Numerical study of transient evolution of lifted jet flames: partially premixed flame propagation and influence of physical dimensions

References

• N. Peters, Turbulent Combustion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• W. Pitts, Assessment of theories for the behavior and blowout of lifted turbulent jet diffusion flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 22 (1988), pp. 809–816.
   Google Scholar
• K. Lyons, Toward an understanding of the stabilization mechanisms of lifted turbulent jet flames: experiments, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 33 (2007), pp. 211–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Lawn, Lifted flames on fuel jets in co-flowing air, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 35 (2009), pp. 1–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Ruan, N. Swaminathan, and O. Darbyshire, Modelling of turbulent lifted jet flames using flamelets: a priori assessment and a posteriori validation, Combust. Theory Model. 18 (2014), pp. 295–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Z. Chen, S. Ruan, and N. Swaminathan, Simulation of turbulent lifted methane jet flames: effects of air-dilution and transient flame propagation, Combust. Flame 162 (2015), pp. 703–716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Bradley, P. Gaskell, and A. Lau, A mixedness-reactedness flamelet model for turbulent diffusion flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 23 (1990), pp. 685–692.
   Google Scholar
• J.B. Michel, O. Colin, C. Angelberger, and D. Veynante, Using the tabulated diffusion flamelet model ADF–PCM to simulate a lifted methane–air jet flame, Combust. Flame 156 (2009), pp. 1318–1331. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.COMBUSTFLAME.2008.12.012.
   Google Scholar
• C. Müller, H. Breitbach, and N. Peters, Partially premixed turbulent flame propagation in jet flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 25 (1994), pp. 1099–1106.
   Google Scholar
• C. Devaud and K. Bray, Assessment of the applicability of conditional moment closure to a lifted turbulent flame: first order model, Combust. Flame 132 (2003), pp. 102–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Poinsot and D. Veynante, Theoretical and Numerical Combustion, 2nd ed., Edwards, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• N. Swaminathan and K. Bray (eds.), Turbulent premixed flames, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• J. Driscoll, Turbulent premixed combustion: flamelet structure and its effect on turbulent burning velocities, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 34 (2008), pp. 91–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Im and J. Chen, Effects of flow strain on triple flame propagation, Combust. Flame 126 (2001), pp. 1384–1392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Yoo and H. Im, Transient dynamics of edge flames in a laminar nonpremixed hydrogen–air counterflow, Proc. Combust. Inst. 30 (2004), pp. 349–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Pantano, Direct simulation of non-premixed flame extinction in a methane–air jet with reduced chemistry, J. Fluid Mech. 514 (2004), pp. 231–270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Chakraborty and E. Mastorakos, Numerical investigation of edge flame propagation characteristics in turbulent mixing layers, Phys. Fluids 18 (2006), Article ID 105103. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2357972.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Lacaze, E. Richardson, and T. Poinsot, Large eddy simulation of spark ignition in a turbulent methane jet, Combust. Flame 156 (2009), pp. 1993–2009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W. Jones and V. Prasad, LES–PDF simulation of a spark iginited turbulent methane jet, Proc. Combust. Inst. 33 (2011), pp. 1355–1363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Ahmed and E. Mastorakos, Spark ignition of lifted turbulent jet flames, Combust. Flame 146 (2006), pp. 215–231. Available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.03.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Ruan, N. Swaminathan, K. Bray, Y. Mizobuchi, and T. Takeno, Scalar and its dissipation in the near field of turbulent lifted jet flame, Combust. Flame 159 (2012), pp. 591–608.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. Kolla, J. Rogerson, N. Chakraborty, and N. Swaminathan, Scalar dissipation rate modeling and its validation, Combust. Sci. Technol. 181 (2009), pp. 518–535.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Darbyshire and N. Swaminathan, A presumed joint PDF model for turbulent combustion with varying equivalence ratio, Combust. Sci. Technol. 184 (2012), pp. 2036–2067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O. Darbyshire, N. Swaminathan, and S. Hochgreb, The effects of small-scale mixing models on the prediction of turbulent premixed and stratified combustion, Combust. Sci. Technol. 182 (2010), pp. 1141–1170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Ahmed and N. Swaminathan, Simulation of spherically expanding turbulent premixed flames, Combust. Sci. Technol. 185 (2013), pp. 1509–1540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I. Ahmed and N. Swaminathan, Simulation of turbulent explosion of hydrogen–air mixtures, Int. J. Hydr. Energy 39 (2014), pp. 9562–9572. Available at https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.03.246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Ruan, N. Swaminathan, M. Isono, T. Saitoh, and K. Saitoh, Simulation of premixed combustion with varying equivalence ratio in gas turbine combustor, J. Propulsion Power 31 (2015), pp. 861–871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Bilger, S. Stårner, and R. Kee, On reduced mechanisms for methane–air combustion in nonpremixed flames, Combust. Flame 80 (1990), pp. 135–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Nelsen, An Introduction to Copulas, Springer, New York, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• D.C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, DCW Industries, La Cañada Flintridge, CA, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• W. Jones and M. Kakhi, PDF modeling of finite-rate chemistry effects in turbulent nonpremixed jet flames, Combust. Flame 115 (1998), pp. 210–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Tieszen, D. Stamps, and T. O’Hern, A heuristic model of turbulent mixing applied to blowout of turbulent jet diffusion flames, Combust. Flame 106 (1996), pp. 442–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Richards and W. Pitts, Global density effects on the self-preservation behaviour of turbulent free jets, J. Fluid Mech. 254 (1993), pp. 417–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Mansour, Stability characteristics of lifted turbulent partially premixed jet flames, Combust. Flame 133 (2003), pp. 263–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Peters, P. Terhoeven, J. Chen, and T. Echekki, Statistics of flame displacement speeds from computations of 2-D unsteady methane–air flames, Proc. Combust. Inst. 27 (1998), pp. 833–839. Available at https://dx.doi.org//10.1016/S0082-0784(98)80479-7.
   Google Scholar
• T. Dunstan, N. Swaminathan, and K. Bray, Influence of flame geometry on turbulent premixed flame propagation: a DNS investigation, J. Fluid Mech. 709 (2012), pp. 191–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Dunstan, N. Swaminathan, K. Bray, and R. Cant, Geometrical properties and turbulent flame speed measurements in stationary premixed v-flames using direct numerical simulation, Flow Turbul. Combust. 87 (2011), pp. 237–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar