Islamic integrated exposure response therapy for mental pollution subtype of contamination obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case report and literature review

References

• Abdullah, K. H. A., Saini, S. M., Sharip, S., & Shaharom, M. H. (2016). Seeking help at an Islamic spiritual healing centre: Malaysia’s perspective. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(7), 742–751. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2016.1277986
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdullah, K. H. A., Saini, S. M., Sharip, S., & Shaharom, M. H. (2017). Psychiatric morbidities among attenders of an Islamic spiritual healing centre in Malaysia. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 16(1), 75–82. Retrieved from http://iiumedic.net/imjm/v1/download/Volume%2016%20No%201/IMJM-Vol-16-p075-082.pdf
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramowitz, J. S., Huppert, J. D., Cohen, A. B., Tolin, D. F., & Cahill, S. P. (2002). Religious obsessions and compulsions in a non-clinical sample: The Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity (PIOS). Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(7), 825–838. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(01)00070-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramowitz, J. S., & Jacoby, R. J. (2014). Scrupulosity: A cognitive–behavioral analysis and implications for treatment. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 3(2), 140–149. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad Nabil, M. R., Saini, S. M., Nasrin, N., Bahari, R., & Sharip, S. (2016). “I can’t pray” – the spiritual needs of Malaysian Muslim patients suffering from depression. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 15(1), 103–109. Retrieved from http://journals.iium.edu.my/imjm/index.php/eimj/article/view/429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad Nabil, M. R., Sharip, S., & Wan Ismail, W. S. (2017). Religious-integrated therapy for religious obsessive-compulsive disorder in an adolescent: A case report and literature review. Mental Health, Religion & Culture. Advance online publication doi: 10.1080/13674676.2017.1370700
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alarcon, R. D., Libb, J. W., & Spitler, D. (1993). A predictive study of obsessive compulsive disorder response to clomipramine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 13, 210–213. doi: 10.1097/00004714-199306000-00010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asif, M. M. (2015). A multivariate study of religiosity and obsessive compulsive symptoms: implications for clinical psychology theory and practice (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Monash University, Malaysia.
   Google Scholar
• Awaad, R., & Ali, S. (2015). Obsessional disorders in al-Balkhi’s 9th century treatise: Sustenance of the body and soul. Journal of Affective Disorders, 180, 185–189. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badri, M. (2013). Abu Zayd al-Balkhi’s sustenance of the soul: The cognitive behavior therapy of a ninth century physician. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York, NY: Harper and Row.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Manual for the Beck Anxiety Inventory. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Besiroglu, L., Karaca, S., & Keskin, I. (2014). Scrupulosity and obsessive compulsive disorder: The cognitive perspective in Islamic sources. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(1), 3–12. doi: 10.1007/s10943-012-9588-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonchek, A. (2009). What’s broken with cognitive behavior therapy treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and how to fix it. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 63(1), 69–86. Retrieved from http://coping.us/images/Bonchek2009_CBT_for_OCD.pdf doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2009.63.1.69
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coughtrey, A. E., Shafran, R., Lee, M., & Rachman, S. (2013). The treatment of mental contamination: A case series. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 20(2), 221–231. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.07.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cougle, J. R., Lee, H. J., Horowitz, J. D., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., & Telch, M. J. (2008). An exploration of the relationship between mental pollution and OCD symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 340–353. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.08.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egrilmez, A., Gulseren, L., Gulseren, S., & Kultur, S. (1997). Phenomenology of obsessions in a Turkish series of OCD patients. Psychopathology, 30(2), 106–110. doi: 10.1159/000285037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairbrother, N., Newth, S. J., & Rachman, S. (2005). Mental pollution: Feelings or dirtiness without physical contact. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 121–130. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.12.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., & Grayson, J. B. (1985). Imaginal and in vivo exposure: A comparison with obsessive-compulsive checkers. Behavior Therapy, 16(3), 292–302. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7894(85)80017-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Steketee, G., Grayson, J. B., & Doppelt, H. G. (1983). Failures in behaviour therapy. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Ghassemzadeh, H., Mojtabai, R., Khamseh, A., Ebrahimkhani, N., Issazadegan, A. A., & Saif-Nobakht, Z. (2002). Symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in a sample of Iranian patients. International Journal Social Psychiatry, 48(1), 20–28. doi: 10.1177/002076402128783055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., Rasmussen, S. A., Mazure, C., Fleischmann, R. L., Hill, C. L., … Charney, D. S. (1989). Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Archives of General Psychiatry, 46(11), 1006–1011. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810110048007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdan, A. (2008). Cognitive restructuring: An Islamic perspective. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 3(1), 99–116. doi: 10.1080/15564900802035268
   Google Scholar
• Hussain, F. A. (2011). Therapy from The Quran & ahadith. Riyadh: Darusalam Publisher.
   Google Scholar
• Karadag, F., Oguzhanoglu, N. K., Ozdel, O., Atesci, F. C., & Amuk, T. (2006). OCD symptoms in a sample of Turkish patients: A phenomenological picture. Depression and Anxiety, 23(3), 145–152. doi: 10.1002/da.20148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P., Kjernisted, K., Van Ameringen, M., … Walker, J. R. (2014). Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 14(Suppl 1), S1. doi: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-s1-s1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. M. (1994). The translation of the meanings of summarized Sahih al-Bukhari: Arabic-English. Riyadh: Kazi Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Koenig, H. G., Pearce, M. J., Nelson, B., Shaw, S. F., Robins, C. J., Daher, N. S., … Rosmarin, D. H. (2015). Religious vs. Conventional cognitive behavioral therapy for major depression in persons with chronic medical illness: A pilot randomized trial. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 203(4), 243–251. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maghen, Z. E. (1999). Close encounters: Some preliminary observations on the transmission of impurity in early Sunnī jurisprudence. Islamic Law and Society, 6(3), 348–392. doi: 10.1163/1568519991223784
   Google Scholar
• Mahgoub, O. M., & Abdel-Hafeiz, H. B. (1991). Pattern of obsessive-compulsive disorder in eastern Saudi Arabia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 840–842. doi: 10.1192/bjp.158.6.840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahjoob, M., Nejati, J., Hosseini, A., & Bakhshani, N. M. (2016). The effect of Holy Quran voice on mental health. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(1), 38–42. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9821-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nursi, B. N. (2005). The words: The reconstruction of Islamic belief and thought. Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books.
   Google Scholar
• Okasha, A., Saad, A., Khalil, A. H., el Dawla, A. S., & Yehia, N. (1994). Phenomenology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A transcultural study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 35(3), 191–197. doi: 10.1016/0010-440X(94)90191-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdon, C. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of repugnant obsessions. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60(11), 1169–1180. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachman, S. (2004). Fear of contamination. Behavior Research and Therapy, 42(11), 1227–1255. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2003.10.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saheeh, I. (1997). The Quran (Arabic text with corresponding English meaning) 6 × 4.5 inch (Arabic text with corresponding English meanings). Riyadh: Abulqasim Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Salkovskis, P. M. (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive – compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37(Suppl. 1), S29–S52. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00049-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shooka, A., al-Haddad, M. K., & Raees, A. (1998). OCD in Bahrain: A phenomenological profile. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 44(2), 147–154. doi: 10.1177/002076409804400207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, B. S. (2017). Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-in-adults-epidemiology-pathogenesis-clinical-manifestations-course-and-diagnosis
   Google Scholar
• Subramaniam, M., Soh, P., Vaingankar, J. A., Picco, L., & Chong, S. A. (2013). Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Impact of the disorder and of treatment. CNS Drugs, 27(5), 367–383. doi: 10.1007/s40263-013-0056-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Oppen, P., De Haan, E., Van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Spinhoven, P., Hoogduin, K., & Van Dyck, R. (1995). Cognitive therapy and exposure in vivo in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 33(4), 379–390. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(94)00052-L
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar