Investigating instructional leadership in Kuwait's educational reform context: school leaders’ perspectives

References

• Abdullah, J. B., and J. M. Kassim. 2011. “Instructional Leadership and Attitude Towards Organizational Change among Secondary Schools Principal in Pahang, Malaysia.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 15: 3304–3309. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.290.
   Google Scholar
• Al-Azemi, A. 1999. “Evaluating the Instructional Leadership of the School Principal in the State of Kuwait.” PhD diss., University of Colorado. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6669197.
   Google Scholar
• Al Hosani, H. 2015. “Principals’ Instructional Leadership Practices and Their Relationship to Teachers’ Instructional Practices in Sharjah Schools.” Master’s diss., United Arab Emirates University. https://scholarworks.uaeu.ac.ae/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=all_theses.
   Google Scholar
• Alhouti, I., and T. Male. 2015. “Developing the Leadership Capability of School Principals at Public Intermediate Schools in Kuwait.” Paper presented at the annual conference of the British education studies association, Cardiff,June 25–26.
   Google Scholar
• Alig-Mielcarek, J. M. 2003. “A Model of School Success: Instructional Leadership, Academic Press, and Student Achievement.” PhD diss., Ohio State University.
   Google Scholar
• Alkandari, E. M. 2013. “Perceptions of the Effectiveness of Kuwait’s Strategic Education Planning Policy and Processes.” PhD diss., University of Leeds.
   Google Scholar
• Alkhoja, G., S. Halabi, M. Abdullah, and F. Al-Shamali. 2014. Kuwait Education Program Achievement Report: School Education Quality Improvement Program. Washington, DC: World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/530491468090852907/Kuwait-education-program-achievement-report-school-education-quality-improvement-program.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, R., and R. Soder. 1987. “Principal Leadership and Student Achievement.” Educational Leadership 44 (6): 9–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bengtson, Ed, and S. P. Connors. 2014. “Puppets and Puppeteers: External Mandates and the Instructional Practice of Two First-Year Teachers.” NCPEA International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation 9 (2): 128–152.
   Google Scholar
• Blase, J., and J. Blase. 1999. “Principals’ Instructional Leadership and Teacher Development: Teachers’ Perspectives.” Educational Administration Quarterly 35 (3): 349–378. doi:10.1177/0013161X99353003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bossert, S. T., D. C. Dwyer, B. Rowan, and G. V. Lee. 1982. “The Instructional Management Role of the Principal.” Educational Administration Quarterly 18 (3): 34–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bush, T. 2014. “Instructional Leadership in Centralized Contexts: Rhetoric or Reality?” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 42 (1): 3–5. doi:10.1177/1741143213507207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carraway, J. H., and T. Young. 2015. “Implementation of a Districtwide Policy to Improve Principals’ Instructional Leadership: Principals’ Sensemaking of the Skillful Observation and Coaching Laboratory.” Educational Policy 29 (1): 230–256. doi:10.1177/0895904814564216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, L., L. Manion, and K. Morrison. 2007. Research Methods in Education. 6th ed. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Dinham, S. 2013. “Connecting Clinical Teaching Practice with Instructional Leadership.” Australian Journal of Education 57 (3): 225–236. doi:10.1177/0004944113495503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumus, S., and M. Akcaoglu. 2013. “Instructional Leadership in Turkish Primary Schools: An Analysis of Teachers’ Perceptions and Current Policy.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 41 (3): 289–302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P. 2003. “Leading Educational Change: Reflections on the Practice of Instructional and Transformational Leadership.” Cambridge Journal of Education 33 (3), doi:10.1080/0305764032000122005.
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P. 2005. “Instructional Leadership and the School Principal: A Passing Fancy That Refuses to Fade Away.” Leadership and Policy in Schools 4 (3): 221–239. doi:10.1080/15700760500244793.
   Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P. 2011. “A Review of Three Decades of Doctoral Studies Using the Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale: A Lens on Methodological Progress in Educational Leadership.” Educational Administration Quarterly 47 (2): 271–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P., and M. Lee. 2013. “Exploring Principal Capacity to Lead Reform of Teaching and Learning Quality in Thailand.” International Journal of Educational Development 33 (4): 305–315. doi:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2012.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P., and M. Lee. 2014. “Mapping Instructional Leadership in Thailand: Has Education Reform Impacted Principal Practice?” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 42 (1): 6–29. doi:10.1177/1741143213502196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallinger, P., and J. Murphy. 1985. “Assessing the Instructional Leadership Behavior of Principals.” Elementary School Journal 86 (2): 217–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harber, C., and L. Davies. 1998. School Management and Effectiveness in Developing Countries: The Post-Bureaucratic School. London: Continuum.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, A., M. Jones, K. Cheah, E. Devadason, and D. Adams. 2017. “Exploring Principals’ Instructional Leadership Practices in Malaysia: Insights and Implications.” Journal of Educational Administration 55 (2): 207–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heck, R. H., T. J. Larsen, and G. A. Marcoulides. 1990. “Instructional Leadership and School Achievement: Validation of a Causal Model.” Educational Administration Quarterly 26 (2): 94–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalman, M., and M. C. Arslan. 2016. “School Principals’ Evaluations of Their Instructional Leadership Behaviours: Realities vs. Ideals.” School Leadership & Management 36 (5): 508–530. doi:10.1080/13632434.2016.1247049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaparou, M., and T. Bush. 2015. “Instructional Leadership in Centralised Systems: Evidence From Greek High-Performing Secondary Schools.” School Leadership & Management 35 (3): 321–345. doi:10.1080/13632434.2015.1041489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krathwohl, D. R. 2009. Methods of Educational and Social Science Research: The Logic of Methods. 3rd ed. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Pr.
   Google Scholar
• Krippendorff, K. 2004. “Reliability in Content Analysis: Some Common Misconceptions and Recommendations.” Human Communication Research 30 (3): 411–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruger, A. G. 2003. “Instructional Leadership: The Impact on the Culture of Teaching and Learning in Two Effective Secondary Schools.” South African Journal of Education 23 (3): 206–211.
   Google Scholar
• Kuwait News Agency. 2015. “Education Minister: Kuwait is Working Hard on the Development of Science and Technology.” AlRai, October 4.  http://www.alraimedia.com/ar/article/local/2015/10/04/625025/nr/nc.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, E., and D. Cheung. 2013. “Implementing a New Senior Secondary Curriculum in Hong Kong: Instructional Leadership Practices and Qualities of School Principals.” School Leadership & Management 33 (4): 322–353. doi:10.1080/13632434.2013.813459.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, M., and P. Hallinger. 2012. “National Contexts Influencing Principals” Time Use and Allocation: Economic Development, Societal Culture, and Educational System.” School Effectiveness and School Improvement 23 (4): 461–482. doi:10.1080/09243453.2012.678862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., P. Hallinger, and A. Walker. 2012. “A Distributed Perspective on Instructional Leadership in International Baccalaureate (IB) Schools.” Educational Administration Quarterly 48 (4): 664–698. doi:10.1177/0013161X11436271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., A. Walker, and Y. Ling Chui. 2012. “Contrasting Effects of Instructional Leadership Practices on Student Learning in a High Accountability Context.” Journal of Educational Administration 50 (5): 586–611. doi:10.1108/09578231211249835.
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood, K., A. Harris, and D. Hopkins. 2008. “Seven Strong Claims About Successful School Leadership.” School Leadership & Management 28 (1): 27–42. doi:10.1080/13632430701800060.
   Google Scholar
• Leithwood, K., B. Mascall, T. Strauss, R. Sacks, N. Memon, and A. Yashkina. 2007. “Distributing Leadership to Make Schools Smarter: Taking the Ego Out of the System.” Leadership and Policy in Schools 6 (1): 37–67. doi:10.1080/15700760601091267.
   Google Scholar
• Mattar, D. 2012. “Instructional Leadership in Lebanese Public Schools.” Educational Management Administration & Leadership 40 (4): 509–531. doi:10.1177/1741143212438222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullis, I. V. S., M. O. Martin, P. Foy, and A. Arora. 2012. TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. Chestnut Hill, MA: TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Boston College.
   Google Scholar
• Neuendorf, K. A. 2001. The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, F. S. D., T. D. Nguyen, K. S. B. Wong, and K. W. W. Choy. 2015. “Instructional Leadership Practices in Singapore.” School Leadership & Management 35 (4): 388–407. doi:10.1080/13632434.2015.1010501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIE-Singapore and NCED-Kuwait. 2013. A Diagnostic Study of Education in Kuwait. Singapore: National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University.
   Google Scholar
• Oplatka, I. 2004. “The Principalship in Developing Countries: Context, Characteristics and Reality.” Comparative Education 40 (3): 427–448. doi:10.1080/0305006042000274872.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. Q. 1980. Qualitative Evaluation Methods. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Rowan, B. 1990. “Commitment and Control : Alternative Strategies for the Organizational Design of Schools.” Review of Research in Education 16: 353–389.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahin, S. 2011. “Relationship Between Instructional Leadership Style and School Culture (Izmir Case).” Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 11: 1920–1927.
   Google Scholar
• Sarikaya, N., and Ç Erdogan. 2016. “Relationship Between the Instructional Leadership Behaviors of High School Principals and Teachers’ Organizational Commitment.” Journal of Education and Practice 7 (3): 72–82.
   Google Scholar
• Setwong, R., and T. Prasertcharoensuk. 2013. “The Influence of Instructional Leadership of School Administrators on School Effectiveness.” Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 106: 2859–2865. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.331.
   Google Scholar
• Stemler, S. 2001. “An Overview of Content Analysis.” Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation 7 (17): 1–10. http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7&n=17.
   Google Scholar
• Winokur, I. K. 2014. “From Centralized Education to Innovation: Cultural Shifts in Kuwait’s Education System.” In Education for a Knowledge Society in Arabian Gulf Countries (International Perspectives on Education and Society, Vol. 24), edited by Alexander W. Wiseman, Naif H. Alromi, and Saleh Alshumrani, 103–124. UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. doi:10.1108/S1479-367920140000024013.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2015. “Education in Kuwait Reflects Advice on How to Reform.” http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/03/27/education-in-kuwait-reflects-advice-on-how-to-reform.
   Google Scholar