5,046
Views
71
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Involuntary vs. voluntary flexible work: insights for scholars and stakeholders

, , &
Pages 412-442 | Received 30 Nov 2018, Accepted 22 Mar 2019, Published online: 16 Aug 2019

References

  • Abrams, R. (2015, August 26). Gap says it will phase out on-call scheduling of employees. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/27/business/gap-says-it-will-phase-out-on-call-scheduling-of-employees.html.
  • Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., & Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work-family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345–376. doi: 10.1111/peps.12012
  • Barley, S. R., Meyerson, D. E., & Grodal, S. (2010). E-mail as a source and symbol of stress. Organization Science, 22(4), 887–906. doi: 10.1287/orsc.1100.0573
  • Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J., & Ying, Z. J. (2013). Does Working from Home Work? Evidence from a Chinese Experiment (Working Paper No. 18871). National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w18871.
  • Boroff, K. E., & Lewin, D. (1997). Loyalty, voice, and intent to exit a union firm: A conceptual and empirical analysis. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 51(1), 50–63. doi: 10.1177/001979399705100104
  • Boswell, W. R., Olson-Buchanan, J. B., & Harris, T. B. (2014). I cannot afford to have a life: Employee adaptation to feelings of job insecurity. Personnel Psychology, 67(4), 887–915. doi: 10.1111/peps.12061
  • Bray, J., Kelly, E., Hammer, L., Almeida, D., Dearing, J., King, R., & Buxton, O. (2013). An Integrative, Multilevel, and Transdisciplinary Research Approach to Challenges of Work, Family, and Health (No. MR-0024-1303). Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI Press. Retrieved from http://www.rti.org/publications/rtipress.cfm?pubid=20777
  • Byron, K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work–family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169–198. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
  • Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, G. D., & Klesh, J. (1983). Michigan organizational assessment questionnaire. In S. E. Seashore, E. E. Lawler, P. H. Mirvis, & C. Cammann (Eds.), Assessing organizational change: A guide to methods, measures, and practices (pp. 71–138), New York: Wiley-Interscience.
  • Carlson, D. S., Grzywacz, J. G., & Kacmar, K. M. (2010). The relationship of schedule flexibility and outcomes via the work-family interface. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 25(4), 330–355. doi: 10.1108/02683941011035278
  • Chesley, N. (2005). Blurring boundaries? Linking technology use, spillover, individual distress, and family satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(5), 1237–1248. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00213.x
  • CLASP. (n.d.). CLASP: policy solutions that work for low-income people. Retrieved from http://www.clasp.org/issues/work-life-and-job-quality/scheduling-resources
  • Clawson, D., & Gerstel, N. (2014). Unequal time: Gender, class, and family in employment schedules. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.russellsage.org/publications/unequal-time
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(4), 385–96.
  • Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the US. In S. Spacapan, & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 31–67). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. doi: 10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Duncan, K. A., & Pettigrew, R. N. (2012). The effect of work arrangements on perception of work-family balance. Community, Work & Family, 15(4), 403–423. doi: 10.1080/13668803.2012.724832
  • Frone, M. R. (2000). Work–family conflict and employee psychiatric disorders: The national comorbidity survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(6), 888–895.
  • Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
  • Gerstel, N., & Clawson, D. (2001). Unions’ responses to family concerns. Social Problems, 48(2), 277–297.
  • Glavin, P., & Schieman, S. (2012). Work–family role blurring and work–family conflict: The moderating influence of job resources and job demands. Work and Occupations, 39(1), 71–98. doi: 10.1177/0730888411406295
  • Glavin, P., Schieman, S., & Reid, S. (2011). Boundary-spanning work demands and their consequences for guilt and psychological distress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(1), 43–57. doi: 10.1177/0022146510395023
  • Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26(3), 463–488. doi: 10.1177/014920630002600305
  • Grzywacz, J. G., Carlson, D. S., & Shulkin, S. (2008). Schedule flexibility and stress: Linking formal flexible arrangements and perceived flexibility to employee health. Community, Work & Family, 11(2), 199–214. doi: 10.1080/13668800802024652
  • Henly, J. R., & Lambert, S. J. (2014). Unpredictable work timing in retail jobs: Implications for employee work-life conflict. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 67(3), 986–1016. doi: 10.1177/0019793914537458
  • Henly, J. R., Shaefer, H. L., & Waxman, E. (2006). Nonstandard work schedules: Employer- and employee-driven flexibility in retail jobs. Social Service Review, 80(4), 609–634. doi: 10.1086/508478
  • Hill, E. J., Grzywacz, J. G., Allen, S., Blanchard, V. L., Matz-Costa, C., Shulkin, S., & Pitt-Catsouphes, M. (2008). Defining and conceptualizing workplace flexibility. Community, Work & Family, 11(2), 149–163. doi: 10.1080/13668800802024678
  • Kalleberg, A. L. (2011). Good jobs, Bad jobs: The rise of polarized and precarious employment systems in the United States, 1970s–2000s. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Kantor, J. (2014a, August 13). Working anything but 9 to 5. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/us/starbucks-workers-scheduling-hours.html
  • Kantor, J. (2014b, August 14). Starbucks to revise policies to end irregular schedules for its 130,000 Baristas. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/15/us/starbucks-to-revise-work-scheduling-policies.html
  • Karasek, R., Brisson, C., Kawakami, N., Houtman, I., Bongers, P., & Amick, B. (1998). The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ): An instrument for internationally comparative assessments of psychosocial job characteristics. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3(4), 322–355. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.3.4.322
  • Karasek, R. A., & Theorell, T. (1990). Healthy work: Stress productivity and the reconstruction of working life. New York: Basic Books.
  • Kelly, E. L., Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L. B., Durham, M., Bray, J., Chermack, K., … Kaskubar, D. (2008). Getting there from here: Research on the effects of work–family initiatives on work–family conflict and business outcomes. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 305–349. doi: 10.1080/19416520802211610
  • Kelly, E. L., Moen, P., Oakes, J. M., Fan, W., Okechukwu, C., Davis, K. D., … Casper, L. M. (2014). Changing work and work-family conflict evidence from the work, family, and health Network. American Sociological Review, 79(3), 485–516. doi: 10.1177/0003122414531435
  • Kelly, E. L., Moen, P., & Tranby, E. (2011). Changing workplaces to reduce work-family conflict. American Sociological Review, 76(2), 265–290. doi: 10.1177/0003122411400056
  • Kessler, R. C., Barker, P. R., Colpe, L. J., Epstein, J. F., Gfroerer, J. C., Hiripi, E., … Zaslavsky, A. M. (2003). Screening for serious mental illness in the general population. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(2), 184–189. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.60.2.184
  • King, R. B., Karuntzos, G., Casper, L. M., Moen, P., Davis, K. D., Berkman, L. F., … Kossek, E. E. (2012). Work-family balance issues and work-leave policies. In R. J. Gatchel, & I. Z. Schultz (Eds.), Handbook of occupational health and wellness (pp. 323–339). New York, NY: Springer.
  • Kossek, E. E., Lautsch, B. A., & Eaton, S. C. (2006). Telecommuting, control, and boundary management: Correlates of policy use and practice, job control, and work–family effectiveness. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(2), 347–367. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2005.07.002
  • Lam, J., Fox, K., Fan, W., Moen, P., Kelly, E., Hammer, L., & Kossek, E. E. (2015). Manager characteristics and employee job insecurity around a merger announcement: The role of status and crossover. The Sociological Quarterly, 56(3), 558–580. doi: 10.1111/tsq.12092
  • Lambert, S. J. (2008). Passing the buck: Labor flexibility practices that transfer risk onto hourly workers. Human Relations, 61(9), 1203–1227. doi: 10.1177/0018726708094910
  • Lambert, S. J., Fugiel, P. J., & Henly, J. R. (2014). Precarious work schedules among early-career employees in the US: A national snapshot. Retrieved from http://ssascholars.uchicago.edu/work-scheduling-study/files/lambert.fugiel.henly_.precarious_work_schedules.august2014.pdf
  • Lambert, S. J., Haley-Lock, A., & Henly, J. R. (2012). Schedule flexibility in hourly jobs: Unanticipated consequences and promising directions. Community, Work & Family, 15(3), 293–315. doi: 10.1080/13668803.2012.662803
  • Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 123–133. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123
  • MacEachen, E., Polzer, J., & Clarke, J. (2008). “You are free to set your own hours”: Governing worker productivity and health through flexibility and resilience. Social Science & Medicine, 66(5), 1019–1033. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.11.013
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1986). Maslach burnout inventory manual, 2nd ed. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
  • McCrate, E. (2012). Flexibility for whom? Control over work schedule variability in the US. Feminist Economics, 18(1), 39–72. doi: 10.1080/13545701.2012.660179
  • Michel, J. S., Kotrba, L. M., Mitchelson, J. K., Clark, M. A., & Baltes, B. B. (2011). Antecedents of work–family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725. doi: 10.1002/job.695
  • Minnotte, K. L., Cook, A., & Minnotte, M. C. (2010). Occupation and industry sex segregation, gender, and workplace support: The use of flexible scheduling policies. Journal of Family Issues, 31(5), 656–680. doi: 10.1177/0192513X09348593
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., Fan, W., Lee, S.-R., Almeida, D., Kossek, E. E., & Buxton, O. M. (2016). Does a flexibility/support organizational initiative improve high-tech employees’ well-being? Evidence from the Work, Family, and Health Network. American Sociological Review, 81(1), 134–164. doi: 10.1177/0003122415622391
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., & Hill, R. (2011). Does enhancing work-time control and flexibility reduce turnover? A naturally occurring experiment. Social Problems, 58(1), 69–98.
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., & Huang, Q. (2008). Work, family and life-course fit: Does control over work time matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(3), 414–425. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2008.08.002
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., & Lam, J. (2013). Healthy work revisited: Do changes in time strain predict well-being? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18(2), 157–172. doi: 10.1037/a0031804
  • Moen, P., Kelly, E. L., Tranby, E., & Huang, Q. (2011). Changing work, Changing health: Can real work-time flexibility promote health behaviors and well-being? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(4), 404–429. doi: 10.1177/0022146511418979
  • Moen, P., & Roehling, P. (2005). The career mystique: Cracks in the American dream. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • Munsch, C. L., Ridgeway, C. L., & Williams, J. C. (2014). Pluralistic ignorance and the flexibility bias: understanding and mitigating flextime and flexplace bias at work. Work and Occupations, 41(1), 40–62. doi: 10.1177/0730888413515894
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 400–410.
  • Nijp, H. H., Beckers, D. G. J., Geurts, S. A. E., Tucker, P., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2012). Systematic review on the association between employee worktime control and work–non-work balance, health and well-being, and job-related outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3307
  • Noonan, M. C., & Glass, J. L. (2012). The hard truth about telecommuting. Monthly Labor Review, 38–45.
  • Olson, R., Crain, T. L., Bodner, T. E., King, R., Hammer, L. B., Klein, L. C., … Buxton, O. M. (2015). A workplace intervention improves sleep: Results from the randomized controlled Work, Family, and Health Study. Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation, 1(1), 55–65. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2014.11.003
  • Perlow, L. A. (2012). Sleeping with your Smartphone: How to break the 24/7 Habit and change the way you work. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Pryce, J., Albertsen, K., & Nielsen, K. (2006). Evaluation of an open-rota system in a Danish psychiatric hospital: A mechanism for improving job satisfaction and work–life balance. Journal of Nursing Management, 14(4), 282–288. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2934.2006.00617.x
  • Roeters, A., Van Der Lippe, T., & Kluwer, E. S. (2010). Work characteristics and parent-child relationship quality: The mediating role of temporal involvement. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(5), 1317–1328. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00767.x
  • Sabbath, E. L., Melchior, M., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., & Berkman, L. F. (2012). Work and family demands: Predictors of all-cause sickness absence in the GAZEL cohort. The European Journal of Public Health, 22(1), 101–106. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr041
  • Schieman, S. (2013). Job-related resources and the pressures of working life. Social Science Research, 42(2), 271–282. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.10.003
  • Schieman, S., & Glavin, P. (2008). Trouble at the Border?: Gender, flexibility at work, and the work-home interface. Social Problems, 55(4), 590–611.
  • Schieman, S., Milkie, M. A., & Glavin, P. (2009). When work Interferes with life: Work-nonwork interference and the influence of work-related demands and resources. American Sociological Review, 74(6), 966–988. doi: 10.1177/000312240907400606
  • Schieman, S., & Young, M. (2010). Is there a downside to schedule control for the work-family interface? Journal of Family Issues, 31(10), 1391–1414. doi: 10.1177/0192513X10361866
  • Schneider, D., & Harknett, K. (2019). Consequences of routine work-schedule instability for worker health and well-being. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 82–114. doi: 10.1177/0003122418823184
  • Tausig, M., & Fenwick, R. (2001). Unbinding time: Alternate work schedules and work-life balance. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 22(2), 101–119. doi: 10.1023/A:1016626028720
  • Thomas, L. T., & Ganster, D. C. (1995). Impact of family-supportive work variables on work-family conflict and strain: A control perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(1), 6–15. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.80.1.6
  • van Steenbergen, E. F., & Ellemers, N. (2009). Is managing the work–family interface worthwhile? benefits for employee health and performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(5), 617–642. doi: 10.1002/job.569
  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). Consequences of boundary-spanning demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and perceived stress. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 491–503. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.10.4.491
  • Wolfram, M., Bellingrath, S., Feuerhahn, N., & Kudielka, B. M. (2013). Emotional exhaustion and overcommitment to work are differentially associated with hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses to a low-dose ACTH1–24 (Synacthen) and dexamethasone–CRH test in healthy school teachers. Stress, 16(1), 54–64. doi: 10.3109/10253890.2012.683465