85
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Validation of the factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in use by untrained psychiatrists in routine care

, &
Pages 53-60 | Received 11 Feb 2006, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987; 13: 261–76
  • Overall JE, Gorham DR. Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale. Psychol Rep 1962; 10: 799–812
  • Singh MM, Kay SR. Therapeutic antagonism between antiparkinsonism medication and neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Implications for a neuropharmacological model. Neuropsychobiology 1975; 5: 74–86
  • Crow T. Molecular pathology of schizophrenia: more than one dimension of pathology?. Br Med J 1980; 280: 66–8
  • Andreasen NC, Olsen SA. Negative vs. Positive schizophrenia: definition and validation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39: 789–94
  • Kay SR, Fiszbein A, Opler LA. Negative symptom rating scale: limitations in psychometric and research methodology. Psychiatry Res 1986; 19: 169–70
  • Kay SR, Opler LA, Lindenmayer JP. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): rationale and standardization. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155(S7)59–65
  • Kay SR, Singh MM. The positive-negative distinction in drug–free schizophrenic patients: Stability, response to neuroleptics, and prognostic significance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46: 711–8
  • Norman RMG, Malla AK, Cortese L, Diaz F. A study of the interrelationship between and comparative interrater reliability of the SAPS, SANS and PANSS. Schizophr Res 1996; 19: 73–85
  • Lancon C, Auquier P, Llorca PM, Martinez JL, Bougerol T, Scotto JC. Etude des propriétés psychométriques de la PANSS dans sa version en langue francaise dans une population de patients schizophrènes. L. Encéphale 1997; 23: 1–9
  • Peralta V, Cuesta M. Psychometric properties of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1994; 53: 31–40
  • Kay SR, Opler LA, Fiszbein A. Positive and Negative Syndrom Scale (PANSS): Manual. Multi-Health Systems Inc, North Tonawanda, NY 1992
  • Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 1984
  • Andreasen NC. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 1983
  • Welham J, Stedman T, Clair A. Choosing negative symptom instruments: issues of representation and redundancy. Psychiatry Res 1999; 87(1)47–56
  • Bell M, Milstein R, Beam-Goulet J, Lysaker P, Cicchetti D. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992; 180(11)723–8
  • Montgomery S, Asberg M. A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 1979; 134: 382–9
  • Wolthaus JE, Dingemans PM, Schene AH, Linszen DH, Knegtering H, Holthausen EA, Cahn W, Hijman R. Component Structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and spectrum disorders. Psychopharmacology 2000; 150(4)399–403
  • Lee KH, Harris AW, Loughland CM, Williams LM. The five symptom dimensions and depression in schizophrenia. Psychopathology 2003; 36(5)226–33
  • El Yazaji M, Battas O, Agoub M, Moussaoui D, Gutknecht C, Dalery J, d'Amato T, Saoud M. Validity of the depressive dimension extracted from principal component analysis of the PANSS in drug–free patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2002; 56(1–2)121–7
  • Bell M, Lysaker PH, Beam-Goulet JG, Milstein RM, Lindenmayer JP. Five-component model of schizophrenia: assessing the factorial invariance of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Psychiatry Res 1994; 52: 295–303
  • Bryson G, Bell M, Greig T, Kaplan E. Internal consistency, temporal stability and neuropsychological correlates of three cognitive components of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Schizophr Res 1999; 38(1)27–35
  • Kay SR, Sevy S. Pyramidal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1990; 16: 537–45
  • Dollfus S, Petit M, Lesieur P, Menard JF. Principal-component analysis of PANSS and SAPS-SANS in schizophrenia. Eur J Psychiatry 1991; 6: 251–9
  • Lépine J-P. Dimensions positive et négative dans les schizophrenies. Cah Prisme 1991; 1: 23–9
  • Lindstrom E, von Korring L. Principal component analysis of the Swedish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for schizophrenia. Nord J Psychiatry 1993; 47: 257–63
  • Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Sakai N, Higashama M, Urata K, Yamaguchi N, Kurachi M. Evaluation and interpretation of symptom structures in patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994; 89: 399–404
  • Lindenmayer JP, Bernstein-Hyman R, Grochowski S. A new five-factor model of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Qual 1994; 65: 299–322
  • Lindenmayer JP, Hyman RB, Grochowski S. Five-factor model of schizophrenia: initial validation. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182: 631–8
  • Lindenmayer JP, Bernstein-Hyman R, Grochowski S, Bark N. Psychopathology of schizophrenia: initial validation of a five-factor model. Psychopathology 1995; 28: 22–31
  • Lindenmayer JP, Grochowski S, Hyman RB. Five factor model of schizophrenia: replication across samples. Schizophr Res 1995; 14: 229–34
  • Marder SR, Davis JM, Chouinard G. The effects of risperidone on the five dimensions of schizophrenia derived by factor analysis: Combined results of the North American trials. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58: 538–46
  • Lancon C, Aghababian V, Llorca PM, Bernard D, Auquier P. Factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): a forced five-dimensional factor analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 97: 369–76
  • Lancon C, Aghababian V, Llorca PM, Bernard D, Auquier P. An exploration of the psychometric properties of the French version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Can J Psychiatry 1999; 44(9)893–900
  • Lancon C, Reine G, Llorca PM, Auquier P. Validity and reliability of the French-language version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100(3)237–43
  • Higashama M, Urata K, Kawasaki Y, Maeda Y, Sakai N, Mizukashi C, Nagasawa T, Kamyia T, Yamaguchi N, Koshino Y. P300 and the thought disorder factor extracted by factor-analytic procedures in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 44: 115–20
  • Nakaya M, Suwa H, Ohmori K. Latent structures underlying schizophrenic symptoms: a five-dimensional model. Schizophr Res 1999; 39(1)39–50
  • Lykouras L, Oulis P, Psarros K, Daskalopoulou E, Botsis A, Christodoulou GN, Stefanis C. Five-factor model for schizophrenic psychopathology: how valid is it?. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 250(2)93–100
  • Mass R, Schoemig T, Hitschfeld K, Wall E, Haasen C. Psychopathological syndromes of schizophrenia: evaluation of the dimensional structure of the positive and negative syndrome scale. Schizophr Bull 2000; 26(1)167–77
  • Emsley R, Rabinowitz J, Torreman M. The factor structure for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in recent-onset psychosis. Schizophr Res 2003; 61(1)47–57
  • Kay SR. Positive and negative syndromes in schizophrenia. Assessment and research. Brunner/Mazel, New York 1991
  • Lancon C, Auquier P, Nayt G, Reine G. Stability of the five-factor structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Schizophr Res 2000; 42(3)231–9
  • Rzewuska M. Validity and reliability of the Polish version of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2002; 11(1)27–32
  • Addington D, Addington J, Schissel B. A depression rating scale for schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 1990; 3: 247–51
  • Bressan H, Chaves AC, Shirakawa I, Mari JJ. Validity study of the Brazilian version of the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1998; 32: 41–9
  • Collins AA, Remington G, Coulter K, Birkett K. Depression in schizophrenia: A comparison of three measures. Schizophr Res 1996; 20: 205–9
  • Hale A, Azorin JM, Kasper S, Maier W, Syvalahti E, Van der Burght M, Sloth-Nielsen M, Wehnert A. Sertindole improves both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia: Results of a phase III trial. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2000; 4: 55–62
  • Srivastava S, Agarwal A, Sharma M. A three year naturalistic follow-up of patients receiving clozapine: Report from India. Inte J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2002; 6: 167–71
  • Rybakowski JK, Jarema M. Long-term assessment of the efficacy and tolerability of risperidone in early schizophrenia: An international multicenter study. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2004; 8: 147–52
  • Purnine DM, Carey KB, Maisto SA, Carey MP. Assessing positive and negative symptoms in outpatients with schizophrenia and mood disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000; 188(10)653–61
  • Dollfus S, Everitt B. Symptom structure in schizophrenia: two- three- or four-factor models?. Psychopathology 1998; 31: 120–30
  • Linden M, Albus M, Klauder C, Philipp M, Rettig M, Thomas A. Longterm neuroleptic therapy with risperidone: Methodology of an drug utilization observation study using the PANSS. Psychopharmakotherapie 1999; 1: 15–21
  • Wikipedia: Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue, 2006.
  • Wikipedia: Factor analysis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_analysis, 2006.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.