Phenomenology of delusions and hallucinations in schizophrenia by religious convictions

References

• Al-Issa , I . 1995 . The illusion of reality or the reality of illusion, hallucination and culture . British Journal of Psychiatry , 166 : 368 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders- fourth edition-text revised (DSM-IV-TR) , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Azhar , MZ , Varma , SL and Hakim , HR . 1995 . Phenomenological differences of hallucinations between schizophrenic patients in Penang and Kelantan . Medical Journal of Malaysia , 48 ( 2 ) : 146 – 152 .
   Google Scholar
• Aziz , S and Rehman , G . 1996 . Index of religiosity: The development of an indigenous measure . Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology , 22 : 79 – 85 .
   Google Scholar
• Beers , C . 1981 . A mind that found itself , Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press .
   Google Scholar
• Borras , I , Mohr , S , Brandt , PY , Gillieron , C , Eytan , A and Huguelet , P . 2007 . Religious beliefs in schizophrenia: Their relevance for adherence to treatment . Schizophrenia Bulletin , 35 : 1238 – 1246 .
   Google Scholar
• Bose , R . 1997 . Psychiatry and the popular conception of possession among the Bangladeshis in London . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 43 : 11 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• Brewerton , TD . 1994 . Hyperreligiosity in psychotic disorders . Journal of Nervous Mental Disorders , 182 : 302 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick , PD and Birchwood , M . 1995 . The omnipotence of voices II: The Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire . British Journal of Psychiatry , 166 : 773 – 776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick , PD , Birchwood , M and Trower , P . 1996 . Cognitive therapy for delusions, voices and paranoia , Chichester : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Clay , S . 1987 . Stigma and spirituality . Journal of Contemplative Psychology , 4 : 87 – 94 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , H and Waldfogel , S . 1995 . Severe ocular self-injury . General Hospital Psychiatry , 17 : 224 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadit , AA and Khalid , N . 2002 . State of mental health in Pakistan , Karachi, , Pakistan : Hamdard University Hospital Press .
   Google Scholar
• Getz , GE , Fleck , DE and Strakowski , SM . 2001 . Frequency and severity of religious delusions in Christian patients with psychosis . Psychiatry Research , 103 ( 1 ) : 87 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdan , A . 2007 . A case study of a Muslim client: Incorporating religious beliefs and practices . Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development , 35 ( 2 ) : 92 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hood , RW , Morris , RJ and Watson , PJ . 1990 . Quasi-experimental elicitation of the differential report of religious experience among intrinsic and indiscriminately pro-religious types . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 29 ( 2 ) : 164 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Jackson , MC and Fulford , KWM . 1997 . Spiritual experience and psychopathology . Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology , 4 ( 1 ) : 41 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Jahangi , SF . 1995 . Third force therapy and its impact on treatment outcome . International Journal for the Psychology of Religion , 5 ( 2 ) : 125 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• James , W . 1958 . The varieties of religious experience , New York : New American Library .
   Google Scholar
• Kausar , R and Sarwar , F . 1997 . A study of misconceptions in Pakistani population about etiology and treatment of mental disorders . Journal of Psychology , 24 : 73 – 81 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirov , G , Kemp , R , Kirov , K and David , AS . 1998 . Religious faith after psychotic illness . Psychopathology , 31 ( 5 ) : 234 – 245 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenig , HG . 2007 . Religion, spirituality and psychotic disorders . Revista de Psiquiatria Clinica , 34 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 40 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Koenig , HG , McCullough , M and Larson , DB . 2001 . Handbook of religion and health: A century of research renewed , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kraya , N and Patrick , C . 1997 . Folie a deux in forensic setting . Australian and Newzealand Journal of Psychiatry , 31 : 883 – 888 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroll , J and Sheehan , W . 1989 . Religious beliefs and practices among 52 psychiatric inpatients in Minnesota . American Journal of Psychiatry , 146 : 67 – 72 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , DB , Pattison , EM , Blazer , DG , Omran , AR and Kaplan , BH . 1986 . Systematic analysis of research on religious variables in four major psychiatric journals, 1978–1982 . American Journal of Psychiatry , 143 : 329 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukoff , D . 1990–1991 . Divine madness . Shaman's Drum , 22 : 24 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , S , Brandt , PY , Borras , L , Gillieron , C and Huguelet , P . 2006 . Toward an integration of spirituality and religiousness into the psychosocial dimension of schizophrenia . American Journal of Psychiatry , 163 ( 11 ) : 1952 – 1959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr , WK and Faan , RN . 2006 . Spiritual issues in psychiatric care . Perspectives in Psychiatric Care , 42 ( 3 ) : 174 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohr , S and Huguelet , P . 2004 . The relationship between schizophrenia and religion and its implications for care . Swiss Medical Weekly , 34 : 369 – 376 .
   Google Scholar
• Mubbashar , MH and Saeed , K . 2001 . Development of mental health services in Pakistan . Retrieved September 15, 2007, from http://www.emro.who.int/mnh/whd/TechPres-Pakistan1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Murphy , HB and Vega , G . 1982 . Schizophrenia and religious affiliation in Northern Ireland . Psychological Medicine , 12 : 595 – 605 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndetei , DM and Vadher , A . 1985 . Content of grandiose phenomenology across cultures . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 72 : 38 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neeleman , J and Lewis , G . 1994 . Religious identity and comfort beliefs in three groups of psychiatric patients and a group of medical controls . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 40 : 124 – 134 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Park , C , Cohen , LH and Herb , L . 1990 . Intrinsic religiousness and religious coping as life stress moderators for Catholics versus Protestants . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59 : 562 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , E , Day , S , McKenna , J and Orbach , G . 1999 . Delusional ideation in religious and psychotic populations . British Journal of Clinical Psychology , 38 : 83 – 96 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reeves , R and Liberto , V . 2006 . Suicide associated with antichrist delusion . Journal of Forensic Science , 15 ( 2 ) : 411 – 412 .
   Google Scholar
• Roger , GM and Rogers , SA . 2002 . Diagnostic differences in religious coping among individuals with persistent mental illness . Journal of Psychology and Christianity , 21 ( 4 ) : 341 – 348 .
   Google Scholar
• Saeed , K , Gater , R , Hussain , A and Mubbashar , M . 2000 . The prevalence, classification and treatment of mental disorders among attenders of native faith healers in rural Pakistan . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 35 : 480 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp , HM , Fear , CF and Healy , D . 1997 . Attributional style and delusions: An investigation based on delusional content . European Psychiatry , 12 : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddle , R , Haddock , G , Tarrier , N and Faragher , B . 2000 . Religious delusions in patients admitted to hospital with schizophrenia . Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology , 37 ( 3 ) : 130 – 138 .
   Google Scholar
• Silva , JA , Leong , GB and Weinstock , R . 1997 . Violent behaviors associated with the antichrist delusion . Journal of Forensic Science , 42 : 1058 – 1061 .
   Google Scholar
• Spencer , J . 1975 . The mental health of Jehovah's witnesses . British Journal of Psychiatry , 126 : 556 – 559 .
   Google Scholar
• Stifler , K , Greer , J , Sneck , W and Dovenmuehle , R . 1993 . An empirical investigation of the discriminability of reported mystical experiences among religious contemplatives, psychotic inpatients and normal adults . Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion , 32 ( 4 ) : 366 – 372 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhail , K . 2003 . Content of delusions in Pakistani schizophrenic patients by gender and social class . Psychopathology , 36 ( 4 ) : 195 – 199 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhail , K . 2004 . A study investigating mental health literacy in Pakistan . Journal of Mental Health , 14 ( 2 ) : 167 – 182 .
   Google Scholar
• Suhail , K and Ajmal , MA . 2009 . “ Counseling in Pakistan: An Eastern Muslim perspective ” . In International handbook of cross-cultural counseling: Cultural assumptions and practices worldwide , Edited by: Gerstein , LH , Heppner , PP , Egisdottir , SA , Leung , SA and Norsworthy , KL . 237 – 250 . Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Suhail , K and Akram , S . 2000 . Correlates of death anxiety in Pakistan . Death Studies , 26 : 39 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Suhail , K and Cochrane , R . 2002 . Effect of culture and environment on the phenomenology of delusions and hallucinations . International Journal of Social Psychiatry , 48 ( 2 ) : 126 – 138 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suhail , K , Malik , F , Mir , IA , Hasan , SS , Sarwar , A and Tanveer , S . Psychological health of earthquake survivors in Pakistan . Psychology and Developing Societies , (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Tateyama , M , Asai , M , Kamisada , M , Hashimoto , M , Bartels , M and Heimann , H . 1993 . Comparison of schizophrenic delusions between Japan and Germany . Psychopathology , 26 : 151 – 158 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torrey , EF . 1987 . Prevalence tudies in schizophrenia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 150 : 598 – 608 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waugh , A . 1986 . Auto-castration and biblical delusions in schizophrenia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 149 : 656 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing , JK , Cooper , JE and Sartorius , N . 1974 . Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms: An introduction manual for the PSE and Catego program (9th revision) , London : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar