Comparing a Pharmaceutical and an Agro‐food Bioregion: On the Importance of Knowledge Bases for Socio‐spatial Patterns of Innovation

References

• Amin , A. and Cohendet , P. 2004 . Architectures of Knowledge: Firms, Capabilities and Communities , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Archibugi , D. , Howells , J. and Michie , J. (Eds) . 1999 . Innovation Policy in a Global Economy , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Asheim , B. T. and Coenen , L. 2005 . Knowledge bases and regional innovation systems: comparing Nordic clusters, . Research Policy , 34 (8) : 1173 – 1190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asheim , B. T. and Gertler , M. S. 2005 . “ regional innovation systems and the geographical foundations of innovation, ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation , Edited by: Fagerberg , J , Mowery , D and Nelson , R . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bathelt , H. forthcoming . Geographies of production: growth regimes in spatial perspective 2—Knowledge creation and growth in clusters, . Progress in Human Geography , 29 (2) : 204 – 216 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathelt , H. , Malmberg , A. and Maskell , P. 2004 . Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, . Progress in Human Geography , 28 (1) : 31 – 56 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benner , C. 2003 . Learning communities in a learning region: the soft infrastructure of cross‐firm learning networks in Silicon Valley, . Environment and Planning A , 35 : 1809 – 1830 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benneworth , P. 2003 . Breaking the mould: new technology sectors in an old industrial region, . International Journal of Biotechnology , 5 : 249 – 268 .
   Google Scholar
• Biotech Sweden . 2004 . The Swedish Biotech Industry Guide , Stockholm : Biotech Sweden .
   Google Scholar
• Breschi , S. and Malerba , F. 1997 . “ Sectoral innovation systems: technological regimes, schumpeterian dynamics and spatial boundaries, ” . In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations , Edited by: Edquist , C . London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Brink , J. , McKelvey , M. and Smith , K. 2004 . “ Conceptualizing and measuring modern biotechnology, ” . In The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology , Edited by: McKelvey , M , Rickne , A and Laage‐Hellman , J . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. S. and Duguid , P. 2000 . The Social Life of Information , Boston : Harvard Business School Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson , B. 2002 . Institutions, entrepreneurship, and growth: biomedicine and polymers in Sweden and Ohio, . Small Business Economics , 19 : 105 – 121 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casper , S. and Matreves , O. 2003 . Institutional frameworks and innovation in the German and UK pharmaceutical industry, . Research Policy , 32 (10) : 1865 – 1879 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Regulatory Initiatives . Available online at: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/reg/consultation/reginite.shtml (accessed 15 June 2005).
   Google Scholar
• Coenen , L. , Moodysson , J. and Asheim , B. T. 2004 . Nodes, networks and proximities: on the knowledge dynamics of the Medicon Valley biotech cluster, . European Planning Studies , 12 (7) : 1003 – 1018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. Rational drug design, the knowledge value chain and bioscience megacentres., . Paper prepared for International Workshop ‘Clusters in High‐Technology Aerospace, Biotechnology and Software Compared’, . November 2002 . Department of Management and Technology, Université du Québec à Montréal .
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. 2004 . Editorial: the accelerating evolution of biotechnology clusters, . European Planning Studies , 12 (7) : 915 – 920 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. The evolution of biotechnology in bioregions and their globalisation., . Paper prepared for The ‘Unlocking Biotechnology’ Sub‐theme of the EGOS Colloquium . 30 June–2 July 2005 , Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke , P. and Leydesdorff , L. 2006 . Regional development in the knowledge‐based economy: the construction of advantage, . Journal of Technology Transfer , 31 (1) : 5 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Cowan , R. , David , P. and Foray , D. 2000 . The explicit economics of knowledge codification and tacitness, . Industrial and Corporate Change , 9 (2) : 211 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Doloreux , D. 2004 . Regional innovation systems in Canada: a comparative study, . Regional Studies , 38 : 479 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doloreux , D. and Parto , S. 2005 . Regional innovations systems: current discourse and unresolved issues, . Technology in Society , 27 : 133 – 153 .
   Google Scholar
• Edquist , C. 1997 . “ Introduction, ” . In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations , Edited by: Edquist , C . London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Edquist , C. and Johnson , B. 1997 . “ Institutions and organizations in systems of innovation, ” . In Systems of Innovation: Technologies, Institutions and Organisations , Edited by: Edquist , C . London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz , H. and Leydesdorff , L. 2000 . The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and ‘mode 2’ to a triple helix of university–industry–government relations, . Research Policy , 29 : 109 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman , M. P. 2000 . Where science comes to life: university bioscience, commercial spin‐offs, and regional economic development, . Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice , 2 : 345 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Fuhrer , B. 2003 . The NEXT biotechnology—beyond the attempts at bloning biotech clusters., PhD thesis, Hrsg. Institut für Geographie Unviversität Hamburg. Hamburger Beiträge zur Geographischen Forschung, Band 4
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. 2004 . Manufacturing Culture: The Institutional Geography of Industrial Practices , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gertler , M. and Levitte , Y. 2005 . Local nodes in global networks: the geography of knowledge flows in biotechnology innovation, . Industry and Innovation , 13 : 487 – 507 .
   Google Scholar
• Granovetter , M. S. 1985 . Economic action and social structures: the problem of embeddedness, . The American Journal of Sociology , 91 (3) : 481 – 510 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess , M. 2004 . ‘Spatial’ relationships? Towards a reconceptualization of embeddedness, . Progress in Human Geography , 28 (2) : 165 – 186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howells , J. 1999 . “ Regional systems of innovation?, ” . In Innovation Policy in a Global Economy , Edited by: Archibugi , D . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kemp , R. , Schot , J. and Hoogma , R. 1998 . Regime shifts to sustainability through processes of niche formation: the approach of strategic niche management, . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , 10 : 175 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khachatourians , G. , Sumner , A. and Phillips , P. 2001 . “ An introduction to the history of canola and the scientific basis for innovation, ” . In The Biotechnology Revolution in Global Agriculture: Invention, Innovation and Investment in the Canola Sector , Edited by: Phillips , P and Khachatourians , G . Wallingford : CABI publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Klöpper , C. and Haisch , T. Satellite or star—the evolution of the Swiss biotech and medtech industry and the influence of the pharma‐shaped innovation system. Paper presented at the AAG Annual Meeting, . 7–11 March , Chicago.
   Google Scholar
• Knorr‐Cetina , K. 1999 . Epistemic Cultures: How the Sciences Make Knowledge , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kuhn , T. 1970 . The Structure of Scientific Revolutions , Chicago : University of Chicago Press . 2nd edn
   Google Scholar
• Laestadius , S. 2000 . Biotechnology and the potential for a radical shift of technology in forest industry, . Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , 12 (2) : 193 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagnevik , M. , Sjöholm , I. , Lareke , A. and Östberg , J. 2003 . The Dynamics of Innovation Clusters: a Study of the Food Industry , Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
   Google Scholar
• Lundquist , K‐J. and Winther , L. Between Denmark and Sweden: the industrial dynamics of the Öresund region., . Paper prepared for RSAs (Regional Science Association) annual conference in Pisa, . 12–15 April .
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall , B‐Å. (Ed.) . 1992 . National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning , London : Pinter .
   Google Scholar
• Lundvall , B‐Å. , Johnson , B. and Lorenz , E. 2002 . Why all this fuss about codified and tacit Knowledge?, . Industrial and Corporate Change , 2 : 245 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Malerba , F. (Ed.) . 2004 . Sectoral Systems of Innovation: Concepts, Issues and Analyses of Six Major Sectors in Europe , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malerba , F. 2005 . “ Sectoral systems: how and why innovation differs across sectors, ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation , Edited by: Fagerberg , J , Mowery , D and Nelson , R . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Malerba , F. and Orsenigo , L. Innovation and market structure in the dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology: towards a history friendly model. Paper presented at the DRUID Nelson and Winter Conference, . 12–15 June 2001 , Aalborg.
   Google Scholar
• Malmberg , A. 2003 . “ Beyond the cluster—local milieus and global connections, ” . In Remaking the Global Economy , Edited by: Peck , J and Yeung , H . London : Sage Publications . (2003)
   Google Scholar
• Maskell , P. and Malmberg , A. 1999 . Localised learning and industrial competitiveness, . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 23 : 167 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , K. 2004 . The exaggerated death of geography: learning, proximity and territorial innovation systems, . Journal of Economic Geography , 4 : 3 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. and Winter , S. 1977 . In search of useful theory of innovation, . Research Policy , 6 : 36 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale , P. Rethinking pharmaceutical innovation: risk, institutional legacies and the integration of specialised knowledge. Paper for the Schumpeter Conference, . June 2000 , Manchester, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Nightingale , P. and Martin , P. 2004 . The myth of the biotech revolution, . Trends in Biotechnology , 22 (11) : 564 – 569 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , A. 2001 . Biotechnology firms in Sweden, . Small Business Economics , 17 : 93 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson , M. , Svensson‐Henning , M. and Wilkenson , O. 2002 . Skånska kluster och profilområden—en kritisk granskning , Malmö : Region Skåne .
   Google Scholar
• Nooteboom , B. 2000 . Learning and Innovation in Organisations and Economies , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• OECD . Science, technology and innovation for the 21st century. Final Communique meeting 29–30.
   Google Scholar
• Onsager , K. and Aasen , B. 2003 . “ The case of “Rogaland Regional Food Cluster”, ” . In Nordic SMEs and Regional Innovation Systems—Final Report , Edited by: Asheim , B. T , Coenen , L and Svensson‐Henning , M . Oslo : Nordic Industrial Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Owen‐Smith , J. and Powell , W. W. 2004 . Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: the effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community, . Organization Science , 15 (1) : 5 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , P. 2002 . “ Regional systems of innovation as a modern R&D Entrepôt: the case of the Saskatoon biotechnology cluster, ” . In Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Family Business and Economic Development: A Western Canadian Perspective , Edited by: Chrisman , J . Calgary : University of Calgary Press .
   Google Scholar
• Phillips, P., Parchewski, P., Procyshyn, T., Ryan, C., Karwandy, J. and Kihlberg, J. (2004) Agricultural and life‐science clusters in Canada: an empirical and policy analysis. Report on the Saskatoon ag biotech cluster for Agriculture and AgriFood Canada (AAFC), March. Available online at: http://www.agbio‐management.org/ (http://www.agbio-management.org/) .
   Google Scholar
• Porter , M. E. 1990 . The Competitive Advantage of Nations , Worchester : Billing and Sons Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Ryan , C. and Phillips , P. 2004 . Knowledge management in advanced technology industries: an examination of international agricultural biotechnology clusters, . Environment and Planning C: Government & Policy , 22 : 217 – 232 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , W. R. 1995 . Institutions and Organisations , London : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. What is ‘The Knowledge Economy’? Knowledge‐intensive Industries and Distributed Knowledge Bases. Paper presented at the DRUID Summer Conference, . June 2000 , Aalborg, Denmark.
   Google Scholar
• Storper , M. 1997 . The Regional World: Territorial Development in a Global Economy , London and New York : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Torre , A. and Gilly , J‐P. 2000 . On the analytical dimension of proximity dynamics, . Regional Studies , 34 (2) : 169 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VINNOVA . 2001 . The Swedish Biotechnology Innovation System , Stockholm : VINNOVA .
   Google Scholar
• VINNOVA . 2003 . Swedish Biotechnology—Scientific Publications, Patenting and Industrial Development , Stockholm : VINNOVA .
   Google Scholar
• Wilkinson , J. 2002 . The final foods industry and the changing face of the global agro‐food system, . Sociologia Ruralis , 4 : 329 – 246 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe , D. , Davis , C. and Lucas , M. 2004 . “ Global networks and local linkages: an introduction, ” . In Global Networks and Local Linkages: The Paradox of Cluster Development in an Open Economy , Edited by: Wolfe , D and Lucas , M . Montreal and Kingston : McGill‐Queen's University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zeller , C. 2004 . North Atlantic innovative relations of Swiss pharmaceuticals and the proximities with regional biotech arenas, . Economic Geography , 80 (1) : 83 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar