References
- Alford, R. R., and R. Friedland. 1985. Powers of Theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Aten, K., J. Howard-Grenville, and M. J. Ventresca. 2012. “Organizational Culture and Institutional Theory: A Conversation at the Border.” Journal of Management Inquiry 21 (1): 78–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492611419790.
- Blake, D. J., and C. Moschieri. 2017. “Policy Risk, Strategic Decisions and Contagion Effects: Firm‐Specific Considerations.” Strategic Management Journal 38 (3): 732–750. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2509.
- Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa.
- Brettel, M., C. Chomik, and T. C. Flatten. 2015. “How Organizational Culture Influences Innovativeness, Proactiveness, and Risk-Taking: Fostering Entrepreneurial Orientation in SMEs.” Journal of Small Business Management 53 (4): 868–885. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12108.
- Bromiley, P., M. K. McShane, A. Nair, and E. Rustambekov. 2015. “Enterprise Risk Management: Review, Critique, and Research Directions.” Long Range Planning 48 (4): 265–276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2014.07.005.
- Brunswicker, S., and W. Vanhaverbeke. 2015. “Open Innovation in Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises (SMEs): External Knowledge Sourcing Strategies and Internal Organizational Facilitators.” Journal of Small Business Management 53 (4): 1241–1263. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12120.
- Bui, D. G., Y. Fang, and C.-Y. Lin. 2018. “The Influence of Risk Culture on Firm Returns in Times of Crisis.” International Review of Economics & Finance 57: 291–306, September. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.01.015.
- Cagliano, A. C., S. Grimaldi, and C. Rafele. 2015. “Choosing Project Risk Management Techniques. A Theoretical Framework.” Journal of Risk Research 18 (2): 232–248. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.896398.
- Cain, M. D., and S. B. McKeon. 2016. “CEO Personal Risk-Taking and Corporate Policies.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 51 (1): 139–164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109016000041.
- Calomiris, C. W., and M. Carlson. 2016. “Corporate Governance and Risk Management at Unprotected Banks: National Banks in the 1890s.” Journal of Financial Economics 119 (3): 512–532. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.01.025.
- Cardinale, I. 2018. “Beyond Constraining and Enabling: Toward New Microfoundations for Institutional Theory.” Academy of Management Review 43 (1): 132–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2015.0020.
- Ceryno, P. S., L. F. Scavarda, and K. Klingebiel. 2015. “Supply Chain Risk: Empirical Research in the Automotive Industry.” Journal of Risk Research 18 (9): 1145–1164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.913662.
- Choi, Y., X. Ye, L. Zhao, and A. C. Luo. 2016. “Optimizing Enterprise Risk Management: A Literature Review and Critical Analysis of the Work of Wu and Olson.” Annals of Operations Research 237 (1–2): 281–300. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-015-1789-5.
- Clarke, C. J., and S. Varma. 1999. “Strategic Risk Management: The New Competitive Edge.” Long Range Planning 32 (4): 414–424. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(99)00052-7.
- Cohen, M., A. Gumede, and P. Vecchiatto. 2017. “KPMG, McKinsey feel the Heat over South Africa Graft Scandal.” Bloomberg, September 18. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-18/kpmg-mckinsey-feel-the-heat-as-graft-scandal-rocks-south-africa
- Dibrell, C., J. B. Craig, and D. C. Neubaum. 2014. “Linking the Formal Strategic Planning Process, Planning Flexibility, and Innovativeness to Firm Performance.” Journal of Business Research 67 (9): 2000–2007. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.10.011.
- Dobbin, F., and S. Vican. 2015. “Organization and Culture.” International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed., edited by James D. Wright, 390–396, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Elbanna, S., and J. Child. 2007. “The Influence of Decision, Environmental and Firm Characteristics on the Rationality of Strategic Decision‐Making.” Journal of Management Studies 44 (4): 561–591. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00670.x.
- Elshandidy, T., and L. Neri. 2015. “Corporate Governance, Risk Disclosure Practices, and Market Liquidity: Comparative Evidence from the UK and Italy.” Corporate Governance: An International Review 23 (4): 331–356. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12095.
- Fritz-Morgenthal, S., J. Hellmuth, and N. Packham. 2015. “Does Risk Culture Matter? The Relationship between Risk Culture Indicators and Stress Test Results.” Journal of Risk Management in Financial Institutions 9 (1): 71–84.
- Gao, Y. 2017. “Business Leaders’ Personal Values, Organisational Culture and Market Orientation.” Journal of Strategic Marketing 25 (1): 49–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2015.1076879.
- Goerlandt, F., and J. Montewka. 2015. “Maritime Transportation Risk Analysis: Review and Analysis in Light of Some Foundational Issues.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 138: 115–134. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.01.025.
- Harrison, E. F. 1995. The Managerial Decision-Making Process. Vol. 4. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
- Hartnell, C. A., D. Ou, A. J. Kinicki, A. Y. Choi, and E. P. Karam. 2019. “A Meta-Analytic Test of Organizational culture's association with elements of an organization's system and its relative predictive validity on organizational outcomes.” The Journal of Applied Psychology 104 (6): 832–850. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000380.
- Institute of Directors in Southern Africa (IoDSA). 2016. King 4 - Report on Good Corporate Governance. Johannesburg: IoDSA.
- Institute of Risk Management. 2012. Risk Culture: Under the Microscope Guidance for Boards. London: IRM.
- Knight, F. H. 1921. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston, MA, Houghton Mifflin Company.
- Kownatzki, M., J. Walter, S. W. Floyd, and C. Lechner. 2013. “Corporate Control and the Speed of Strategic Business Unit Decision-Making.” Academy of Management Journal 56 (5): 1295–1324. doi:https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0804.
- Li, K., D. Griffin, H. Yue, and L. Zhao. 2013. “How Does Culture Influence Corporate Risk-Taking?” Journal of Corporate Finance 23: 1–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2013.07.008.
- MacKay, R. B., and R. Chia. 2013. “Choice, Chance, and Unintended Consequences in Strategic Change: A Process Understanding of the Rise and Fall of Northco Automotive.” Academy of Management Journal 56 (1)2013): 208–230. doi:https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0734.
- March, J. G., and Z. Shapira. 1987. “Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking.” Management Science 33 (11): 1404–1418. doi:https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.33.11.1404.
- Matheson, C. 2018. “Four Organisational Cultures in the Australian Public Service: Assessing the Validity and Plausibility of Mary Douglas’ Cultural Theory.” Australian Journal of Public Administration 77 (4): 644–657. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12303.
- Mikes, A., and R. S. Kaplan. 2013. Towards a Contingency Theory of Enterprise Risk Management. Boston, MA.: Harvard Business School.
- Mousavi, S., and G. Gigerenzer. 2017. “Heuristics Are Tools for Uncertainty.” Homo Oeconomicus 34 (4): 361–379. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s41412-017-0058-z.
- Munisi, G., N. Hermes, and T. Randøy. 2014. “Corporate Boards and Ownership Structure: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.” International Business Review 23 (4): 785–796. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.12.001.
- Ogbonna, E., and L. C. Harris. 2000. “Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from UK Companies.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 11 (4): 766–788. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190050075114.
- Palermo, T., M. Power, and S. Ashby. 2017. “Navigating Institutional Complexity: The Production of Risk Culture in the Financial Sector.” Journal of Management Studies 54 (2): 154–181. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12241.
- Pan, Y., S. Siegel, and T. Y. Wang. 2017. “Corporate Risk Culture.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 52 (6): 2327–2367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109017000771.
- Papadakis, V. M., S. Lioukas, and D. Chambers. 1998. “Strategic Decision‐Making Processes: The Role of Management and Context.” Strategic Management Journal 19 (2): 115–147. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199802)19:2<115::AID-SMJ941>3.0.CO;2-5.
- Pearse, N., and M. Kanyangale. 2009. “Researching Organizational Culture Using the Grounded Theory Method.” Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods 7 (1): 67–74.
- Pedersen, J. S., and F. Dobbin. 2006. “In Search of Identity and Legitimation: Bridging Organizational Culture and Neoinstitutionalism.” American Behavioral Scientist 49 (7): 897–907. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764205284798.
- Power, M. 2009. “The Risk Management of Nothing.” Accounting, Organizations and Society 34 (6-7): 849–855. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2009.06.001.
- Ring, P. J., C. Bryce, R. McKinney, and R. Webb. 2016. “Taking Notice of Risk Culture: The Regulator’s Approach.” Journal of Risk Research 19 (3): 364–387. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2014.983944.
- Sax, J., and S. S. Torp. 2015. “Speak up! Enhancing Risk Performance with Enterprise Risk Management, Leadership Style and Employee Voice.” Management Decision 53 (7): 1452–1468. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2014-0625.
- Schein, E. H. 2010. Organizational Culture and Leadership. 4th ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Shivakumar, R. 2014. “How to Tell Which Decisions Are Strategic.” California Management Review 56 (3): 78–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.3.78.
- Sibony, O., D. Lovallo, and T. C. Powell. 2017. “Behavioral Strategy and the Strategic Decision Architecture of the Firm.” California Management Review 59 (3): 5–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617712256.
- Smith, W. K. 2014. “Dynamic Decision-Making: A Model of Senior Leaders Managing Strategic Paradoxes.” Academy of Management Journal 57 (6): 1592–1623. doi:https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0932.
- Thornton, P. H. 2002. “The Rise of the Corporation in a Craft Industry: Conflict and Conformity in Institutional Logics.” Academy of Management Journal 45 (1): 81–101. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/3069286.
- To, C., G. J. Kilduff, L. Ordoñez, and M. E. Schweitzer. 2018. “Going for It on Fourth down: Rivalry Increases Risk Taking, Physiological Arousal, and Promotion Focus.” Academy of Management Journal 61 (4): 1281–1306. doi:https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.0850.
- Townsend, J. D., and R. J. Calantone. 2014. “Evolution and Transformation of Innovation in the Global Automotive Industry.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 31 (1): 4–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12075.
- Unterrheiner, S. 2017. “The Importance of Risk Culture to Your Risk Management Structure.” Genre, January 10. http://www.genre.com/knowledge/blog/the-importance-of-risk-culture-en.html
- Westenholz, A., J. S. Pedersen, and F. Dobbin. 2006. “Institutions in the Making: Identity, Power, and the Emergence of New Organizational Forms.” American Behavioral Scientist 49 (7): 889–896. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764205284796.
- Wood, A. 2017. “What Is Risk Culture? Willis Towers Watson Wire.” May 11 https://blog.willis.com/2017/05/what-is-risk-culture/
- Wright, J. F. 2018. “Risk Management: A Behavioural Perspective.” Journal of Risk Research 21 (6): 710–724. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2016.1235605.
- Yaraghi, N., and R. G. Langhe. 2011. “Critical Success Factors for Risk Management Systems.” Journal of Risk Research 14 (5): 551–581. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2010.547253.
- Zio, E., and N. Pedroni. 2012. Overview of Risk-Informed Decision-Making Processes. Number 2012-10 of the Cahiers de la Sécurité Industrielle. Toulouse, France: Foundation for an Industrial Safety Culture.