The evolution of knowledge-intensive innovation ecosystems: co-evolving entrepreneurial activity and innovation policy in the West Swedish maritime system

REFERENCE

• Adner, R. 2006. “Match Your Innovation Strategy to Your Innovation Ecosystem.” Harvard Business Review 84 (4): 98–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autio, E., M. Kenney, P. Mustar, D. Siegel, and M. Wright. 2014. “Entrepreneurial Innovation: The Importance of Context.” Research Policy 43 (7): 1097–1108. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autio, E., S. Nambisan, L. D. W. Thomas, and M. Wright. 2018. “Digital Affordances, Spatial Affordances, and the Genesis of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 12 (1): 72–95. doi:10.1002/sej.1266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogers, M., J. Sims, and J. West. 2019. “What Is an Ecosystem? Incorporating 25 Years of Ecosystem Research.” Working paper. Presented at the 2019 Academy of Management Meeting, Boston, MA. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3437014
   Google Scholar
• Bonvillian, W. B. 2018. “DARPA and Its ARPA-E and IARPA Clones: A Unique Innovation Organization Model.” Industrial and Corporate Change 27 (5): 897–914. doi:10.1093/icc/dty026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borrás, S., and J. Edler. 2014. The Governance of Socio-Technical Systems: Explaining Change. EU-SPRI Forum on Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Series. Cheltenham and New York: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Braczyk, H.-J., M. Heidenreich, and P. Cooke. 1995. Regional Innovation Systems: The Role of Governances in a Globalized World. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson, B., C. Edquist, G. Eliasson, S. Jacobsson, and Å. Lindholm-Dahlstrand. 2001. Innovation Systems, Clusters and Competence Blocks: Four Essays on Innovations, Growth, and Employment. in Swedish. Stockholm: VINNOVA.
   Google Scholar
• Carlsson, B., P. Braunerhjelm, M. McKelvey, C. Olofsson, L. Persson, and H. Ylininpää. 2013. “The Evolving Domain of Entrepreneurship Research.” Small Business Economics 41 (4): 913–930. doi:10.1007/s11187-013-9503-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlander, L., and M. Wallin. 2006. “A Man on the Inside: Unlocking Communities as Complementary Assets.” Research Policy 35 (8): 1243–1259. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahmén, E. 1989. “Development Blocks in Industrial Economics.” In Industrial Dynamics: Studies in Industrial Organization, 10: 109-121, edited by B. Carlsson. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Davidsson, P. 2006. “Nascent Entrepreneurship: Empirical Studies and Developments.” Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 2: 1–76. doi:10.1561/0300000005.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado, M., M. E. Porter, and S. Stern. 2010. “Clusters and Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Economic Geography 10 (4): 495–518. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbq010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado, M., M. E. Porter, and S. Stern. 2014. “Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance.” Research Policy 43 (10): 1785–1799. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2014.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edquist, C., and M. McKelvey, eds. 2000. Systems of Innovation: Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt, K. M. 1989. “Building Theories from Case Study Research.” Academy of Management Review 14 (4): 532–550. doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4308385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzkowitz, H. 2012. “Triple Helix Clusters: Boundary Permeability at University-industry-government Interfaces as a Regional Innovation Strategy.” Environment and Planning. C, Government & Policy 30 (5): 766–779. doi:10.1068/c1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2002. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament – Towards a Strategy to Protect and Conserve the Marine Environment. COM(2002) 539. Brussels: European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2006a. EU Marine Strategy – The Story behind the Strategy. Brussels: European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2006b. Green Paper: Towards A Future Maritime Policy for the Union: A European Vision for the Oceans and the Seas. COM(2006)275. Brussels: European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• Flanagan, K., E. Uyarra, and M. Laranja. 2011. “Reconceptualising the ‘Policy Mix’ for Innovation.” Research Policy 40 (5): 702–713. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foray, D. 2019. “On Sector-non-neutral Innovation Policy: Towards New Design Principles.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 29 (5): 1379–1397. doi:10.1007/s00191-018-0599-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foray, D., P. David, and B. Hall. 2011. Smart Specialisation: From Academic Idea to Political Instrument, the Surprising Career of a Concept and the Difficulties Involved in Its Implementation. Lausanne, Switzerland: EPFL.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, C. 1987. Technology Policy and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. London: Pinter.
   Google Scholar
• Freeman, C. 2008. Systems of Innovation: Selected Essays in Evolutionary Economics. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Ganco, M., R. Kapoor, and G. Lee. 2019. “From Rugged Landscapes to Rugged Ecosystems: Structure of Interdependencies and Firms’ Innovative Search.” Academy of Management Review. doi:10.5465/amr.2017.0549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. W. 2004. “From Sectoral Systems of Innovation to Socio-technical Systems: Insights about Dynamics and Change from Sociology and Institutional Theory.” Research Policy 33 (6–7): 897–920. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford, E., G. Buenstorf, D. Ljungberg, M. McKelvey, and O. Zaring. 2020. “Variety in Founder Experience and the Performance of Knowledge-intensive Innovative Firms.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics. doi:10.1007/s00191-020-00692-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gifford, E., and M. McKelvey. 2019. “Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and S3: Conceptualizing Strategies for Sustainability.” Sustainability 11 (18): 1–16. doi:10.3390/su11184824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffin, K., P. Åhlström, M. Bianchi, and A. Richtnér. 2019. “The quality of case study research in innovation management.„ Journal of Product Innovation Management 36(5): 586–615. doi: 10.1111/jpim.12492
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gould, S. J., and E. S. Vrba. 1982. “Exaptation - a missing term in the science of form.„ Paleobiology 8(1), 4–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granstrand, O., and M. Holgersson. 2019. “Innovation Ecosystems: A Conceptual Review and A New Definition.” Technovation. doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2019.102098.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrero, M., D. Urbano, A. Fayolle, M. Klofsten, and S. Mian. 2016. “Entrepreneurial Universities: Emerging Models in the New Social and Economic Landscape.” Small Business Economics 47 (3): 551–563. doi:10.1007/s11187-016-9755-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanning, A. 2011. “Den Svenska Maritima Näringen 2007-2011.” VA 2013:09. Stockholm: Vinnova.
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, G. 1968. “The Tragedy of the Commons.” Science 162: 1243–1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hekkert, M., R. Suurs, S. Negro, S. Kuhlmann, and R. Smits. 2007. “Functions of Innovation Systems: A New Approach for Analysing Technological Change.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 74 (4): 413–432. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2006.03.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess, C., and E. Ostrom. 2007. Understanding Knowledge as a Commons: From Theory to Practice. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hof, A. F., D. P. Van Vuuren, F. Berkhout, and F. W. Geels. 2020. “Understanding Transition Pathways by Bridging Modelling, Transition and Practice-based Studies: Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 151: 119665. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2019.05.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmén, M., M. Magnusson, and M. McKelvey. 2007. “What are Innovative Opportunities?„ Industry and Innovation 14(1): 27–45. doi: 10.1080/13662710601130830
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, M., and L. Orsenigo. 2007. “Leveraging Science and Innovation: Swedish Policy for University-industry Collaboration 1990-2005.” A report from the SNS Project New Dynamics in the Swedish Innovation System. Stockholm: SNS Swedish Centre for Business and Policy Studies.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobides, M. G., C. Cennamo, and A. Gawer. 2018. “Towards a Theory of Ecosystems.” Strategic Management Journal 39 (8): 2255–2276. doi:10.1002/smj.2904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor, R. 2018. “Ecosystems: Broadening the Locus of Value Creation.” Journal of Organization Design 7 (1): 12. doi:10.1186/s41469-018-0035-4.
   Google Scholar
• Kattel, R., and M. Mazzucato. 2018. “Mission-oriented Innovation Policy and Dynamic Capabilities in the Public Sector.” Industrial and Corporate Change 27 (5): 787–801. doi:10.1093/icc/dty032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ketokivi, M., and T. Choi. 2014. “Renaissance of Case Research as a Scientific Method.” Journal of Operations Management 32 (5): 232–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirzner, I. 1997. “Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process.” Journal of Economic Literature 35 (1): 60–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanahan, L., and M. Feldman. 2015. “Multilevel Innovation Policy Mix: A Closer Look at State Policies that Augment the Federal SBIR Program.” Research Policy 44 (7): 1387–1402. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2015.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba, F. 2002. “Sectoral systems of innovation and production.” Research Policy 31(2): 247–264. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00139-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba, F., and M. McKelvey. 2019. “Knowledge-intensive Innovative Entrepreneurship.” Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 14 (6): 555–681. doi:10.1561/0300000075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba, F., and M. McKelvey. 2020. “Knowledge-intensive Entrepreneurship: Moving beyond the Schumpeterian Entrepreneur.” Small Business Economics 54 (2): 503–522. doi:10.1007/s11187-018-0060-2.
   Google Scholar
• Maritime Cluster. 2018. Maritima Klustret I Västsverige – Verksamhetsberättelse. Gothenburg: VGR. https://alfresco.vgregion.se/alfresco/service/vgr/storage/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/1db4b934-693c-45a0-84c5-5179368e6f61/Webb_Hogupplost_Verksamhetsberattelse_2019_MH.pdf?a=false&guest=true
   Google Scholar
• Maritime Cluster. 2019. Prospects for a Growing Biomarine Industry in Sweden. Gothenburg: VGR. https://alfresco.vgregion.se/alfresco/service/vgr/storage/node/content/workspace/SpacesStore/74971267-3dc9-4f6f-b206-cf7eec78383c/BioMarine_2019_en_webb.pdf?a=false&guest=true
   Google Scholar
• Mazzucato, M. 2016. “From Market Fixing to Market-creating: A New Framework for Innovation Policy.” Industry and Innovation 23 (2): 140–156. doi:10.1080/13662716.2016.1146124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann, P., and R. Ortega-Argilés. 2015. “Smart Specialization, Regional Growth and Applications to European Union Cohesion Policy.” Regional Studies 49 (8): 1291–1302. doi:10.1080/00343404.2013.799769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey, M., O. Zaring, and S. Szucs. 2019. “Conceptualizing Evolutionary Governance Routines: Governance at the Interface of Science and Technology with Knowledge-intensive Innovative Entrepreneurship.” Journal of Evolutionary Economics 1–18. doi:10.1007/s00191-018-0602-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey, M., and R. Saemundsson. 2018. “An Evolutionary Model of Innovation Policy: Conceptualizing the Growth of Knowledge in Innovation Policy as an Evolution of Policy Alternatives.” Industrial and Corporate Change 27 (5): 851–865. doi:10.1093/icc/dty035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKelvey, M., R. Saemundsson, and O. Zaring. 2018. “A Recent Crisis in Regenerative Medicine: Analyzing Governance in order to Identify Public Policy Issues.” Science & Public Policy 45 (5): 608–620. doi:10.1093/scipol/scx085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalfe, J. S. 1998. Evolutionary Economics and Creative Destruction. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Nambisan, S., and R. A. Baron. 2013. “Entrepreneurship in Innovation Ecosystems: Entrepreneurs’ Self-Regulatory Processes and Their Implications for New Venture Success.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 37 (5): 1071–1097. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00519.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neffke, F., M. Henning, and R. Boschma. 2011. “How Do Regions Diversify over Time? Industry Relatedness and the Development of New Growth Paths in Regions.” Economic Geography 87 (3): 237–265. doi:10.1111/j.1944-8287.2011.01121.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, R. R., ed. 1993. National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, R. R. 1995. “Recent Evolutionary Theorizing About Economic Change.” Journal of Economic Literature 33: 48–90.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ÖGP. 1989. “Svenska Havsresursverksamhet.” In ÖGP-89 Förslag till Övergripande Program: 1-150. Gothenburg: DSH.
   Google Scholar
• ÖGP. 1989. Svenska Havsresursverksamhet. ÖGP-89 Förslag till övergripande program. Gothenburg: DSH.
   Google Scholar
• OffshoreVäst. 2019. Vindenergi till Havs: Ett Projekt Inom Offshoreväst. Gothenburg: OffshoreVäst.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, P. 1993. “Formal Models of Collective Action.” Annual Review of Sociology 19 (1): 271–300. doi:10.1146/annurev.so.19.080193.001415.
   Google Scholar
• Olson, M. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, M. 2000. “Location, Competition, and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Economy.” Economic Development Quarterly 14 (1): 15–34. doi:10.1177/089124240001400105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Potts, J. 2019. Innovation Commons: The Origin of Economic Growth. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• SDSN Northern Europe. 2017. Ocean Solutions Report. 2017: 1. https://www.unsdsn-ne.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Oceans-Solutions-Report_Pages_Web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Schott, J., and W. E. Steinmueller. 2018. “Three Frames for Innovation Policy: R&D, Systems of Innovation and Transformative Change.” Research Policy 47 (9): 1554–1567. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumpeter, J. 1934. The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, K. 2017. “Innovating for the Global Commons: Multilateral Collaboration in a Polycentric World.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33 (1): 49–65. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grw039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spigel, B. 2017. “The Relational Organization of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 41 (1): 49–72. doi:10.1111/etap.12167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, E. 2015. “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Regional Policy: A Sympathetic Critique.” European Planning Studies 23 (9): 1759–1769. doi:10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stam, E., and B. Spigel. 2017. “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems.” In Handbook for Entrepreneurship and Small Business: 407-422. edited by R. Blackburn, D. De Clercq, J. Heinonen, and Z. Wang. London: SAGE.
   Google Scholar
• Statistiska Centralbyrå [Statistics Sweden]. 2017. “Redovisning Av Regeringsuppdraget Att Utveckla Statistiken Kring De Maritima Näringar – Delredovisning”. Document N2016/08065/MRT.
   Google Scholar
• Stenseke, M., and A. S. Hansen. 2014. “From Rhetoric to Knowledge Based Actions – Challenges for Outdoor Recreation Management in Sweden.” Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism 7-8: 26–34. doi:10.1016/j.jort.2014.09.004.
   Google Scholar
• Swedish Government. 1983. “Regeringens Proposition 1983/84:10.” Om svensk havsresursverksamhet. https://data.riksdagen.se/fil/A40631B0-848F-4E41-BDEC-87F182ACA565
   Google Scholar
• Uyarra, E. 2019. “Smart Specialization as Place-based Policy: Lessons Learnt?.” Regional Insights 2019: 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• VGR. 2008. Maritim Strategi För Västra Götaland. Gothenburg: VGR.
   Google Scholar
• VGR. 2012. Maritima Kluster I Västra Götaland 2012. Gothenburg: VGR.
   Google Scholar
• VGR. 2015. Maritim Strategi För Västra Götaland 2015. Gothenburg: VGR.
   Google Scholar
• VGR. 2017. “Att Sjösätta En Klustersatsning: En Utvärdering Av Det Maritima Klustret I Västra Götaland.” Report 2016: 3. Gothenburg: VGR.
   Google Scholar
• VGR. 2020. Styrkeområden Och Smart Specialisering. Gothenburg: VGR. Accessed 05 December 2019. https://www.vgregion.se/regional-utveckling/verksamhetsomraden/forskning-och-innovation/smart-specialisering-i-vastra-gotaland/
   Google Scholar
• Weber, K. M., and H. Rohracher. 2012. “Legitimizing Research, Technology and Innovation Policies for Transformative Change: Combining Insights from Innovation Systems and Multi-level Perspective in a Comprehensive ‘Failures’ Framework.” Research Policy 41 (6): 1037–1047. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2011.10.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witte, P., B. Slack, M. Keesman, J.-H. Jugie, and B. Wiegmans. 2018. “Facilitating Start-ups in Port-city Innovation Ecosystems: A Case Study of Montreal and Rotterdam.” Journal of Transport Geography 71: 224–234. doi:10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar