“It’s only ‘madness’ that I know”: analysis of how mental illness is conceptualised by congregants of selected Charismatic churches in Ghana

References

• Ae-Ngibise, K., Cooper, S., Adiibokah, E., Akpalu, B., Lund, C., Doku, V., & Mhapp Research Programme Consortium. (2010). “Whether you like it or not people with mental problems are going to go to them”: A qualitative exploration into the widespread use of traditional and faith healers in the provision of mental health care in Ghana. International Review of Psychiatry, 22, 558–567. doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.536149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
   Google Scholar
• Asamoah, M. K., Osafo, J., & Agyapong, I. (2014). The role of Penecostal clergy in mental health-care delivery in Ghana. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 17, 601–614. doi:10.1080/13674676.2013.871628
   Google Scholar
• Barke, A., Nyarko, S., & Klecha, D. (2011). The stigma of mental illness in Southern Ghana: Attitudes of the urban population and patients’ views. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 46, 1191–1202. doi:10.1007/s00127-010-0290-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brissette, I., Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (2002). The role of optimism in social network development, coping, and psychological adjustment during a life transition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 102–111. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comer, R. J. (2004). Abnormal psychology. New York, NY: Worth.
   Google Scholar
• Fiasorgbor, F. A., & Aniah, S. A. (2015). Perceptions and beliefs about mental illness (schizophrenia) among adults in Zaare community. Developing Countries Studies, 9, 150–158. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Doris_Fiasorgbor/publication/282613024_Perceptions_and_Beliefs_about_Mental_Illness_Schizophrenia_among_Adults_in_Zaare_Community/links/5614239008ae4ce3cc63863e.pdf?origin=publication_list
   Google Scholar
• German, G. A. (1987). Mental health in Africa: The extent of mental health problems in Africa today – an update of epidemiological knowledge. British Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 435–439. doi:10.1192/bjp.151.4.435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service. (2012). 2010 population and housing census. Accra: Ghana Statistical Survey.
   Google Scholar
• Gur, K., Sener, N., Kucuk, L., Cetindag, Z., & Basar, M. (2012). The beliefs of teachers toward mental illness. Procedia-Social and Behavioural Sciences, 47, 1146–1152. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.793
   Google Scholar
• Hartog, K., & Gow, K. M. (2005). Religious attributions pertaining to the causes and cures of mental illness. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8, 263–276. doi:1367467041233130433
   Google Scholar
• Hugo, C. J., Boshoff, D. E. L., Traut, A., Zungu-Dirwayi, N., & Stein, D. J. (2003). Community attitude toward and knowledge on mental illness in South Africa. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatry Epidemiology, 38, 715–719. doi:10.1007/s00127-003-0695-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm, A. F. (2000). Mental health literacy: Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 396–401. doi:10.1192/bjp.177.5.396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan, H. I., & Sadock, B. J. (1998). Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral science/clinical psychiatry (8th ed.). New Delhi, India: B. I. Waverty Pty Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Kitchener, B. A., & Jorm, A. F. (2002). Mental health first aid training for the public: Evaluation of effects on knowledge, attitudes and helping behavior. BMC Psychiatry, 2. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-2-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyei, J. J., Dueck, A., Indart, M. J., & Nyarko, N. Y. (2014). Supernatural belief systems, mental health and perceptions of mental disorders in Ghana. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 7, 137–151. doi:10.1080/17542863.2012.734838
   Google Scholar
• Lauber, C., Anthony, M., Ajdacic-Gross, V., & Rossler, W. (2004). What about psychiatrists attitude to mentally ill people? European Psychiatry, 19, 423–427. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, E., & Medin, D. (2006). Explanatory models of illness: A study of within-culture variation. Cognitive Psychology, 53, 285–309. doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2006.02.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (2nd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell, J. A. (2009). Designing a qualitative study. In L. Brinkman & D. J. Rog (Eds.), The Sage handbook of applied social research methods (pp. 214–253). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Mbiti, J. S. (1995). African religions and philosophy. In P. English & K. M. Kalumba (Eds.), African philosophy: A classical approach (pp. 66–80). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Mohr, A. (2013). Enchanted Calvinism: Labor migration, afflicting spirits, and Christian therapy in the presbyterian church of Ghana. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
   Google Scholar
• Myers, D. G. (2008). Exploring psychology (7th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.
   Google Scholar
• Nunn, A. L. (2009). Eating disorder and the experience of self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (Doctoral dissertation). University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England.
   Google Scholar
• Opare-Henaku, A. (2013). Notions of spirits as agents of mental illness among the Akan of Ghana: A cultural-psychological exploration (Dissertation submitted to Virginia Commonwealth University). Retrieved from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3302/
   Google Scholar
• Read, U. M., Adibokah, E., & Nyame, S. (2009). Local suffering and the global discourse of mental health and human rights: An ethnographic study of responses to mental illness in rural Ghana. Global Health, 5: 13. doi:10.1186/1744-8603-5-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, H. (2001). A way forward for mental health care in Ghana? The Lancet, 357, p.1859. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05020-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, M., Mogan, C., & Asare, J. B. (2014). An overview of Ghana’s mental health system: results from an assessment using the World Health Organization's Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHOAIMS). International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8, 16. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-8-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salifu Yendork, J., & Somhlaba, N. Z. (2016). “I am happy because of God”: Religion and spirituality for well-being Ghanaian orphanage-placed children. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/rel0000094
   Google Scholar
• Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22, 63–75. doi:10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
   Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A. (1996). Beyond the divide between cognition and discourse: Using interpretative phenomenological analysis in health psychology. Psychology & Health, 11, 261–271. doi:10.1080/08870449608400256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Stanford, M. S. (2007). Demon or disorder: A survey of attitudes towards mental illness in the Christian church. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 10, 445–449. doi:13674670600903049
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, M. F., & Bentley, K. J. (2004). Changing conceptualizations of mental health and mental illness: Implications for “brain disease” and “behavioral health” for social work. Social Work in Mental Health, 2, 1–16. doi:10.1300/J200v02n04_01
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2007). Ghana: A very progressive mental health law. The country summary series. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/GhanaCoutrySummary_Oct2007.pdf
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Diagnostic criteria for research. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2001). World health report 2001. Mental health: New understanding, new hope. Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar