777
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Papers

Saying ‘No’ to PrEP research in Malawi: what constitutes ‘failure’ in offshored HIV prevention research?

, , &
Pages 278-294 | Received 09 Jul 2015, Accepted 31 Jul 2015, Published online: 30 Sep 2015

References

  • Benton, Adia. 2015. AIDS Exceptionalism: Development through Disease in Sierra Leone. University of Minnesota Press.
  • Broadhead, Robert L. and Adamson S. Muula. 2002. “Creating a Medical School for Malawi: Problems and Achievements.” British Medical Journal 325: 384–387.
  • Chase, Marilyn. 2005. “Tenofovir Prevention Study Problems: AIDS Scientists, Activists Fail to Fully Resolve Rift Over Trials.” Wall Street Journal. May 24.
  • Chigwedere, Edward. 2009. “The Malawi Story.” In Oral Tenofovir Controversy II, edited by Morenike Ukpong, and Kris Peterson. Lagos: NVHMAS. Available from http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/TDF2.pdf
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe. 2005. “Pharmaceutical Colonialism in Africa.” Le Monde Diplomatique. August.
  • Choopanya, Kachit, Michael Martin, Pravan Suntharasamai, Udomsak Sangkum, Philip A Mock, et al., for the Bangkok Tenofovir Study Group. 2013. “Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 trial.” The Lancet 381: 2083–2090.
  • COMREC. No Date. “The Relationship between CoMREC's (sic) and NHSRC.” College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee. http://www.medcol.mw/comrec/the-relationship-between-comrecs-and-nhsrc-2/. Accessed January 15, 2015.
  • Cohen, Lawrence. 1999. “Where it Hurts: Indian Material for an Ethics of Organ Transplantation.” Daedalus. Fall 128(4): 135–165.
  • Cooper, Melinda. 2008. Life as Surplus: Biotechnology and Capitalism in the Neoliberal Era. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
  • Cooper, Melinda, and Catherine Waldby. 2014. Clinical Labor: Tissue Donors and Research Subjects in the Global Bioeconomy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Craddock, Susan. 2000. “Disease, Social Identity, and Risk: Rethinking the Geography of AIDS.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 25 (2): 153–168.
  • Crane, Johanna. 2013. Scrambling for Africa: AIDS, Expertise, and the Rise of American Global Health Science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Dumit, Joseph. 2012. “Prescription Maximization and the Accumulation of Surplus Health in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The ‘Biomarx’ Experiment.” In Lively Capital: Biotechnologies, Ethics and Governance in Global Markets, edited by. Kaushik Sunder Rajan, 45–92. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Eshleman, S. H., D. R. Hoover, S. Chen, S. E. Hudelson, L. A. Guay, A. Mwatha, and T. Taha. 2005. Resistance After Single-dose Nevirapine Prophylaxis Emerges in a high proportion of Malawian newborns. AIDS 19 (18): 2167–2169.
  • Fairhead, James, Melissa Leach, and M. Small. 2006. “Where Techno-Science Meets Poverty: Medical Research and the Economy of Blood in The Gambia, West Africa.” Social Science & Medicine 63 (4): 1109–1120.
  • Farmer, Paul. 2002. “Can Transnational Research be Ethical in the Developing World?” The Lancet 360 (9342): 1266.
  • Feierman, Steven, and John Janzen. 1992. The Social Basis of Health and Healing in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Fisher, Jill. 2009. Medical Research for Hire: The Political Economy of Pharmaceutical Clinical Trials. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, and Dan Allman. 2011. “Clinical Trials As An Industry And An Employer Of Labour.” Journal of Cultural Economy 4 (1): 97–104.
  • Forbes, Anna. 2013. “Mobilizing Women at the Grassroots to Shape Health Policy: A Case Study of the Global Campaign for Microbicides.” Reproductive Health Matters 21 (42): 174–183.
  • Forbes, Anna, and Sanushka Mudaliar. 2009. “Preventing Prevention Trial Failures: A Case Study and Lessons for Future Trials from the 2004 Tenofovir Trial in Cambodia.” Global Campaign for Microbicides. Available at http://www.global-campaign.org/clientfiles/Cambodia.pdf.
  • Geissler, Wenzel, ed. 2015. Para-States and Medical Science: Making African Global Health. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Geissler, P. Wenzel, Anne Kelly, Babatunde Imoukhuede, and Robert Pool. 2008. “‘He is Now Like a Brother, I Can Even Give Him Some Blood’ - Relational Ethics and Material Exchanges in a Malaria Vaccine Trial Community in The Gambia.” Social Science & Medicine 67 (5): 696–707.
  • Geissler, Wenzel P, and Molyneux. 2011. Evidence, Ethos and Experiment: The Anthropology and History of Medical Research in Africa. New York: Berghahn Books.
  • Gikonyo, Caroline, Philip Bejon, Vicki Marsh, and Sassy Molyneux. 2008. “Taking Social Relationships Seriously: Lessons Learned from the Informed Consent Practices of a Vaccine Trial on the Kenyan Coast.” Social Science & Medicine 67 (5): 708–720.
  • Grant, RM, S Buchbinder, W Jr Cates, et al. 2005. “Promote HIV Chemoprophylaxis Research, Don't Prevent It.” Science 309: 2170–2171.
  • Hamdy, Sherine. 2012. Our Bodies Belong to God: Organ Transplants, Islam, and the Struggle for Human Dignity in Egypt. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Heise, Lori, and Elias Christopher. 1995. “Transforming AIDS Prevention to Meet Women's Needs: A Focus on Developing Countries.” Social Science and Medicine 40 (7): 931–943.
  • HTPN. No Date. “About the HTPN.” http://www.hptn.org/AboutHPTN.htm. Accessed May 15, 2014.
  • Hunt, Nancy. 1999. A Colonial Lexicon of Birth Ritual, Medicalization, and Mobility in The Congo. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • International AIDS Society. 2005. “Building Collaboration to Advance HIV Prevention - Global Consultation on Tenofovir Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Research: Report of a consultation convened by the International AIDS Society on behalf of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,” Atlanta, GA: US National Institutes of Health and US Centers for Disease Control. September.
  • Kaplan, Karen. 2009. “The Thailand Story.” In Oral Tenofovir Controversy II, edited by Morenike Ukpong, and Kris Peterson. Lagos: NVHMAS. Available at http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/TDF2.pdf
  • Jintarkanon, Seree, Supatra Nakapiew, Nimit Tienudom, Paisan Suwannawong, et al. 2005. “Unethical clinical Trials in Thailand: a Community Response.” The Lancet May 7-May 13: 1617–1618.
  • Kalipeni, Ezekiel. 2004. “Structural Adjustment and the Health-Care Crisis in Malawi.” Proteus: A Journal of Ideas 21,1 (Spring): 23–30.
  • Kalipeni, Ezekiel, and Jayati Ghosh. 2007. “Concern and practice among men about HIV/AIDS in low socioeconomic income areas of Lilongwe, Malawi.” Social Science & Medicine 64 (5): 1116–1127.
  • Kingori, Patricia. 2013. “Experiencing Everyday Ethics in Context: Frontline Data Collectors Perspectives and Practices of Bioethics.” Social Science & Medicine 98: 361–370.
  • Kirigia, Joses Muthuri, Damson D. Kathyola, Adamson S. Muula, and Martin Matthew Okechukwu Ota. 2015. “National Health Research System in Malawi: Dead, Moribund, Tepid or Flourishing?” BMC Health Services Research 15: 126. doi:10.1186/s12913-015-0796-1.
  • Lange, Joep M. A. 2005. “We Must Not Let Protestors Derail Trials of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV.” PLoS Medicine 2: e248.
  • Marrazzo, J. M, G. Ramjee, B. A. Richardson, K. Gomez, N. Mgodi, G. Nair, and Z. M. Chirenje (2015). “Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women.” New England Journal of Medicine 372 (6): 509–518.
  • Mkandawire, Thandika, and Charles Soludo. 1998. Our Continent, Our Future: African Perspectives on Structural Adjustment. Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA).
  • Mack, N., E. T. Robinson, K. M. MacQueen, J. Moffett, and L. M. Johnson 2010. “The exploitation of “exploitation” in the Tenofovir PrEP Trial in Cameroon: Lessons learned from media coverage of an HIV prevention trial.” Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 5 (2): 3–19.
  • Malawi College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins University Research Project. No date. http://www.jhsph.edu/research/affiliated-programs/malawi-college-of-medicine-johns-hopkins-research-project/.
  • Ministry of Health, Malawi. 2008. Treatment of AIDS: Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Therapy in Malawi. 3ed ed. Lilongwe, Malawi: Ministry of Health. http://www.aidstarone.com/sites/default/files/treatment_documents/hiv_treatment_guidelines_malawi_2008.pdf. Accessed November 25, 2013.
  • Mills, Edward J, Sonal Singh, Jerome A. Singh, James J. Orbinski, Mitchell Warren, and Ross E. Upshur. 2005. “Designing Research in Vulnerable Populations: Lessons from HIV Prevention Trials that Stopped Early.” British Medical Journal 331: 1403–1406.
  • Molyneux, Sassy, and Geissler P. Wenzel. 2008. “Ethics and the Ethnography of Medical Research in Africa.” Social Science & Medicine 67 (5): 685–695.
  • Muula, Adamson S, and Joseph M. Mfutso-Bengo. 2007. “Responsibilities and Obligations of Using Human Research Specimens Transported Across National Boundaries.” Journal of Medical Ethics 33: 35–38. doi: 10.1136/jme.2005.012492.
  • NCST. “Welcome to NCST.” National Commission for Science and Technology. http://www.ncst.mw/welcome-to-ncst/. Accessed January 15, 2015.
  • Ndebele, Paul, and Joseph Mfutso-Benga. 2007. “Conducting Medical Research in Malawi: What Researchers Need to Know.” In A Gateway to Biomedical Research in Africa, edited by Takafira Mduluza, 91–100.
  • Nguyen, Vinh-Kim. 2010. The Republic of Therapy: Triage and Sovereignty in West Africa's Time of AIDS. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Nguyen, Vinh-Kim. 2009. “Government-by-Exception: Enrolment and Experimentality in Mass HIV Treatment Programmes in Africa.” Social Theory & Health 7(3): 196–217.
  • NHVMAG. No date. Phase 2 Trial of Oral Tenofovir Use as a Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Infection in Nigeria: Report of the Outcome of Dialogue Between the Community and Researchers. Lagos, Nigeria: NHVMAS. http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/tdf.pdf.
  • Packard, Randall. 1989. White Plague, Black Labor: Tuberculosis and the Political Economy of Health and Disease in South Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Peterson, Kristin. 2014. Speculative Markets: Drug Circuits and Derivative Life in Nigeria. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
  • Peterson, Leigh, Doug Taylor, Ronald Roddy, Ghiorghis Belai, Pamela Phillips, Kavita Nanda, Robert Grant, Edith Essie Kekawo Clarke, Anderson Sama Doh, Renee Ridzon, Howard S. Jaffe, and Willard Cates. 2007. “Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Prevention of HIV Infection in Women: A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.” PLoS Clinical Trials May 25;2 (5): e27.
  • Petryna, Adriana. 2009. When Experiments Travel: Clinical Trials and the Global Search for Human Subjects. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Reynolds, Lindsey, Thomas Cousins, Marie-Louise Newell, and John Imrie. 2013. “The Social Dynamics of Consent and Refusal in HIV Surveillance in Rural South Africa.” Social Science & Medicine 77: 118–125.
  • Rosengarten, Marsha, and Mike Michael. 2009. “Rethinking the Bioethical Enactment of Medically Drugged Bodies: Paradoxes of Using Anti-HIV Drug Therapy as a Technology for Prevention.” Science as Culture 18 (2): 183–199.
  • Rosengarten, Marsha, and Mike Michael. 2013. Innovation and Biomedicine Ethics, Evidence and Expectation in HIV. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
  • Sandy, Larissa. 2012. “International Agendas and Sex Worker Rights in Cambodia.” In Social Activism in South East Asia, edited by Michele Ford, 154–169. London: Routledge.
  • Smith, Daniel. 2014. AIDS Doesn't Show It's Face: Inequality, Morality, and Social Change in Nigeria. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Sunder Rajan, Kaushik. 2007. “Experimental Values: Indian Clinical Trials and Surplus Health.” New Left Review 45 ( May/June): 67–88.
  • Sunder Rajan, Kaushik. 2012. “Pharmaceutical Crises and Questions of Value: Terrains and Logics of Global Therapeutic Politics.” South Atlantic Quarterly 111, no. 2 (spring): 321–346.
  • Turshen, Meredeth. 1999. Privatizing Health Services in Africa. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Ukpong, Morenike. 2009. “The Nigeria Story.” In Oral Tenofovir Controversy II: Voices from the Field, edited by Morenike Ukpong, and Kris Peterson. Lagos: NHVMAS. http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/TDF2.pdf
  • Ukpong, Morenike, and Kris Peterson, eds. 2009. Oral Tenofovir Controversy II: Voices from the Field. Lagos: NHVMAS. http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/TDF2.pdf.
  • UNAIDS. 2007. Good Participatory Practice Guidelines for Biomedical HIV Prevention Trials. Geneva: UNAIDS.
  • University of North Carolina Project Malawi. No Date. http://www.med.unc.edu/infdis/malawi.
  • Van Damme, Lut, Amy Corneli, Khatija Ahmed, Kawango Agot, Johan Lombaard, Saidi Kapiga, Mookho Malahleha, et al. 2012. “Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Infection Among African Women.” New England Journal of Medicine 367 (5): 411–422.
  • Vaughan, Megan. 1991. Curing Their Ills: Colonial Power and African Influence. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Watkins, Susan Cotts. 2004. “Navigating the AIDS Epidemic in Rural Malawi.” Population and Development Review 30 (4) ( December): 673–705.
  • Wendland, Claire L. 2008. “Research, Therapy, and Bioethical Hegemony: The Controversy over Perinatal AZT Trials in Africa.” African Studies Review 51 (3): 1–23.
  • Wendland, Claire L. 2010. A Heart for the Work: Journeys Through an African Medical School. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Yomgne, Calice Talon. 2009. “The Cameroon Story.” In Oral Tenofovir Controversy II, edited by Morenike Ukpong, and Kris Peterson. Lagos: NVHMAS. Available at http://www.nhvmas-ng.org/publication/TDF2.pdf

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.