Geostatistics for conflation and accuracy assessment of digital elevation models

References

• DEUTSCH , C V. and JOURNEL , A. G . 1998 . GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide , 2nd edition , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• DUNGAN , J. 1998 . Spatial prediction of vegetation quantities using ground and image data . International Journal of Remote Sensing , 19 : 267 – 285 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEUVELINK , G. B. M. 1998 . Error Propagation in Environmental Modeling with GI , London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• CRESSIE , N. A. C . 1993 . Statistics for Spatial Data , revised edition , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• FISHER , P. F . 1991 . First experiments in viewshed uncertainty: The accuracy of the viewshed area . Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , 57 : 1321 – 1327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ACEVEDO , W. First assessment of US geological survey 30-minute DEMs: a great improvement over existing 1-degree data . ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention . vol. 2 , pp. 1 – 11 . Bethesda : American Congress on Survey and Mapping/American Society for Fhotogrammetry & Remote Sensing .
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSOH , T. 1958 . An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysi , New York : John Wiley&Sons .
   Google Scholar
• ATKINSON , P. M. , WEBSTER , R. and CURRAN , P. J. 1992 . Cokriging with ground-based radiometry . Remote Sensing of the Environment , 41 : 45 – 60 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BENNETT , R. J. 1979 . Spatial Time Series: Analysis-Forecasting-Contro , London : Pion .
   Google Scholar
• BIERKENS , M. and BURROUGH , P. 1993 . The indicator approach to categorical soil data I. Theory . Journal of Soil Science , 44 : 361 – 368 .
   Google Scholar
• HUNTERG , J. and GOODCHILD , M F. 1997 . Modeling the uncertainty of slope and aspect estimates from spatial databases . Geographical Analysis , 29 : 35 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISAAKS , E. and SRIVASTAVA , R. 1989 . An Introduction to Applied Geostatistic , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• JOURNEL , A. G . 1983 . Non-parametric estimation of spatial distributions . Mathematical Geology , 15 : 445 – 468 .
   Google Scholar
• JOURNEL , A. G . 1989 . Fundamentals of Geostatistics in Five Lesson , Volume 8 Short Course in Geology Washington, DC : American Geophysical Union .
   Google Scholar
• JOURNEL , A. G . 1996 . Modeling uncertainty and spatial dependence: Stochastic imaging . International Journal of Geographical Information Systems , 10 : 517 – 522 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOURNEL , A. G. and HUIJBREGTS , C J. 1978 . Mining Geostatistic , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• JOURNEL , A. G. and Xu , W. 1994 . Posterior identification of histograms conditional to local data . Mathematical Geology , 26 : 323 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• MONCKTON , C G . 1994 . “ An investigation into the spatial structure of error in digital elevation data ” . In Innovations in GI , Edited by: Worboys , M. F. Vol. 1 , 201 – 210 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• MOORE , I. D. , GRAYSON , R. B. and LADSON , A. R. 1991 . Digital terrain modelling a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications . Hydrological Processes , 5 : 3 – 30 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENGLUND , E . 1993 . “ Spatial simulations: Environmental applications ” . In Environmental Modeling with GI , Edited by: Goodchild , M. , Parks , B. and Steyaert , L . 432 – 437 . New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• BOLSTAD , P. V. and STOWE , T . 1994 . An evaluation of DEM accuracy: elevation, slope, and aspect . Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing , 60 : 1327 – 1332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOOVAERTS , P. 1997 . Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluatio , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• DEUTSCH , C V. 1998 . FORTRAN programs for calculating connectivity of three-dimensional numerical models and for ranking multiple realizations . Computers & Geosciences , 24 : 69 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURROUGH , P. A. and MCDONNELL , R. A. 1998 . Principles of Geographical Information System , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• CONGALTON , R. G. 1991 . A review of assessing the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed data . Remote Sensing of the Environment , 37 : 35 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FISHER , P. F. 1998 . Improved modelling of elevation error with geostatistics . Geoinformatica , 2 : 215 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• GOODCHILD , M. F . 1980 . Algorithm 9: Simulation of autocorrelation for aggregate data . Environment and Planning A , 12 : 1073 – 1081 .
   Google Scholar
• GUTH , P. L. Spatial analysis of DEM error . ACSM/ASPRS Technical Papers . voL 2 , pp. 187 – 196 . Washington, DC : American Congress on Survey and Mapping/American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing .
   Google Scholar
• EHLSCHLAEGER , C. R. , SHORTRIDGE , A. M. and GOODCHILD , M. F . 1997 . Visualizing spatial data uncertainty using animation . Computers and Geosciences , 23 : 387 – 395 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEIBEL , R. and BRUNDLI , M . 1995 . Adaptive methods for the refinement of digital terrain models for geomorphometric applications . Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie , 101 : 13 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• WEIBEL , R. and HELLER , M. 1991 . “ Digital terrain modelling ” . In Geographical Information Systems: principles and application , Edited by: Maguire , D. J. , Goodchild , M. F. and Rhind , D. W . Vol. 1 , 269 – 297 . London : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• WIKRAMARATNA , R. 1989 . ACORN: A new method for generating sequences of uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers . Journal of Computational Physics , 83 : 16 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEOBALD , D. M . 1989 . “ Accuracy and bias issues in surface representation ” . In Accuracy of Spatial Database , Edited by: Goodchild , M. and Gopal , S. 99 – 106 . London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• (USGS) UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY . 1993 . Standards for digital elevation models, Technical Report National Mapping Program Technical Instructions , US Deptartment of Interior .
   Google Scholar
• VEREGIN , H . 1989 . A taxonomy of error for spatial database , National Center for Geographical Information and Analysis . Technical Report 89-12
   Google Scholar
• VEREGIN , H . 1997 . The effects of vertical error in digital elevation models on the determination of flow-path direction . Cartography and Geographic Information Systems , 24 : 67 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• SCHOWENGERDT , R. A. 1997 . Remote Sensing Models and Methods for Image Processing , second edition , San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• SHEARER , J. W. 1990 . “ The accuracy of digital terrain models ” . In Terrain Modelling in Surveying and Civil Engineerin , Edited by: Pétrie , G. and Kennie , T. J. M. 315 – 336 . London : Whittles .
   Google Scholar
• WOLOCK , D. and PRICE , C V. 1994 . Effects of digital elevation model map scale and data resolution on a topography-based watershed model . Water Resources Research , 30 : 3041 – 3052 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHANG , W. and MONTGOMERY , D. R. 1994 . Digital elevation model grid size, landscape representation, and hydrologie simulations . Water Resources Research , 30 : 1019 – 1028 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar