Working mothers’ second shift, personal resources, and self-care

References

• Arbuckle, J. L. (2008). AMOS (version 17.0) [Computer software]. Chicago: SPSS.
   Google Scholar
• Aronson, K. R., Barrett, L. F., & Quigley, K. (2006). Emotional reactivity and the overreport of somatic symptoms: Somatic sensitivity or negative reporting style? Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(5), 521–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aspinwall, L. G., & Taylor, S. E. (1997). A stitch in time: Self-regulation and proactive coping. Psychological Bulletin, 121(3), 417–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, R. C., & Baruch, G. K. (1987). Determinants of fathers’ participation in family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49(1), 29–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2007). Self-regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 1(1), 115–128.
   Google Scholar
• Beatty, J. E., & Torbert, W. R. (2003). The false duality of work and leisure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12(3), 239–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benham, G. (2010). Sleep: An important factor in stress-health models. Stress and Health, 26(3), 204–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bianchi, S. M., Sayer, L. C., Milkie, M. A., & Robinson, J. P. (2012). Housework: Who did, does or will do it, and how much does it matter? Social Forces, 91(1), 55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittman, M., England, P., Sayer, L., Folbre, N., & Matheson, G. (2003). When does gender trump money? Bargaining and time in household work. American Journal of Sociology, 109(1), 186–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bittman, M., & Wajcman, J. (2000). The rush hour: The character of leisure time and gender equity. Social Forces, 79, 165–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, G., & Lee, C. M. (2000). The marital context for father involvement with their preschool children: The role of partner support. Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 2, 37–54.
   Google Scholar
• Boulet, J., & Boss, M. W. (1991). Reliability and validity of the brief symptom inventory. Psychological Assessment, 3, 433–437.
   Google Scholar
• Brines, J. (1994). Economic dependency, gender, and the division of labor at home. American Journal of Sociology, 100(3), 652–688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caltabiano, M. L. (1995). Main and stress-moderating health benefits of leisure. Loisir et Societe/Society and Leisure, 18(1), 33–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claffey, S. T., & Mickelson, K. D. (2009). Division of household labor and distress: The role of perceived fairness for employed mothers. Sex Roles, 60(11–12), 819–831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltrane, S. (2000). Research on household labor: Modeling and measuring the social embeddedness of routine family work. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 1208–1233.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coltrane, S., & Adams, M. (2001). Men’s family work: Child-centered fathering and the sharing of domestic labor. In R. Hertz & N. Marshall (Eds.), Work and family: Today’s realities and tomorrow’s visions (pp. 72–99). Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coltrane, S., & Shih, K. Y. (2010). Gender and the division of labor. In Handbook of gender research in psychology (pp. 401–422). New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cowan, C. P., & Cowan, P. A. (1990). The “who does what?”. In J. Touliatos, B. F. Perlmutter, & M. A. Straus (Eds.), Handbook of family measurement techniques (pp. 447–448). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, A., & Cooper, R. E. (1992). Symptoms of acute and chronic fatigue. In A. P. Smith & D. M. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of human performance (Vol. 3, pp. 289–339). London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Craig, L. (2006). Does father care mean fathers share? A comparison of how mothers and fathers in intact families spend time with children. Gender & Society, 20(2), 259–281.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig, L., & Mullan, K. (2010). Parenthood, gender and work-family time in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1344–1361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cropley, M., & Millward Purvis, L. J. (2003). Job strain and rumination about work issues during leisure time: A diary study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12(3), 195–207.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, J. L. (2004). Motherhood, stress and the exercise experience: Freedom or constraint? Leisure Studies, 23(3), 225–242.
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis, L. R., & Spencer, P. M. (1983). The brief symptom inventory: Administration, scoring, and procedure manual – I. Baltimore, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domínguez-Folgueras, M. (2013). Is cohabitation more egalitarian? The division of household labor in five European countries. Journal of Family Issues, 34(12), 1623–1646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doucet, A. (2001). You see the need perhaps more clearly than I have: Exploring gendered processes of domestic responsibility. Journal of Family Issues, 22(3), 328–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan, A. G. (2006). The stress-buffering potential of downtime recovery in reducing time-based stress (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Connecticut, Storrs.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, A. L., Trivedi, M. H., & O'Neal, H. A. (2001). Physical activity dose-response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 33, S587–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzaja, A., Arber, S., Hislop, J., Kerkhofs, M., Kopp, C., Pollmächer, T., … Porkka-Heiskanen, T. (2005). Women's sleep in health and disease. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 39(1), 55–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksen, H. R., & Ursin, H. (2004). Subjective health complaints, sensitization, and sustained cognitive activation (stress). Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 56(4), 445–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erikson, R. (2005). Why emotion work matters: Sex, gender, and the division of household labor. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 67, 337–351.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzion, D. (2003). Annual vacation: Duration and relief from job stress and burnout. Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 16, 213–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, C., Lam, C. F., & Spreitzer, G. M. (2011). It's the little things that matter: An examination of knowledge workers’ energy management. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(3), 28–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, C., & Sonnentag, S. (2005). Recovery, health, and job performance: Effects of weekend experiences. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 187–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuwa, M., & Cohen, P. N. (2007). Housework and social policy. Social Science Research, 36, 512–530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galinsky, E., Kim, S., & Bond, J. (2001). Feeling overworked: When work becomes too much. New York, NY: Families and Work Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Gjerdingen, D., McGovern, P., Bekker, M., Lundberg, U., & Willemsen, T. (2001). Women's work roles and their impact on health, well-being, and career: Comparisons between the United States, Sweden, and the Netherlands. Women & Health, 31(4), 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenglass, E. R., & Fiksenbaum, L. (2009). Proactive coping, positive affect, and well-being: Testing for mediation using path analysis. European Psychologist, 14(1), 29–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunthorpe, W., & Lyons, K. (2004). A predictive model of chronic time pressure in the Australian population: Implications for leisure research. Leisure Sciences, 26(2), 201–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, S. (1999). The effects of marital status transitions on men’s housework performance. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 700–711.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington, M., & Dawson, D. (1995). Who has it best? Women’s labor force participation, perceptions of leisure and constraints on enjoyment of leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 27(1), 4–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. A., & Bialeschki, M. D. (1991). A sense of entitlement to leisure as constraint and empowerment for women. Leisure Sciences, 13, 51–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. A., & Shaw, S. M. (2006). Leisure and gender: Challenges and opportunities for feminist research. In C. Rojek, A. Veal, & S. Shaw (Eds.), Handbook of leisure studies (pp. 216–230). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, E. J. (2005). Work-family facilitation and conflict, working fathers and mothers, work-family stressors and support. Journal of Family Issues, 26(6), 793–819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, E. J., Martinson, V. K., Ferris, M., & Zenger Baker, R. (2004). Beyond the mommy track: The influence of new-concept part-time work for professional women on work and family. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 25(1), 121–136.
   Google Scholar
• Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A., & Machung, A. (2012). The second shift: Working families and the revolution at home. New York, NY: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Höge, T. (2009). When work strain transcends psychological boundaries: An inquiry into the relationship between time pressure, irritation, work–family conflict and psychosomatic complaints. Stress and Health, 25(1), 41–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D. A. (2000). The neglect of relaxation. Journal of Leisure Research, 32(1), 82–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kmec, J. A. (2011). Are motherhood penalties and fatherhood bonuses warranted? Comparing pro-work behaviors and conditions of mothers, fathers, and non-parents. Social Science Research, 40(2), 444–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen, R. J., & Kasimatis, M. (1991). Day-to-day physical symptoms: Individual differences in the occurrence, duration, and emotional concomitants of minor daily illnesses. Journal of Personality, 59, 387–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Last, J. M. (2002). Health. In L. Breslow (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public health ( Vol. 2, pp. 519–526). New York, MD: Macmillan Reference.
   Google Scholar
• Laughlin, M. H. (2004). Physical activity in prevention and treatment of coronary disease: The battle line is in exercise vascular cell biology. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36, 352–362.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lundberg, U., & Frankenhaeuser, M. (1999). Stress and workload of men and women in high-ranking positions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 4(2), 142–151.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacDermid, S. M., Huston, T. L., & McHale, S. M. (1990). Changes in marriage associated with the transition to parenthood: Individual differences as a function of sex-role attitudes and changes in the division of household labor. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52, 475–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, B. H., Dubbert, P. M., King, A. C., & Pinto, B. M. (1995). Physical activity in women: Current status and future directions. In A. L. Stanton & S. J. Gallant (Eds.), The psychology of women's health: Progress and challenges in research and application (pp. 349–380). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall, K. (2006). Converging gender roles. Perspectives on Labour and Income, 18(3), 7.
   Google Scholar
• Mathieu, J., & Taylor, S. (2006). Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 1031–1056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattingly, M. J., & Bianchi, S. M. (2003). Gender differences in the quantity and quality of free time: The U.S. experience. Social Forces, 81(3), 999–1030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, V. (2008). On being a ‘good’ mother the moral presentation of self in written life stories. Sociology, 42(3), 470–486.
   Google Scholar
• McGowan, P. (2002). Self-care behavior. In L. Breslow (Ed.), Encyclopedia of public health ( Vol. 4, pp. 1085–1087). New York, NY: Macmillan Reference.
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre, C. A., & Rhodes, R. E. (2009). Correlates of leisure-time physical activity during transitions to motherhood. Women & Health, 49(1), 66–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meier, J. A., McNaughton-Cassill, M., & Lynch, M. (2006). The management of household and childcare tasks and relationship satisfaction in dual-earner families. Marriage and Family Review, 40(2/3), 61–88.
   Google Scholar
• Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D. Drenth & H. Thierry (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology: Vol. 2. Work psychology (pp. 5–33). Hove: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, Y. D., & Brown, W. J. (2005). Determinants of active leisure for women with young children: An “ethic of care” prevails. Leisure Sciences, 27(5), 405–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minnotte, K. L., Stevens, D. P., Minnotte, M. C., & Kiger, G. (2007). Emotion-work performance among dual-earner couples: Testing four theoretical perspectives. Journal of Family Issues, 28(6), 773–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, J. (2010). Building sustainable organizations: The human factor. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(1), 34–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn, R., & Dutton, J. E. (2005). Coordination as energy-in-conversation: A process theory of organizing. Academy of Management Review, 30, 36–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raley, S., Bianchi, S. M., & Wang, W. (2012). When do fathers care? Mothers’ economic contribution and fathers’ involvement in child care. American Journal of Sociology, 117(5), 1422–1459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rizzo, K. M., Schiffrin, H. H., & Liss, M. (2013). Insight into the parenthood paradox: Mental health outcomes of intensive mothering. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(5), 614–620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roxburgh, S. (2004). There just aren't enough hours in the day: The mental health consequences of time pressure. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 45(2), 115–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). From ego depletion to vitality: Theory and findings concerning the facilitation of energy available to the self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2(2), 702–717.
   Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71–91.
   Google Scholar
• Schor, J. B. (2008). The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M., & Henderson, K. A. (2005). Gender analysis and leisure: An uneasy alliance. In E. L. Jackson (Ed.), Constraints to leisure (pp. 23–34). State College, PA: Venture.
   Google Scholar
• Shirom, A. (2003). Feeling vigorous at work? The construct of vigor and the study of positive affect in organizations. In D. Ganster & P. L. Perrewe (Eds.), Research in organizational stress and well-being ( Vol. 3, pp. 135–165). Greenwich: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sluiter, J. K., Van der Beek, A. J., & Frings-Dresen, M. H. W. (1999). The influence of work characteristics on the need for recovery and experienced health: A study on coach drivers. Ergonomics, 42(4), 573–583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. In S. Leinhardt (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 290–212). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Boss.
   Google Scholar
• Sonnentag, S. (2001). Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: A diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(3), 196–210.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The recovery experience questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, J. M., Balzer, W. K., Smith, P. C., Parra, L. F., & Ironson, G. (2001). A general measure of work stress: The stress in general (SIG) scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61, 866–888.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, L., & Walker, A. J. (1989). Gender in families: Women and men in marriage, work, and parenthood. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 51, 845–871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson, D. F., Kahn, H. S., Remington, P. L., & Anda, R. F. (1990). The 10-year incidence of overweight and major weight gain in U.S. adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 150, 665–672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (1948). Constitution and charter. Geneva: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Zuzanek, J. (1998). Time use, time pressure, personal stress, mental health, and life satisfaction from a life cycle perspective. Journal of Occupational Science, 5, 26–39.
   Google Scholar