Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of changes in brain metabolites following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder

References

• Akdemir A, Örsel S, Dağ İ. 1998. Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği: bazı Psikometrik ve ICD-10 Depresyon Tanısı Ile Karşılaştırılması. Poster session presented at: 2nd Spring Semposium [Turkish].
   Google Scholar
• Akiskal H.S. 2007. Mood disorders. Sadock BJ Sadock VA, editors. Kaplan & Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; p. 1559–1575.
   Google Scholar
• Antunes P.B, Fleck M.P. 2009. Remission of symptoms in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression submitted to electroconvulsive therapy. J Ect. 25(4):291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck A.T, Ward C.H, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. 1961. An Inventory for Measuring Depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 4(6):561–571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004
   Google Scholar
• Blumenfeld H, McNally K.A, Ostroff R.B, Zubal I.G. 2003. Targeted prefrontal cortical activation with bifrontal ECT. Psychiatry Res. 123(3):165–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulanger Y, Labelle M, Khiat A. 2000. Role of phospholipase A(2) on the variations of the choline signal intensity observed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain diseases. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 33(2-3):380–389.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Çorapçıoğlu A, Aydemir Ö, Yıldız M. 1999. DSM-IV Eksen I Bozuklukları için Yapılandırılmış Klinik Görüşmenin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi. 12:33–36. [Turkish]
   Google Scholar
• Davidson R.J, Irwin W, Anderle M.J, Kalin N.H. 2003. The neural substrates of affective processing in depressed patients treated with venlafaxine. Am J Psychiatry. 160(1):64–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevets W. C, Price J. L, Simpson J. R, Todd R. D, Reich T, Vannier M, Raichle M. E. 1997. Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature. 386(6627):824–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ende G, Braus D.F, Walter S, Weber-Fahr W, Henn F.A. 2000. The hippocampus in patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 57(10):937–943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ende G, Demirakca T, Tost H. 2006. The biochemistry of dysfunctional emotions: proton MR spectroscopic findings in major depressive disorder. Prog Brain Res. 156:481–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• First M.B, Spitzer R.L, Gibbon M. 1987. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV clinical version (SCID-I/CV). Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Folstein M.F, Folstein S.E, McHugh P.R. 1975. Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 12(3):189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonul A.S, Kitis O, Ozan E, Akdeniz F, Eker C, Eker O.D, et al. 2006. The effect of antidepressant treatment on N-acetyl aspartate levels of medial frontal cortex in drug-free depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 30(1):120–125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güngen C, Ertan T, Eker E. 2002. Reliability and validity of the standardized mini mental state examination in the diagnosis of mild dementia in Turkish population. Turk J Psych. 13:273–281.
   Google Scholar
• Guy W. 1976. Clinical global impressions. ECDEU assessment manual for psychopharmacology, revised. Rockville (MD): National Institute of Mental Health; p. 218–221.
   Google Scholar
• Hamilton, M. 1960. A rating scale for depression. Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 23(1), 56.
   Google Scholar
• Harper D, Jensen J.. E, Ravichandran C, Perlis . H, Fava M, Renshaw P. F, Iosifescu D. V. 2017. Tissue type-specific bioenergetic abnormalities in adults with major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology. 42(4):876–885.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henigsberg N, Sarac H, Rados M, Ozretic D, Foro T, Erdeljic T, et al. 2017. Lower choline-containing metabolites/creatine (Cr) rise and failure to sustain NAA/Cr levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex are associated with depressive episode recurrence under maintenance therapy: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy retrospective cohort study. Front Psychiatry. 13(8):277.
   Google Scholar
• Hisli N. 1988. A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory. Turkish J Psychology. 6:118–126.
   Google Scholar
• Iosifescu D.V, Bolo N.R, Nierenberg A.A, Jensen J.E, Fava M, Renshaw P.F. 2008. Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 63(12):1127–1134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen A, Magnusson P, Hanson L. G, Kirkegaard T, Benveniste H, Lee H, Svarer C, Mikkelsen J. D, Fink-Jensen A, Knudsen G. M, et al. 2016. Regional brain volumes, diffusivity, and metabolite changes after electroconvulsive therapy for severe depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 133(2):154–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keightley M.L, Winocur G, Graham S.J, Mayberg H.S, Hevenor S.J, Grady C.L. 2003. An fMRI study investigating cognitive modulation of brain regions associated with emotional processing of visual stimuli. Neuropsychologia. 41(5):585–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddock R.J, Buonocore M.H. 2012. MR spectroscopic studies of the brain in psychiatric disorders. Curr Topics Behav Neurosci. 11:199–251.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madsen T.M, Treschow A, Bengzon J, Bolwig T.G, Lindvall O, Tingstrom A. 2000. Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 47(12):1043–1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhi G.S, Valenzuela M, Wen W, Sachdev P. 2002. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its applications in psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 36(1):31–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merkl A, Schubert F, Quante A, Luborzewski A, Brakemeier EL, Grimm S, Heuser I, Bajbouj M. 2011. Abnormal cingulate and prefrontal cortical neurochemistry in major depression after electroconvulsive therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 69(8):772–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Njau S, Joshi S. H, Espinoza R, Leaver A. M, Vasavada M, Marquina A, Woods R. P, Narr K. L. 2017. Neurochemical correlates of rapid treatment response to electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 42(1):6–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobler MS, Oquendo MA, Kegeles LS, Malone KM, Campbell C, Sackeim HA, Mann JJ. 2001. Decreased regional brain metabolism after ECT. Am J Psychiatry . 158(2):305–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfleiderer B, Michael N, Erfurth A, Ohrmann P, Hohmann U, Wolgast M, et al. 2003. Effective electroconvulsive therapy reverses glutamate/glutamine deficit in the left anterior cingulum of unipolar depressed patients. Psychiatry Res. 122(3):185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prudic J. 2005. Electroconvulsive therapy. In: Sadock BJ, Sadock VA, editors. Kaplan & Sadock’s comprehensive textbook of psychiatry. 8th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; p. 2968–2983.
   Google Scholar
• Sartorius A, Neumann-Haefelin C, Vollmayr B, Hoehn M, Henn F.A. 2003. Choline rise in the rat hippocampus induced by electroconvulsive shock treatment. Biol Psychiatry. 53(7):620–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartorius A, Vollmayr B, Neumann-Haefelin C, Ende G, Hoehn M, Henn F.A. 2003. Specific creatine rise in learned helplessness induced by electroconvulsive shock treatment. Neuroreport. 14(17):2199–2201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK ECT Review Group. 2003. Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 361(9360):799–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz-Yesiloglu A, Ankerst D.P. 2006. Review of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 147(1):1–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar