Impact of sampling intervals on the reliability of topographic variables mapped from grid DEMs at a micro-scale

References

• BAN , L. E. 1986 . Topographic partition of watersheds with digital elevation models . Water Resources Research , 22 : 15 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARTE , J. R. 1992 . The effect of data precision on the calculation of slope and aspect using gridded DEMs . Cartographica , 29 : 22 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• CHAN , K. and TSA , B. 1991 . The effect of DEM resolution on slope and aspect mapping . Cartography and Geographic Information Systems , 18 : 69 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLLIN , S. H. 1975 . Terrain parameters directly from a digital terrain model . The Canadian Surveyor , 29 : 507 – 518 .
   Google Scholar
• D'AGOSTIN , V. , STANGHELLIN , M. and TRISORIO-LIUZZ , G. 1993 . A FORTRAN-77 program for preliminary extraction of drainage networks based on a DEM . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 19 : 981 – 1006 .
   Google Scholar
• EVAN , I. S. 1980 . An integrated system of terrain analysis and slope mapping . Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F. , 36 : 274 – 295 . Supplement
   Google Scholar
• CORBET , J. D. and OERSMEH , P. J. 1987 . “ Terrain data for a water resource GIS ” . In File Structure Design and Data Specifications for Water Resources Geographic Information Systems , Edited by: Brown , D. A. and Gersmeh , P. J. 11 – 28 . St Paul : University of Minnesota, Water Resources Center .
   Google Scholar
• FAHS , A. 1989 . The Effect of Spatial Resolution of Digital Elevation Model Data on Map Characteristic , University of Idaho . Unpublished M.S. thesis
   Google Scholar
• FISHE , P. F. 1993 . Algorithm and implementation uncertainty in viewshed analysis . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 7 : 331 – 347 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANKLI , S. E. 1987 . Geomorphometric processing of digital elevation models . Computers and Geosciences , 13 : 603 – 609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GA , J. 1993 . Identification of topographic settings conducive to landsliding from DEMs in Nelson County. Virginia. USA . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 18 : 579 – 591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GA , J. 1994 . A C program for detecting slope forms from grid DEMs . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 19 : 827 – 837 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAO , J. 1997 . Resolution and accuracy of terrain representation by grid DEMs at a microscale . International Journal of Geographical Information Science , 11 : 199 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERRARD , A. J. W. and ROBINSO , D. A. 1971 . Variability in slope measurement: a discussion of the effects of different recording intervals and micro relief in slope studies. Transactions . Institute of British Geographers , 54 : 45 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLDEN SOFTWAR . 1994 . SURFER /or Windows: User's Guid , Colorado : Golden .
   Google Scholar
• HUNTE , G. J. and GOODCHIL , M. F. 1997 . Modeling the uncertainty of slope and aspect estimates derived from spatial databases . Geographical Analysis , 29 : 35 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUMLE , M. P. 1994 . An intensive comparison of Triangulated Irregular Networks (TlNs) and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) . Carlographica , 31 : 1 – 99 .
   Google Scholar
• LA , N. S. 1983 . Spatial interpolation methods: a review . The American Cartographer , : 129 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• LE , J. , SNYDE , P. K. and FISHE , P. F. 1992 . Modelling the effect of data errors on feature extraction from digital elevation models . Pliotogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 58 : 1461 – 1467 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAR , D. M. 1975 . Geomorphometric parameters: a review and evaluation . Geografiska Annaler , 57A : 165 – 177 .
   Google Scholar
• MAR , D. M. 1984 . Automatic detection of drainage networks from digital elevation models . Cartographica , 21 : 168 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• MART , L. W. and GARBRECH , J. 1992 . Numerical definition of drainage network and subcatchment areas from digital elevation models . Earth Surface frocesses and Landforms , 18 : 747 – 761 .
   Google Scholar
• PAPO , H. B. and GELBMAN , E. 1984 . Digital terrain models for slopes and curvatures . Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing , 50 : 695 – 701 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PEUCKER , T. K. , FOWLER , R. J. , LITTL , J. J. and MARK , D. M. The triangulated irregular network . In Proceedings of Auto-Carto . pp. 631 – 640 . Utrecht : EGlS .
   Google Scholar
• PIK , R. J. 1988 . The geometric signature: quantifying landslide-terrain types from digital elevation models . Mathematical Geology , 20 : 491 – 511 .
   Google Scholar
• RUH , R. V. 1975 . Geomorphology , Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
   Google Scholar
• SHARPNACK , D. A. and AKI , G. 1969 . An algorithm for computing slope and aspect from elevation . Photogrammetric Survey , 35 : 247 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SKIUMORE , A. K. 1989 . A comparison of techniques for calculating gradient and aspect from a gridded digital elevation model . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 3 : 323 – 334 .
   Google Scholar