References
- Abi Doumit C, Haddad C, Sacre H, Salameh P, Akel M, Obeid S, Akiki M, Mattar E, Hilal N, Hallit S. 2019. Knowledge, attitude and behaviors towards patients with mental illness: Results from a national Lebanese study. PLoS One. 14(9):e0222172. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222172
- Austin P, Macdonald J, MacLeod R. 2018. Measuring spirituality and religiosity in clinical settings: A scoping review of available instruments. Religions. 9(3):70. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9030070
- Bachmann S. 2018. Epidemiology of suicide and the psychiatric perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (7):15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071425
- Bantjes J, Iemmi V, Coast E, Channer K, Leone T, McDaid D, Palfreyman A, Stephens B, Lund C. 2016. Poverty and suicide research in low-and middle-income countries: systematic mapping of literature published in English and a proposed research agenda. Glob Ment Health. 3:e32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2016.27
- Barakat H. 1987. The Arab family and the challenge of social transformation. ALRJ. 1:6–165. doi:https://doi.org/10.32380/alrj.v0i0.1258
- Bertschy G, Vandel S. 1991. The link between suicide and depression. Epidemiologic aspects. Encephale. 17(1):33–36.
- Bostwick JM, Pankratz VS. 2000. Affective disorders and suicide risk: a reexamination. Am J Psychiatry. 157(12):1925–1932. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.12.1925
- Brådvik L. 2018. Suicide risk and mental disorders. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15(9):2028. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15092028
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2017. Data & Statistics Fatal Injury Report for 2017. https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics/
- Chaar EA, Hallit S, Hajj A, Aaraj R, Kattan J, Jabbour H, Khabbaz LR. 2018. Evaluating the impact of spirituality on the quality of life, anxiety, and depression among patients with cancer: an observational transversal study. Support Care Cancer. 26(8):2581–2590. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4089-1
- Chung D, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Wang M, Swaraj S, Olfson M, Large M. 2019. Meta-analysis of suicide rates in the first week and the first month after psychiatric hospitalisation. BMJ Open. 9(3):e023883. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023883
- Colucci E. 2008. Recognizing spirituality in the assessment and prevention of suicidal behaviour. World Cultural Psychiatry Res Rev. 3(2):77–95.
- Daaleman TP, Frey BB. 2004. The spirituality index of well-being: a new instrument for health-related quality-of-life research. Ann Fam Med. 2(5):499–503. doi:https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.89
- deVries-Schot M. R, Pieper JZT, van Uden M. 2012. Mature religiosity scale: validity of a new questionnaire. EJMH. 7(1):57–71. doi:https://doi.org/10.5708/EJMH.7.2012.1.3
- Ebrahimi H, Kazemi AH, Khoshknab MF, Modabber R. 2014. The effect of spiritual and religious group psychotherapy on suicidal ideation in depressed patients: a randomized clinical trial. J Caring Sci. 3(2):131–140. doi:https://doi.org/10.5681/jcs.2014.014
- Ghanem M, Gadallah M, Meky FA, Mourad S, El-Kholy G. 2009. National survey of prevalence of mental disorders in egypt: preliminary survey. East Mediterr Health J. 15(1):65–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.26719/2009.15.1.65
- Gilbert P. 2014. Understanding mental health and spirituality. J Study Spirituality. 4(1):8–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1179/2044024314Z.00000000017
- Hajj A, Obeid S, Sahyoun S, Haddad C, Azar J, Rabbaa Khabbaz L, Hallit S. 2019. Clinical and Genetic Factors Associated with Resistance to Treatment in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci. 20(19):4753. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194753
- Hallit S, Haddad C, Obeid S, Kazour F, Nabout R, Darwich MJ, Tahan FE. 2019. Identification of factors affecting the quality of life among patients with addiction in Lebanon. J Nerv Ment Dis. 207(5):378–383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000982
- Horowitz LM, Bridge JA, Teach SJ, Ballard E, Klima J, Rosenstein DL, Wharff EA, Ginnis K, Cannon E, Joshi P. 2012. Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ): a brief instrument for the pediatric emergency department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 166(12):1170–1176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.1276
- International Labour Organization. 2017. Lebanon Crisis Response Plan (2017-2020). https://www.ilo.org/beirut/areasofwork/employment-policy/syrian-refugee-crisis/lebanon/WCMS_542062/lang–en/index.htm
- Kadri N, Agoub M, El Gnaoui S, Alami Kh M, Hergueta T, Moussaoui D. 2005. Moroccan colloquial Arabic version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): qualitative and quantitative validation. Eur Psychiatry. 20(2):193–195. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.11.007
- Keller S, McNeill V, Honea J, Paulson Miller L. 2019. A look at culture and stigma of suicide: textual analysis of community theatre performances. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(3):352. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030352
- Kidd J. 2008. Mental capital and well-being. Making the most of ourselves in the 21st century. State of science review SR-C10: Careers at work. Contribution to the Foresight Mental Capital and Wellbeing Project. London: Government Office for Science.
- King MB, Koenig HG. 2009. Conceptualising spirituality for medical research and health service provision. BMC Health Serv Res. 9:116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-9-116
- Kucukalic S, Kucukalic A. 2017. Stigma and Suicide. Psychiatr Danub. 29(Suppl 5):895–899.
- Levi L, Werbeloff N, Pugachova I, Yoffe R, Large M, Davidson M, Weiser M. 2016. Has deinstitutionalization affected inpatient suicide? Psychiatric inpatient suicide rates between 1990 and 2013 in Israel. Schizophr Res. 173(1-2):75–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2016.03.007
- MacLeod R, Wilson DM, Crandall J, Austin P. 2019. Death anxiety among New Zealanders: the predictive roles of religion. Omega (Westport)). 80(1):3–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222817724307
- Madsen T, Erlangsen A, Nordentoft M. 2017. Risk estimates and risk factors related to psychiatric inpatient suicide-an overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 14(3):253. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030253
- Mahfoud ZR, Afifi RA, Haddad PH, Dejong J. 2011. Prevalence and determinants of suicide ideation among Lebanese adolescents: results of the GSHS Lebanon 2005. J Adolesc. 34(2):379–384. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.03.009
- Miller WR, Thoresen CE. 2003. Spirituality, religion, and health. An emerging research field. Am Psychol. 58(1):24–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.58.1.24
- Milner K, Crawford P, Edgley A, Hare-Duke L, Slade M. 2020. The experiences of spirituality among adults with mental health difficulties: a qualitative systematic review. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 29:e34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000234
- Molock SD, Puri R, Matlin S, Barksdale C. 2006. Relationship between religious coping and suicidal behaviors among African American adolescents. J Black Psychol. 32(3):366–389. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798406290466
- National institute of mental health n.d. Ask Suicide-screening Questionnaire toolkit. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research/research-conducted-at-nimh/asq-toolkit-materials/index.shtml
- National institute of mental health n.d. Suicide prevention. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention/index.shtml. [Accessed October 28, 2019].
- Nordentoft M, Madsen T, Fedyszyn I. 2015. Suicidal behavior and mortality in first-episode psychosis. J Nerv Ment Dis. 203(5):387–392. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000296
- Obeid S, Haddad C, Salame W, Kheir N, Hallit S. 2019. Xenophobic attitudes, behaviors and coping strategies among Lebanese people toward immigrants and refugees. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 55(4):710–717. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12415
- Pearce MJ, Koenig HG, Robins CJ, Nelson B, Shaw SF, Cohen HJ, King MB. 2015. Religiously integrated cognitive behavioral therapy: a new method of treatment for major depression in patients with chronic medical illness. Psychotherapy (Chic)). 52(1):56–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036448
- Petrie K, Crawford J, LaMontagne AD, Milner A, Dean J, Veness BG, Christensen H, Harvey SB. 2020. Working hours, common mental disorder and suicidal ideation among junior doctors in Australia: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 10(1):e033525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033525
- Qin P, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB. 2002. Suicide risk in relation to family history of completed suicide and psychiatric disorders: a nested case-control study based on longitudinal registers. Lancet. 360(9340):1126–1130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11197-4
- Rihmer Z, Gonda X, Torzsa P, Kalabay L, Akiskal HS, Eory A. 2013. Affective temperament, history of suicide attempt and family history of suicide in general practice patients. J Affect Disord. 149(1-3):350–354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.010
- Sorlie T, Sorgaard KW, Bogdanov A, Bratlid T, Rezvy G. 2015. Prevalence and characteristics of suicide attempters and ideators among acutely admitted psychiatric hospital patients in northwest Russia and northern Norway. BMC Psychiatry. 15(1):187. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0545-3
- Stratta P, Capanna C, Riccardi I, Carmassi C, Piccinni A, Dell'Osso L, Rossi A. 2012. Suicidal intention and negative spiritual coping one year after the earthquake of L'Aquila (Italy). J Affect Disord. 136(3):1227–1231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.006
- The World Bank data 2019. Lebanon profile. https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=LBN. [Accessed on 5/12/2019].
- World Health Organization 2014. Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Available from: https://www.who.int/mental_health/suicide-prevention/world_report_2014/en/
- World Health Organization. Global health observatory data repository, suicide rate estimates, crude Estimates by WHO region. Available online: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.MHSUICIDE?lang=en
- World Health Organization. Key facts about suicide. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
- World Health Organization. Mental Health. Suicide data. Available online: https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/
- Xie L-F, Chen P-L, Pan H-F, Tao J-H, Li X-P, Zhang Y-J, Zhai Y, Ye D-Q. 2012. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in SLE inpatients: Chinese experience. Rheumatol Int. 32(9):2707–2714. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-011-2043-3
- Zinnbauer B, Pargament K. 2005. Religiousness and spirituality. In: RF Paloutzian, CL Park (red.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality. New York: The Guilford Press; s. 21–42.