America, 1960–99. Journal of Peace Research, 47(4), 449.
- Torumtay, N. (1993). Orgeneral Torumtay’ın anıları. İstanbul: Milliyet.
- Trinkunas, H. A. (2002). The crisis in Venezuelan civil-military relations: From Punto Fijo to the Fifth Republic. Latin American Research Review, 37(1), 41–76.
- Ulay, S. (1996). Giderayak. İstanbul: AD Yayıncılık.
- Varney, W., & Martin, B. (2000). Lessons from the 1991 soviet coup. Peace Research, 32(1), 52–68.
- Yeni Şafak. (2016). FETÖ'cü yarbay: sela okununca başarısız olduğumuzu anladım. Retrieved from https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/fetocu-yarbay-sela-okununca-basarisiz-oldugumuzu-anladim-2569898