Quasi-steady combustion of normal-alkane droplets supported by Cool-Flame chemistry near diffusive extinction

References

• E. Ranzi, P. Gaffuri, T. Faravelli, and P. Dagaut, A wide-range modelling study of n-heptane oxidation, Combust. Flame. 103 (1995), pp. 91–106. doi: 10.1016/0010-2180(95)00091-J
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.J. Curran, P. Gaffuri, W.J. Pitz, and C.K. Westbrook, A comprehensive modeling study of n-heptane oxidation, Combust. Flame. 114 (1998), pp. 149–177. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00282-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.K. Westbrook, W.J. Pitz, O. Herbinet, H.J. Curran, and E.J. Silke, A comprehensive detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for combustion of n-alkane hydrocarbons from n-octane to n-hexadecane, Combust. Flame. 156 (2009), pp. 181–199. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.07.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Cuoci, M. Mehl, G. Buzzi-Ferraris, T. Faravelli, D. Manca, and E. Ranzi, Autoignition and burning rates of fuel droplets under microgravity, Combust. Flame. 143 (2005), pp. 211–226. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.06.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Nayagam, D.L. Dietrich, P. Ferkul, M.C. Hicks, and F.A. Williams, Can cool flames support quasi-steady alkane droplet burning?, Combust. Flame. 159 (2012), pp. 3583–3588. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Saxena and I.D. Bedoya, Fundamental phenomena affecting low temperature combustion and HCCI engines, high load limits and strategies for extending these limits, Prog. Energy. Combust. Sci. 145 (2013), pp. 457–488. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2013.05.002
   Google Scholar
• R.D. Reitz, Directions in internal combustion research, Combust. Flame. 160 (2013), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.I. Farouk and F.L. Dryer, Isolated n-heptane droplet combustion in microgravity: “cool flames” two-stage combustion, Combust. Flame. 161 (2014), pp. 565–581. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Cuoci, A. Frassoldati, T. Faravelli, and E. Ranzi, Cool Flames in Droplet Combustion, in XXXVI Meeting of the Italian Section of the Combustion Institute, 2013
   Google Scholar
• T.I. Farouk, M.C. Hicks, and F.L. Dryer, Multistage oscillatory “Cool Flame” behavior for isolated alkane droplet combustion in elevated pressure microgravity condition, Proc. Combust. Inst. 35 (2015), pp. 1701–1708. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.I. Farouk, D. Dietrich, F.E. Alam, and F.L. Dryer, Isolated n-decane droplet combustion - dual stage and single stage transition to ”cool flame” droplet burning, Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 (2017), pp. 2523–2530. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2016.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Cuoci, A.E. Saufi, A. Frassoldati, D.L. Dietrich, F.A. Williams, and T. Faravelli, Flame extinction and low-temperature combustion of isolated fuel droplets of n-alkanes, Proc. Combust. Inst. 36 (2017), pp. 2531–2539. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2016.08.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T.I. Farouk, D. Dietrich, and F.L. Dryer, Three stage cool flame droplet burning behavior of n-alkane droplets at elevated pressure conditions, Proc. Combust. Inst.37 (2019), pp. 3353–3361. doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2018.09.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D.L. Dietrich, V. Nayagam, M.C. Hicks, P.V. Ferkul, F.L. Dryer, T. Farouk, B.D. Shaw, H.K. Suh, M.Y. Choi, Y.C. Liu, C.T. Avedisian, and F.A. Williams, Droplet combustion experiments aboard the international space station, Microgravity. Sci. Technol. 26 (2014), pp. 65–76. doi: 10.1007/s12217-014-9372-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Nayagam, D.L. Dietrich, M.C. Hicks, and F.A. Williams, Cool-flame extinction during n-alkane droplet combustion in microgravity, Combust. Flame. 162 (2015), pp. 2140–2147. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.C. Liu, Y. Xu, M.C. Hicks, and C.T. Avedisian, Comprehensive study of initial diameter effects and other observations on convection-free droplet combustion in the standard atmosphere for n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane, Combust. Flame. 171 (2016), pp. 27–41. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Nayagam, D.L. Dietrich, and F.A. Williams, Partial-burning regime for quasi-steady droplet combustion supported by cool flames, AIAA J. 54 (2016), pp. 1235–1239. doi: 10.2514/1.J054437
   Google Scholar
• D.L. Dietrich, R. Calabria, P. Massoli, V. Nayagam, and F.A. Williams, Experimental observations of the low-temperature burning of decane/hexanol droplets in microgravity, Combust. Sci. Technol. 189 (2017), pp. 520–554. doi: 10.1080/00102202.2016.1225730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• N. Peters, G. Paczko, R. Seiser, and K. Seshadri, Temperature cross-over and non-thermal runway at two-stage ignition of n-heptane, Combust. Flame. 128 (2002), pp. 38–59. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(01)00331-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. Paczko, N. Peters, K. Seshadri, and F.A. Williams, The role of cool-flame chemistry in quasi-steady combustion and extinction of n-heptane droplets, Combust. Theory Model. 18 (2014), pp. 515–531. doi: 10.1080/13647830.2014.934296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.C. Prince, F.A. Williams, and G.E. Ovando, A short mechanisms for the low-temperature ignition of n-heptane at high pressures, Fuel 149 (2015), pp. 138–142. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.063
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Seshadri, N. Peters, F.A. Williams, V. Nayagam, and G. Paczko, Asymptotic analysis of quasi-steady n-heptane droplet combustion supported by cool-flame chemistry, Combust. Theory Model. 20 (2016), pp. 1118–1130. doi: 10.1080/13647830.2016.1248494
   Google Scholar
• J.C. Prince and F.A. Williams, Short chemical-kinetic mechanisms for low-temperature ignition of propane and ethane, Combust. Flame. 159 (2012), pp. 2336–2344. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.02.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Liñán, The asymptotic structure of counterflow diffusion flames for large activation energies, Acta. Astronaut. 1 (1974), pp. 1007–1039. doi: 10.1016/0094-5765(74)90066-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Gaffuri, T. Faravelli, E. Ranzi, N.P. Cernensky, D. Miller, A. d'Anna, and A. Ciajolo, Comprehensive kinetic model for the low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons, AIChE J. 43 (1997), pp. 1278–1286. doi: 10.1002/aic.690430516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.C. Prince and F.A. Williams, Revised short mechanisms for low-temperature ignition of n-hepane for a wider pressure range, Fuel 150 (2015), pp. 730–731. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.D. Shaw and J.B. Wei, Influence of gravity and ambient pressure on combustion and flammability of n-heptane and 1-propanol droplets in air-diluent environments, Combust. Sci. Technol. 183 (2011), pp. 969–983. doi: 10.1080/00102202.2010.498798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.L. Sanchez and F.A. Williams, Recent advances in understanding of flammability characteristics of hydrogen, Prog. Energy. Combust. Sci. 41 (2014), pp. 1–55. doi: 10.1016/j.pecs.2013.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C.K. Law and F.A. Williams, Kinetics and convection in the combustion of alkane droplets, Combust. Flame. 19 (1972), pp. 393–405. doi: 10.1016/0010-2180(72)90009-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar