References
- Ali, T. 2013. “Development of Teacher Leadership: A Multi-Faceted Approach to Bringing about Improvements in Rural Elementary Schools in Pakistan.” Professional Development in Education. doi:10.1080/19415257.2013.828238.
- Alif Ailaan Pakistan. 2013. District Education Ranking 2013. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute.
- Al-Wreikat, Y. A. A. S., and M. K. K. B. Abdullah. 2010. “An Evaluation of Jordanian EFL Teachers’ In-Service Training Courses Teaching Techniques Effectiveness.” English Language Teaching 3 (4): 18–27.
- Avalos, B. 2011. “Teacher Professional Development in Teaching and Teacher Education Over Ten Years.” Teaching and Teacher Education 27: 10–20.
- Banks, F., J. Leach, and B. Moon. 2005. “Extract from New Understandings of Teachers’ Pedagogic Knowledge.” Curriculum Journal 16 (3): 331–340.10.1080/09585170500256446
- Bogdan, R. C., and S. K. Biklen. 1999. Foundations of Qualitative Research in Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory and Method. 3rd ed. London: Allyn and Bacon.
- Cochran-Smith, M., and K. Zeichner 2005. Studying Teacher Education: The Report of the AERA Panel on Research and Teacher Education. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Darling-Hammond, L., and J. Bransford. 2005. Preparing Teachers for a Changing World: What Teachers Should Learn and Be Able to Do. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Desimone, L. M. 2009. “Improving Impact Studies of Teachers' Professional Development: Toward Better Conceptualizations and Measures.” Educational Researcher 38: 181–199.10.3102/0013189X08331140
- Fields, B. A. 1990. “Minimal Intervention In‐Service Training for Teachers: An Experimental Study in Primary Classrooms.” South Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 18 (1): 41–50.10.1080/0311213900180105
- Flores, M. A. 2004. “The Impact of School Culture and Leadership on New Teachers’ Learning in the Workplace.” International Journal of Leadership in Education 7 (4): 297–318.10.1080/1360312042000226918
- Garet, M. S., A. C. Porter, L. Desimone, B. F. Birman, and K. S. Yoon. 2001. “What Makes Professional Development Effective? Results from a National Sample of Teachers.” American Educational Research Journal 38 (4): 915–945.10.3102/00028312038004915
- Government of Pakistan. 2009. National Education Policy. Islamabad: Ministry of Education.
- Government of Pakistan. 2010. Educational Statistics of Pakistan 2009–2010. Islamabad: Federal Ministry of Education.
- Grimmett, P. P., and E. P. Crehan. 1992. “The Nature of Collegiality in Teacher Development: The Case of Clinical Supervision.” In Teacher Development and Educational Change, edited by M. Fullan and A. Hargreaves, 56–85. Philadelphia: RoutledgeFalmer.
- Guskey, T. R. 2000. Evaluating Professional Development. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.
- Guskey, T. R. 2002. “Professional Development and Teacher Change.” Teachers and Teaching 8 (3): 381–391.10.1080/135406002100000512
- Hayes, D. 1995. “In-Service Teacher Development: Some Basic Principles.” ELT Journal 49 (3): 252–261.10.1093/elt/49.3.252
- Hitchcock, G., and D. Hughes. 1995. Research and the Teacher: A Qualitative Introduction to School-Based Research. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.
- Hussain, R., and S. Ali. 2010. “Improving Public School Teachers in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities.” Improving Schools 13 (1): 70–80.10.1177/1365480209352404
- Khan, M. 2008. “An Impact Study of Certificate in Education: Primary Education at Professional Development Centre, Chitral.” Unpublished report, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
- King, M. B., and F. M. Newmann. 2001. “Building School Capacity through Professional Development: Conceptual and Empirical Considerations.” The International Journal of Educational Management 15 (2): 36–93.
- Lamb, M. 1995. “The Consequences of INSET.” ELT Journal 49 (1): 72–80.10.1093/elt/49.1.72
- Leach, D. J., and H. Conto. 1999. “The Additional Effects of Process and Outcome Feedback following Brief In‐Service Teacher Training.” Educational Psychology 19 (4): 441–462.10.1080/0144341990190405
- Lister, S., M. Bano, R. Carr-Hill, and I. MacAuslan 2010. “Mid-Term Evaluation of the EFA Fast Track Initiative, Country Case Study: Pakistan.” http://www.globalpartnership.org/media/Pakistan-study.pdf.
- Marshall, C., and G. B. Rossman. 1999. Designing Qualitative Research. 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications.
- Memon, G. R. 2007. “Education in Pakistan: The Key Issues, Problems and the New Challenges.” Journal of Management and Social Science 3 (1): 47–55.
- Mohammad, R. F. 2004. “Practical Constraints upon Teacher Development in Pakistani Schools.” Journal of In-Service Education 30 (1): 101–114.10.1080/13674580100200302
- Mohammed, R. F. 2006. “What Hinders Change in Classroom Practice? Lessons from the Field and Future Directions in Pakistan.” Journal of In-Service Education 32 (3): 375–385.10.1080/13674580600842016
- Mohammed, R. F., and B. Harlech-Jones. 2008. “The Fault is in Ourselves: Looking at ‘Failure in Implementation’.” Compare 38 (1): 39–51.
- Nawab, A. 2011. “Workplace Learning in Pakistani Schools: A Myth or Reality?” Journal of Workplace Learning 23 (7): 421–434.10.1108/13665621111162954
- Nawab, A. 2014. “The Patterns of Organizational Learning in a Private Secondary School in Rural Pakistan.” Asian Education and Development Studies 3 (2): 135–149.10.1108/AEDS-02-2013-0009
- Nicolaidis, K., and M. Mattheoudakis. 2008. “Utopia vs. Reality: The Effectiveness of In-Service Training Courses for EFL Teachers.” European Journal of Teacher Education 31 (3): 179–292.
- Pyle, A., L. Wade-Wolley, and N. L. Hutchinson. 2011. “‘Just Listen to Us’: The Role of Teacher Empowerment in the Implementation of Responsiveness to Intervention.” Alberta Journal of Educational Research 57 (3): 258–272.
- Ramatlapana, K. A. 2009. “Provision of In-Service Training of Mathematics and Science Teachers in Botswana: Teachers’ Perspectives.” Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education 12: 153–159.10.1007/s10857-009-9101-8
- Rizvi, M., and B. Elliott. 2007. “Enhancing and Sustaining Teacher Professionalism in Pakistan.” Teachers and Teaching 13 (1): 5–19.10.1080/13540600601106021
- Saiti, A., and C. Saitis. 2006. “In‐Service Training for Teachers Who Work in Full‐Day Schools. Evidence from Greece.” European Journal of Teacher Education 29 (4): 455–470.10.1080/02619760600944779
- Seçer, Z. 2010. “An Analysis of the Effects of In-Service Teacher Training on Turkish Preschool Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusion.” International Journal of Early Years Education 18 (1): 43–53.10.1080/09669761003693959
- Shulman, L. S. 1986. “Those Who Understand: Knowledge Growth in Teaching.” Educational Researcher 15 (2): 4–14.10.3102/0013189X015002004
- Siddiqui, S. 2010. Rethinking Education in Pakistan: Perceptions, Practices and Possibilities. Karachi: Paramount Publishing Enterprise.
- Skule, S. 2004. “Learning Conditions at Work: A Framework to Understand and Assess Informal Learning in the Workplace.” International Journal of Training and Development 8 (1): 8–20.10.1111/ijtd.2004.8.issue-1
- UNESCO. 1996. Strengthening the Role of the Teachers in a Changing World: Issues, Prospects and Priorities. In International Conference on Education. 45th session. Geneva: UNESCO.
- UNESCO. 2011. “World Data on Education: Pakistan.” http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/Pakistan.pdf.
- Yuen-Kwan, W. L. 1998. “How Sustainable Are In‐Service Teacher‐Training Courses?” Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education 26 (1): 65–73.10.1080/1359866980260106