677
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Understanding the association between time spent caregiving and well-being among employed adults: testing a model of work–life fit and sense of community

, , , &
Pages 162-180 | Received 11 Dec 2014, Accepted 12 Oct 2015, Published online: 08 Dec 2015

References

  • Adams, K. B. (2008). Specific effects of caring for a spouse with dementia: Differences in depressive symptoms between caregiver and non-caregiver spouses. International Psychogeriatrics, 20(03), 508–520. doi: 10.1017/S1041610207006278
  • Barham, L. J., Gottlieb, B. H., & Kelloway, E. K. (1998). Variables affecting managers’ willingness to grant alternative work arrangements. The Journal of Social Psychology, 138(3), 291–302. doi: 10.1080/00224549809600382
  • Barnett, R. C., Gareis, K. C., Gordon, J. R., & Brennan, R. T. (2009). Usable flexibility, employees’ concerns about elders, gender, and job withdrawal. The Psychologist-Manager Journal, 12(1), 50–71. doi:10.1080/10887150802665356
  • Bernard, M., & Phillips, J. E. (2007). Working carers of older adults – What helps and what hinders in juggling work and care? Community, Work & Family, 10(2), 139–160. doi: 10.1080/13668800701270075
  • Bittman, M., Fast, J. E., Fisher, K., & Thomson, C. (2004). Making the invisible visible: The life and time(s) of informal caregivers. In N. Folbre & M. Bittman (Eds.), Family time: The social organization of care (pp. 69–89). London: Routledge.
  • Bolin, K., Lindgren, B., & Lundborg, P. (2008). Your next of kin or your own career? Journal of Health Economics, 27(3), 718–738. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2007.10.004
  • Borg, C., & Hallberg, I. R. (2006). Life satisfaction among informal caregivers in comparison with non-caregivers. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 20(4), 427–438. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2006.00424.x
  • Brennan, E. M., Rosenzweig, J. M., Ogilvie, M. A., Wuest, L., & Shindo, A. A. (2007). Employed parents of children with mental health disorders: Achieving work-family fit flexibility, and role quality. Families in Society, 88(1), 115–123. doi:10.1606/1044-3894.3598
  • Brouwer, W. B. F., van Exel, N. J. A., van den Berg, B., van den Bos, G. A. M., & Koopmanschap, M. A. (2005). Process utility from providing informal care: The benefit of caring. Health Policy, 74(1), 85–99. doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.12.008
  • Canadian Index of Wellbeing. (2012). How are Canadians really doing? The 2012 CIW report. Waterloo: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo.
  • Chesley, N., & Moen, P. (2006). When workers care: Dual-earner couples’ caregiving strategies, benefit use, and psychological well-being. American Behavioral Scientist, 49(9), 1248–1269. doi: 10.1177/0002764206286388
  • Chipuer, H. M., & Pretty, G. M. H. (1999). A review of the sense of community index: Current uses, factor structure, reliability, and further development. Journal of Community Psychology, 27(6), 643–658. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6629(199911)27:6<643::AID-JCOP2>3.0.CO;2-B
  • Cohen, C. A., Colantonio, A., & Vernich, L. (2002). Positive aspects of caregiving: Rounding out the caregiver experience. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17(2), 184–188. doi:10.1002/gps.561
  • DeBord, K., Canu, R. F., & Kerpelman, J. (2000). Understanding a work-family fit for single parents moving from welfare to work. Social Work, 45(4), 313–324. doi:10.1093/sw/45.4.313
  • Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(4), 397–404. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9000-y
  • Duxbury, L., & Higgins, C. (2012). Revisiting work-life issues in Canada: The 2012 National Study on Balancing Work and Caregiving in Canada. Retrieved from http://sprott.carleton.co/wp-content/files/ReportOne.pdf
  • Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., & Smart, R. (2011). Elder care and the impact of caregiver strain on the health of employed caregivers. Work, 40(1), 29–40.
  • Earle, A., & Heymann, J. (2012). The cost of caregiving: Wage loss among caregivers of elderly and disabled adults and children with special needs. Community, Work & Family, 15(3), 357–375. doi:10.1080/13668803.2012.674408
  • Furrie, A. D. (2010). About Canadians with disabilities who require support with their daily activities: What do we know about their unmet needs? What do we know about their caregivers? Ottawa: Adele Furrie Consulting.
  • Gahagan, J., Loppie, C., MacLennan, M., Rehman, L., & Side, K. (2004). Caregiver resilience and the quest for balance: A report on findings from focus groups. Halifax: Healthy Balance Research Program.
  • Gordon, J. R., & Rouse, E. D. (2013). The relationship of job and elder caregiving involvement to work-caregiving conflict and work costs. Research on Aging, 35(1), 96–117. doi: 10.1177/0164027511424293
  • Greene, A., Aranda, S., Tieman, J. J., Fazekas, B., & Currow, D. C. (2012). Can assessing caregiver needs and activating community networks improve caregiver-defined outcomes? A single-blind, quasi-experimental pilot study: Community facilitator pilot. Palliative Medicine, 26(7), 917–923. doi: 10.1177/0269216311421834
  • Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. The Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 72–92. doi:10.2307/20159186
  • Hansen, T., & Slagsvold, B. (2014). Feeling the squeeze? The effects of combining work and informal caregiving on psychological well-being. European Journal of Ageing, 1–10. doi:10.1007/s10433-014-0315-y3
  • Hayes, A. F., Preacher, K. J., & Myers, T. A. (2011). Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. In E. P. Bucy & R. L. Holbert (Eds.), Sourcebook for political communication research: Methods, measures and analytical techniques (pp. 434–465). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Hayman, J. (2005). Psychometric assessment of an instrument designed to measure work life balance. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, 13(1), 85–91.
  • Helliwell, J. F., & Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), Series B, 359(1449), 1435–1446. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1522
  • Herrera, A., Mendez-Luck, C., Crist, J., Smith, M., Warre, R., Ory, M., & Markides, K. (2013). Psychosocial and cognitive health differences by caregiver status among older Mexican Americans. Community Mental Health Journal, 49(1), 61–72. doi:10.1007/s10597-012-9494-1
  • Howell, R. T. (2011). The Happiness Initiative: Survey methodology. Retrieved from http://www.happycounts.org/survey-methodology/
  • Howell, R. T., deGraaf, J., Musikanski, L., & Godzikoskaya, J. (2011). Measuring Gross National Happiness. San Francisco, CA: Personality and Well-Being Laboratory, San Francisco State University.
  • Keating, N. C., Fast, J. E., Lero, D. S., Lucas, S. J., & Eales, J. (2014). A taxonomy of the economic costs of family care to adults. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 3, 11–20. doi:10.1016/j.jeoa.2014.03.002
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
  • Lero, D. S., & Furrie, A. (2015, June 3). Both a caregiver and a care receiver: A dual reality for many Canadians. Paper presented at the 2015 Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Canadian Disabilities Studies Association, Ottawa.
  • Lero, D. S., Keating, N. C., Fast, J. E., Cook, L., & Joseph, G. (2007). The interplay of risk factors associated with negative outcomes among family caregivers: A synthesis of the literature. Retrieved from http://www.worklifecanada.ca/cms/resources/files/718/The_interplay_of_risk_factors_associated_with_negative_outcomes_among_family_caregivers_2007.pdf
  • Lero, D. S., Spinks, N., Fast, J., Hilbrecht, M., & Tremblay, D.-G. (2012). The availability, accessibility and effectiveness of workplace supports for Canadian caregivers: Final report. Retrieved from http://www.rapp.ualberta.ca/~/media/rapp/Home/Documents/Proj_Workplace.pdf
  • Manning, W. G., & Mullahy, J. (2001). Estimating log models: To transform or not to transform? Journal of Health Economics, 20(4), 461–494. doi:10.1016/S0167-6296(01)00086-8
  • Michalos, A. C., Smale, B., Labonté, R., Muharjarine, N., Scott, K., Moore, K., … Hyman, I. (2011). The Canadian Index of Wellbeing technical report 1.0. Waterloo: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo.
  • Miyashita, M., Narita, Y., Sakamoto, A., Kawada, N., Akiyama, M., Kayama, M., … Fukuhara, S. (2009). Care burden and depression in caregivers caring for patients with intractable neurological diseases at home in Japan. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 276(1–2), 148–152. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2008.09.022
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E., & Huang, R. (2008). ‘Fit’ inside the work-family black box: An ecology of the life course, cycles of control reframing. Journal of Occupational and Organization Psychology, 81, 411–433. doi: 10.1348/096317908X315495
  • Moen, P., & Roehling, P. (2005). The career mystique: Cracks in the American dream. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • National Alliance for Caregiving in collaboration with AARP and MetLife Foundation. (2009). Caregiving in the U.S. 2009. Retrieved from http://www.caregiving.org/data/Caregiving_in_the_US_2009_full_report.pdf
  • Olsson Ozanne, A. G., Strang, S., & Persson, L. I. (2011). Quality of life, anxiety and depression in ALS patients and their next of kin. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 20(1–2), 283–291. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03509.x
  • Pavalko, E. K., & Henderson, K. A. (2006). Combining care work and paid work. Research on Aging, 28(3), 359–374. doi:10.1177/0164027505285848
  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2006). Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: An updated meta-analysis. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(1), P33–P45. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.1.P33
  • Pocock, B., Williams, P., & Skinner, N. (2012). Conceptualizing work, family and community: A socio-ecological systems model, taking account of power, time, space, and life stage. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 50(3), 391–411. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2011.00852.x
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi: 10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  • Prezza, M., Amici, M., Roberti, T., & Tedeschi, G. (2001). Sense of community referred to the whole town: Its relations with neighboring, loneliness, life satisfaction, and area of residence. Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 29–52. doi:10.1002/1520-6629(200101)
  • Prezza, M., Pacilli, M. G., Barbaranelli, C., & Zampatti, E. (2009). The MTSOCS: A Multidimensional Sense of Community Scale for Local Communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 37(3), 305–326. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20297
  • Rollero, C., & De Piccoli, N. (2010). Does place attachment affect social well-being? Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée/European Review of Applied Psychology, 60(4), 233–238. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2010.05.001
  • Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Godin, I., Marmot, M., Niedhammer, I., & Peter, R. (2004). The measurement of effort–reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483–1499. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00351-4
  • Sinha, M. (2013). Portrait of caregivers, 2012. Spotlight on Canadians: Results from the General Social Series. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Minister of Industry.
  • Smale, B., & Hilbrecht, M. (2013). Canadian Index of Wellbeing Community Wellbeing Survey [Survey data]. Retrieved from http://142.150.191.130/dvn/
  • Smith, P. J. (2004). Elder care, gender, and work: The work-family issue of the 21st century. Berkeley Journal of Employment and Labor Law, 25, 351–399.
  • Teng, W., & Pittman, J. F. (1996). Conceptualising the work-family interface: The work-family fit perspective. Paper presented at the Theory Construction and Research Methodology preconference of the annual meeting of the National Council on Family Relations.
  • Trukeschitz, B., Schneider, U., Mühlmann, R., & Ponocny, I. (2013). Informal eldercare and work-related strain. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68(2), 257–267. doi:10.1093/geronb/gbs101
  • Turcotte, M. (2013). Family caregiving: What are the consequences? (Catalogue no. 75–006-X). Insights on Canadian Society. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-006-x/2013001/article/11858-eng.pdf
  • Van Horn, M. L., Bellis, J. M., & Snyder, S. W. (2001). Family resource scale-revised: Psychometrics and validation of a measure of family resources in a sample of low-income families. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 19(1), 54–68. doi: 10.1177/073428290101900104
  • Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J. M. (2003). Is caregiving hazardous to one's physical health? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129(6), 946–972. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.946
  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). The effects of community demands, resources, and strategies on the nature and consequences of the work-family interface: An agenda for future research. Family Relations, 54(5), 583–595. doi:10.2307/40005263
  • Voydanoff, P. (2009). The intersection of work and family demands and resources: Linking mechanisms and boundary-spanning strategies. In D. R. Crane & J. E. Hill (Eds.), Handbook of families and work (pp. 141–171). Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • Voydanoff, P. (2013). Work, family, and community: Exploring interconnections (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Psychology Press.
  • Wang, Y.-N., Shyu, Y.-I. L., Chen, M.-C., & Yang, P.-S. (2011). Reconciling work and family caregiving among adult-child family caregivers of older people with dementia: Effects on role strain and depressive symptoms. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(4), 829–840. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05505.x
  • Williams, A. M., Eby, J. A., Crooks, V. A., Stajduhar, K., Giesbrecht, M., Vuksan, M., … Allan, D. (2011). Canada's compassionate care benefit: Is it an adequate public health response to addressing the issue of caregiver burden in end-of-life care? BMC Public Health, 11, 335. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-335
  • Yates, M. E., Tennstedt, S., & Chang, B. -H. (1999). Contributors to and mediators of psychological well-being for informal caregivers. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54B(1), P12–P22. doi:10.1093/geronb/54B.1.P12
  • Yeandle, S., Bennett, C., Bucker, L., Shipton, L., & Suokas, A. (2006). Who cares wins: The social and business benefits of supporting working carers. Sheffield: Centre for Social Inclusion, Sheffield Hallam University.
  • Zacher, H., & Winter, G. (2011). Eldercare demands, strain, and work engagement: The moderating role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 667–680. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.03.020

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.