Mental health during the first wave of COVID-19 in Canada, the USA, Brazil and Italy

References

• altemus M, Sarvaiya N, Neill Epperson C. 2014. Sex differences in anxiety and depression clinical perspectives. Front Neuroendocrinol. 35(3):320–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson SC, Edwards AM, Yerlanov M, Mulberry N, Stockdale JE, Iyaniwura SA, Falcao RC, Otterstatter MC, Irvine MA, Janjua NZ, et al. 2020. Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 control measures using a Bayesian model of physical distancing. PLoS Comput Biol. 16(12):e1008274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azoulay E, Cariou A, Bruneel F, Demoule A, Kouatchet A, Reuter D, Souppart V, Combes A, Klouche K, Argaud L, et al. Kentish-Barnes N, 2020. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic dissociation in critical care clinicians managing patients with COVID-19 a cross-sectional study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 202(10):1388–1398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barzilay R, Moore TM, Greenberg DM, DiDomenico GE, Brown LA, White LK, Gur RC, Gur RE. 2020. Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Transl Psychiatry. 10(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL. 2015. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Traum Stress. 28(6):489–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Zhou F. 2020. Prevalence of self-reported depression and anxiety among pediatric medical staff members during the COVID-19 outbreak in Guiyang, China. Psychiatry Res. 288:113005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. 1983. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 24(4):385–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado EE. 2017. A mixed-method study of aid workers in Sierra Leone during the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic: exploring psychological distress, trauma, resilience, and coping [The Chicago School of Professional Psychology]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://search.proquest.com/docview/2014377787?accountid=49069
   Google Scholar
• de Boni RB, Balanzá-Martínez V, Mota JC, de Azevedo Cardoso T, Ballester P, Atienza-Carbonell B, Bastos FI, Kapczinski F. 2020. Depression, anxiety, and lifestyle among essential workers: a web survey from Brazil and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Internet Res. 22(10):e22835.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endicott J, Nee J, Harrison W, Blumenthal R. 1993. Quality of life enjoyment and satisfaction questionnaire: a new measure. Psychopharmacol Bull. 29(2):321–326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8290681/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa EB, Huppert JD, Leiberg S, Langner R, Kichic R, Hajcak G, Salkovskis PM. 2002. The obsessive-compulsive inventory: development and validation of a short version. Psychol Assess. 14(4):485–496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Fu H, Dai J. 2020. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS One. 15(4):e0231924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goularte JF, Serafim SD, Colombo R, Hogg B, Caldieraro MA, Rosa AR. 2021. COVID-19 and mental health in Brazil: psychiatric symptoms in the general population. J Psychiatr Res. 132:32–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta AK, Mehra A, Niraula A, Kafle K, Deo SP, Singh B, Sahoo S, Grover S. 2020. Prevalence of anxiety and depression among the healthcare workers in Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asian J Psychiatr. 54:102260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. 2009. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 42(2):377–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokić-Begić N, Korajlija AL, Begić D. 2021. Mental health of psychiatrists and physicians of other specialties in early covid-19 pandemic: risk and protective factors. Psychiatria Danubina. 32(3):536–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. 2020. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 369:m1642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. 2001. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 16(9):606–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, Wu J, Du H, Chen T, Li R, et al. 2020. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 3(3):e203976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus JV, Ratzan SC, Palayew A, Gostin LO, Larson HJ, Rabin K, Kimball S, El-Mohandes A. 2021. A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Nat Med. 27(2):225–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Bin Yang A, Dou K, Cheung RYM. 2020. Self-control moderates the association between perceived severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health problems among the Chinese public. IJERPH. 17(13):4820–4810.
   Google Scholar
• Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. 2020. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res. 288:112936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín-García J. 2020. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in Spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. IJERPH. 17(15):5514–5529.
   Google Scholar
• Maunder RG, Lancee WJ, Balderson KE, Bennett JP, Borgundvaag B, Evans S, Fernandes CMB, Goldbloom DS, Gupta M, Hunter JJ, et al. Wasylenki DA, 2006. Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(12):1924–1932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millett GA, Jones AT, Benkeser D, Baral S, Mercer L, Beyrer C, Honermann B, Lankiewicz E, Mena L, Crowley JS, et al. 2020. Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities. Annals of Epidemiology. 47:37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz-Price LS, Nattinger AB, Rivera F, Hanson R, Gmehlin CG, Perez A, Singh S, Buchan BW, Ledeboer NA, Pezzin LE. 2020. Racial disparities in incidence and outcomes among patients with COVID-19. JAMA Netw Open. 3(9):e2021892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson BW, Pettitt A, Flannery JE, Allen NB. 2020. Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample. PLoS One. 15(11):e0241990.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. 2020. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 88:901–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parthasarathy R, Ts J, K T, Murthy P. 2021. Mental health issues among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic – a study from India. Asian J Psychiatr. 58:102626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Que J, Shi L, Deng J, Liu J, Zhang L, Wu S, Gong Y, Huang W, Yuan K, Yan W, et al. 2020. Psychological impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in China. Gen Psych. 33(3):e100259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehm J, Shield KD. 2019. Global burden of disease and the impact of mental and addictive disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 21(2):10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritchie H, Ortiz-Ospina E, Hasell J, Roser M. 2020. Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases – statistics and research - Our World in Data. Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/covid-cases
   Google Scholar
• Smith WG. 2008. Does gender influence online survey participation? A record-linkage analysis of university faculty online survey response behavior. Online Submission.
   Google Scholar
• Soh HL, Ho RC, Ho CS, Tam WW. 2020. Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sleep Medicine. 75:315–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomou I, Constantinidou F. 2020. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: age and sex matter. IJERPH. 17(14):4924–4919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW, Löwe B. 2006. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 166(10):1092–1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan BYQ, Chew NWS, Lee GKH, Jing M, Goh Y, Yeo LLL, Zhang K, Chin HK, Ahmad A, Khan FA, et al. 2020. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Ann Intern Med. 173(4):317–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran BX, Nguyen HT, Le HT, Latkin CA, Pham HQ, Vu LG, Le XTT, Nguyen TT, Pham QT, Ta NTK, et al. 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on economic well-being and quality of life of the Vietnamese during the national social distancing. Front Psychol. 11:565153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turna J, Zhang J, Lamberti N, Patterson B, Simpson W, Francisco AP, Bergmann CG, Ameringen MV. 2021. Anxiety, depression and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from a cross-sectional survey. J Psychiatr Res. 137:96–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varma P, Junge M, Meaklim H, Jackson ML. 2021. Younger people are more vulnerable to stress, anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic: a global cross-sectional survey. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 109:110236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Grabowski D, Pan R, Adamus K, Wan X, Hetnał M, Tan Y, Olszewska-Guizzo A, Xu L, et al. 2020. The association between physical and mental health and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison of two countries with different views and practices. Front Psychiatry. 11:569981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Chudzicka-Czupała A, Tee ML, Núñez MIL, Tripp C, Fardin MA, Habib HA, Tran BX, Adamus K, Anlacan J, et al. Sears SF, 2021. A chain mediation model on COVID-19 symptoms and mental health outcomes in Americans. Sci Rep. 11(1):1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, Choo FN, Tran B, Ho R, Sharma VK, et al. 2020. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 87:40–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waterman S, Hunter ECM, Cole CL, Evans LJ, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ, Beck A. 2018. Training peers to treat Ebola centre workers with anxiety and depression in Sierra Leone. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 64(2):156–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. 2021. WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard. Who.Int. https://covid19.who.int/%0Ahttps://covid19.who.int/?gclid=CjwKCAjwnK36BRBVEiwAsMT8WJ3y00_BUzvrLsvbl3uthuoTH_Occ45gyEUbpYRyEqAzll3aZB6TYxoCcM0QAvD_BwE
   Google Scholar
• Wright HM, Griffin BJ, Shoji K, Love TM, Langenecker SA, Benight CC, Smith AJ. 2021. Pandemic-related mental health risk among front line personnel. J Psychiatr Res. 137:673–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu P, Liu X, Fang Y, Fan B, Fuller CJ, Guan Z, Yao Z, Kong J, Lu J, Litvak IJ. 2008. Alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms among hospital employees exposed to a SARS outbreak. Alcohol Alcohol. 43(6):706–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, et al. 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 277:55–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yıldırım M, Arslan G. 2020. Exploring the associations between resilience, dispositional hope, preventive behaviours, subjective well-being, and psychological health among adults during early stage of COVID-19. Curr Psychol. 1–11.DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01177-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang MWB, Ho RCM. 2017. Moodle: The cost effective solution for internet cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) interventions. Technol Health Care. 25(1):163–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang SX, Wang Y, Rauch A, Wei F. 2020. Unprecedented disruption of lives and work: health, distress and life satisfaction of working adults in China one month into the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 288:112958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, Miao J, Zhang C, Yang Y, Sun W, et al. 2020. COVID-19 in Wuhan: immediate psychological impact on 5062 Health Workers. medRxiv (p. 2020.02.20.20025338). medRxiv.
   Google Scholar