Identification of Torsionally Stiff and Flexible Asymmetric Systems, and Their Comparative Seismic Response Evaluation for Low-Rise Frames

References

• American Society of Civil Engineers. 2022. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE/SEI 7-22). Reston, Va./USA.
   Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos, S. A., C. Alexopoulou, and K. G. Stathopoulos. 2010. An answer to an important controversy and the need for caution when using simple models to predict inelastic earthquake response of buildings with torsion. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 39 (5):521–40. doi:10.1002/eqe.957.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos, S. A., M. T. Krykos, and K. G. Stathopoulos. 2015. Earthquake induced torsion in buildings: Critical review and state of the art. Earthquakes and Structures 121 (2):305–77. doi:10.12989/eas.2015.8.2.305.
   Google Scholar
• Annigeri, S., A. K. Mittal, and S. K. Jain. 1996. Uncoupled frequency ratio in asymmetric buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 25 (8):871–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199608)25:8<871:AID-EQE593>3.0.CO;2-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu, D., and S. K. Jain. 2007. Alternative method to locate center of rigidity in asymmetric buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 36 (7):965–73. doi:10.1002/eqe.658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandler, A. M., and X. N. Duan. 1997. Performance of asymmetric code‐designed buildings for serviceability and ultimate limit states. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 26 (7):717–35. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199707)26:7<717:AID-EQE672>3.0.CO;2-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Correnza, J. C., G. L. Hutchinson, and A. M. Chandler. 1995. Seismic response of flexible-edge elements in code-designed torsionally unbalanced structures. Engineering Structures 17 (3):158–66. doi:10.1016/0141-0296(94)00001-A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeBock, D. J., A. B. Liel, C. B. Haselton, J. D. Hooper, and R. A. Henige. 2014. Importance of seismic design accidental torsion requirements for building collapse capacity. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 43 (6):831–50. doi:10.1002/eqe.2375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De La Llera, J. C., and A. K. Chopra. 1994. Accidental torsion in buildings due to base rotational excitation. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 23 (9):1003–22. doi:10.1002/eqe.4290230906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doudoumis, J. N., and A. M. Athanatopoulou. 2008. Invariant torsion properties of multistorey asymmetric buildings. The Structural Design of Tall & Special Buildings 17 (1):79–97. doi:10.1002/tal.320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Committee for Standardization. 2004. EN998-1 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance. Brussels, Belgium.
   Google Scholar
• Ghersi, A., and P. P. Rossi. 2000. Formulation of design eccentricity to reduce ductility demand in asymmetric buildings. Engineering Structures 22 (7):857–71. doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(98)00064-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel, R. K., and A. K. Chopra. 1991. Effects of plan asymmetry in inelastic seismic response of one-story systems. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering 117 (5):1492–513. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:5(1492).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goel, R. K., and A. K. Chopra. 1994. Dual-level approach for seismic design of asymmetric-plan buildings. Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE 120 (1):161–79. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:1(161).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harasimowicz, A. P., and R. K. Goel. 1998. Seismic code analysis of multi-storey asymmetric buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 27 (2):173–85. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9845(199802)27:2<173:AID-EQE724>3.0.CO;2-W.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaatsız, K., and H. Sucuoğlu. 2019. The role of overstrength on the seismic performance of asymmetric‐plan structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 48 (4):412–31. doi:10.1002/eqe.3142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyrkos, M. T., and S. A. Anagnostopoulos. 2013. Improved earthquake resistant design of eccentric steel buildings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 47:144–56. doi:10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.07.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucchini, A., G. Monti, and S. Kunnath. 2011. Nonlinear response of two-way asymmetric single-story building under biaxial excitation. Journal of Structural Engineering 137 (1):34–40. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makarios, T. 2008. Practical calculation of the torsional stiffness radius of multi-storey tall buildings. The Structural Design of Tall & Special Buildings 17 (1):39–65. doi:10.1002/tal.316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makarios, T., and K. Anastassiadis. 1998. Real and fictitious elastic axes of multi-storey buildings: Theory. The Structural Design of Tall Buildings 7 (1):33–55. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199803)7:1<33:AID-TAL95>3.0.CO;2-D.
   Google Scholar
• Marino, E. M., and P. P. Rossi. 2004. Exact evaluation of the location of the optimum torsion axis. The Structural Design of Tall & Special Buildings 13 (4):277–90. doi:10.1002/tal.252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marusic, D., and P. Fajfar. 2005. On the inelastic seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-axial excitation. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34:943–63. doi:10.1002/eqe.463.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moghadam, A. S., and W. K. Tso. 2000. Extension of Eurocode 8 torsional provisions to multi-storey buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 4 (1):25–41. doi:10.1080/13632460009350361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation. V. 3.3.0. 2022. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Palermo, M., S. Silvestri, G. Gasparini, and T. Trombetti. 2017. A comprehensive study on the seismic response of one-storey asymmetric systems. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 15 (4):1497–517. doi:10.1007/s10518-016-0030-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEER Ground Motion Database. 2022. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu
   Google Scholar
• Perus, I., and P. Fajfar. 2005. On the inelastic torsional response of single-story structures under bi-axial excitation. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 34 (8):931–41. doi:10.1002/eqe.462.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiga, T. 1965. Torsional vibration of multi-storied buildings. In Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, ed. J. H. Van Roekel, vol. 2, 569–84. Auckland, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Sucuoğlu, H., and K. Kaatsız. 2021. Torsional ductility spectrum for predicting ductility distribution in simple asymmetric-plan structures. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 50 (2):538–59. doi:10.1002/eqe.3345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terzi, V. G., and A. Athanatopoulou. 2021. Optimum torsion axis in multistory buildings under earthquake excitation: A new criterion based on axis of twist. Engineering Structures 249:24913356. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.113356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombetti, T., and J. P. Conte. 2005. New insight into and simplified approach to seismic analysis of torsionally coupled one-storey, elastic systems. Journal of Sound and Vibration 286 (1–2):265–312. doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2004.10.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trombetti, T., S. Silvestri, G. Gasparini, B. Pintucchi, and M. De Stefano. 2008. Numerical verification of the effectiveness of the “Alpha” method for the estimation of the maximum rotational elastic response of eccentric systems. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 12 (2):249–80. doi:10.1080/13632460701385374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tso, W. K., and T. J. Zhu. 1992. Design of torsionally unbalanced structural systems based on code provisions I: Ductility demand. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 21 (7):609–27. doi:10.1002/eqe.4290210704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar