Multiscale analysis of the relationship between topography and aboveground biomass in the tropical rainforests of Sulawesi, Indonesia

References

• Aiba , S. and Kitayama , K. 1999 . Structure, composition and species diversity in an altitude-substrate matrix of rain forest tree communities on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo . Plant Ecology , 140 : 139 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Austin , M.P. 1994 . Determining species response functions to an environmental gradient by means of a B function . Journal of Vegetation Science , 5 : 215 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunsdon , C.F. , Fotheringham , A.S. and Charlton , M.E. 1996 . Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial non-stationarity . Geographical Analysis , 28 : 281 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunsdon , C.F. , Fotheringham , A.S. and Charlton , M.E. 1998 . Spatial nonstationarity and autoregressive models . Environment and Planning, A , 30 : 957 – 973 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunsdon , C.F. , Fotheringham , A.S. and Charlton , M. 1999 . Some notes on parametric significance tests for geographically weighted regression . Journal of Regional Science , 39 ( 3 ) : 497 – 524 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunsdon , C. , McClatchey , J. and Unwin , D.J. 2001 . Spatial variations in the average rainfall-altitude relationship in Great Britain: an approach using geographically weighted regression . International Journal of Climatology , 21 : 455 – 466 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chave , J. 2005 . Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests . Oecologia , 145 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coops , N. 1998 . Procedures for predicting habitat and structural attributes in eucalypt forests using spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery . Australian Forestry , 61 : 244 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Erasmi , S. 2007 . “ Monitoring inter-annual land cover dynamics at the rainforest margin in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In ” . In New developments and challenges in remote sensing , Edited by: Bochenek , S. 297 – 308 . Rotterdam : Milpress .
   Google Scholar
• Foody , G.M. 2003 . Geographical weighting as a further refinement to regression modelling: an example focused on the NDVI-rainfall relationship . Remote Sensing of Environment , 88 : 283 – 293 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foody , G.M. 2004 . Spatial nonstationary and scale-dependency in the relationship between species richness and environmental determinants for the sub-Saharan endemic avifauna . Global Ecology & Biogeography , 13 : 315 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fotheringham , A.S. , Brunsdon , C. and Charlton , M. 2002 . Geographically weighted regression: the analysis of spatially varying relationships , Chichester : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Fotheringham , A.S. , Charlton , M.E. and Brundson , C. 1996 . The geography of parameter space: an investigation into spatial non-stationarity . International Journal of GIS , 10 : 605 – 627 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamijo , T. 2001 . Altitudinal zonation and structure of warm-temperate forests on Mikurajima Island, Izu Islands, Japan . Vegetation Science , 18 : 13 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Ketterings , Q.M. 2001 . Reducing uncertainty in the use of allometric biomass equations for predicting above ground tree biomass in mixed secondary forests . Forest Ecology and Management , 146 : 199 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman , D. 1996 . Tropical forest structure and composition on a large-scale altitudinal gradient in Costa Rica . Journal of Ecology , 84 : 137 – 152 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallows , C.L. 1973 . Some comments on Cp . Technometrics , 15 : 661 – 667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennis , J. 2006 . Mapping the results of geographically weighted regression . The Cartographic Journal , 43 : 171 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyajima , Y. and Takahashi , K. 2007 . Changes with altitude of the stand structure of temperate forests on Mount Norikura, central Japan . Journal of Forest Research , 12 : 187 – 192 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moser , G. , Hertel , D. and Leuschner , C. 2007 . Leaf biomass in tropical montane forests: a transect study in Ecuador and a pan-tropical meta-analysis . Ecosystems , 10 : 924 – 935 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , A. , Oberthür , T. and Cook , S. 2007 . Multi-scale correlations between topography and vegetation in a hillside catchment of Honduras . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 21 : 145 – 174 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Propastin , P. 2009a . Spatial non-stationarity and scale-dependency of prediction accuracy in the remote estimation of LAI over a tropical rainforest in Sulawesi, Indonesia . Remote Sensing of Environment , 113 : 2234 – 2242 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Propastin , P. 2009b . Relations between Landsat ETM+  spectral responses and forest structure parameters in tropical rainforest: a case study from Lore-Lindu National Park in Sulawesi (Indonesia) . EARSEL eProceedings , 8 ( 2 ) : 93 – 106 .
   Google Scholar
• Propastin , P. and Kappas , M. 2008 . Reducing uncertainty in modelling NDVI-precipitation relationship: a comparative study using global and local regression techniques . GIScience and Remote Sensing , 45 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Propastin , P. , Kappas , M. and Erasmi , S. 2008 . Application of geographically weighted regression to investigate the impact of scale on prediction uncertainty by modelling relationships between vegetation and climate . International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructure , 3 : 73 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Reich , J.W. , Russell , A.E. and Vitousek , P.M. 1997 . Primary productivity and ecosystem development along an elevation gradient on Mauna Loa, Hawaii . Ecology , 78 : 707 – 721 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards , P.W. 1996 . The tropical rainforest , 575 Cambridge, , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi , K. , Azuma , H. and Yasue , K. 2003 . Effects of climate on the radial growth of tree species in the upper and lower distribution limits of an altitudinal ecotone on Mount Norikura, central Japan . Ecological Research , 18 : 549 – 558 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang , C.Q. and Ohsawa , M. 1997 . Zonal transition of evergreen, deciduous and coniferous forests along the altitudinal gradient on a humid subtropical mountain, Mt. Emei, Sichuan, China . Plant Ecology , 133 : 63 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner , E.V.J. 1980 . Studies on the biomass and productivity in a series of montane rain forests in Jamaica . Journal of Ecology , 68 : 573 – 588 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Q. , Ni , J. and Tenhunen , J. 2005 . Application of a geographically weighted regression analysis to estimate net primary production of Chinese forest ecosystem . Global Ecology & Biogeography , 14 : 379 – 393 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , M.A. 2000 . Parameterisation and sensitivity analysis of the BIOME-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model, net primary production controls . Earth Interactions , 4 : 1 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitten , T. , Henderson , G.S. and Mustafa , M. 2002 . The ecology of Sulawesi. The ecology of Indonesia series, 4 Jakarta Singapore: Tuttle Publishing
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , L. 2004 . Modelling spatial variation in tree diameter-height relationships . Forest Ecology and Management , 189 : 317 – 329 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar