The impact of culture on anxiety related cognitions: an exploration with Saudi-Arabian individuals

References

• Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (2003). Adequacy of an English version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale based on back translation and testing bilingual subjects. Psychological Reports, 93, 1101–1104. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Khalek, A. M., & Alansari, B. M. (2004). Gender differences in anxiety among undergraduates from ten Arab countries. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 32(7), 649–655. doi: 10.2224/sbp.2004.32.7.649
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdoun, S., & Chammah, M. (2011, October 29). Arab world growth as world population reaches 7 billion. Retrieved from http://www.albawaba.com/editorchoice/arab-world-growth-world-population-reaches-7-bln-398993
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Ras, W. M. (2003). Barriers to services for Arab immigrant battered women in a Detroit suburb. Journal of Social Work Research and Evaluation, 4(1), 49–66. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ssam/15213668/2003/00000004/00000001/art00005
   Google Scholar
• Al Gelban, K. (2009). Prevalence of psychological symptoms in Saudi secondary school girls in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 29(4), 275. doi: 10.4103/0256-4947.55308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Krenawi, A. (2005). Mental health practice in Arab countries. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 18(5), 560–564. doi: 10.1097/01.yco.0000179498.46182.8b
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayman, A. M., Hamdan-Mansour, A. M., Puskar, K., & Bandak, A. G. (2009). Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on depressive symptomatology, stress and coping strategies among Jordanian university students. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(3), 188–196. doi: 10.1080/01612840802694577
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baptista, G., & Oliveira, T. (2015). Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators. Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 418–430. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. (2016). Transcultural cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety and depression: A practical guide. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Beshai, S., Dobson, K. S., & Adel, A. (2012). Cognition and dysphoria in Egypt and Canada: An examination of the cognitive triad. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 44(1), 29–39. doi: 10.1037/a0025744
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birbili, M. (2000). Translating from one language to another. Social Research Update, 3. Retrieved from http://stru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU31.html
   Google Scholar
• Boehnlein, J. K. (2001). Cultural interpretations of physiological processes in post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder. Transcultural Psychiatry, 38(4), 461–467. doi: 10.1177/136346150103800403
   Google Scholar
• Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. doi: 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
   Google Scholar
• British Psychological Society. (2014). Code of human research ethics. Retrieved from https://www.bps.org.uk/sites/bps.org.uk/files/Policy%20%20Files/BPS%20Code%20of%20Human%20Research%20Ethics.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chowdhary, N., Jotheeswaran, A. T., Nadkarni, A., Hollon, S. D., King, M., Jordans, M. J. D., … Patel, V. (2014). The methods and outcomes of cultural adaptations of psychological treatments for depressive disorders: A systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 44, 1131–1146. doi: 10.1017/S0033291713001785
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, D. M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 24(4), 461–470. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(86)90011-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwairy, M. (2002). Foundations of psychosocial dynamic personality theory of collective people. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(3), 343–360. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(01)00100-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Kady, H. M., Ibrahim, H. K., & Mohamed S. G. (2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy for institutionalized elders complaining of sleep disturbance in Alexandria, Egypt. Sleep and Breathing, 16(4), 1173–1180. doi: 10.1007/s11325-011-0629-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, R., Fischer, C. T., & Rennie, D. L. (1999). Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(3), 215–229. doi: 10.1348/014466599162782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farhood, L. F., Richa, H., & Massalkhi, H. (2014). Group mental health interventions in civilian populations in war-conflict areas: A Lebanese pilot study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 176–182. doi: 10.1177/1043659613515717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fava, G. A., Rafanelli, C., Grandi, S., Conti, S., Ruini, C., Mangelli, L., & Belluardo, P. (2001). Long-term outcome of panic disorder with agoraphobia treated by exposure. Psychological Medicine, 31(5), 891–898. doi: 10.1017/S0033291701003592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fyer, A. J., Katon, W., Hollifield, M., Rassnick, H., Mannuzza, S., Chapman, T., & Ballenger, J. C. (1996). The DSM-IV panic disorder field trial: Panic attack frequency and functional disability. Anxiety, 2(4), 157–166. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1522-7154(1996)2:4<157::AID-ANXI1>3.0.CO;2-L
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guimond, S., Crisp, R. J., De Oliveira, P., Kamiejski, R., Kteily, N., Kuepper, B., … Sidanius, J. (2013). Diversity policy, social dominance, and intergroup relations: Predicting prejudice in changing social and political contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(6), 941–958. doi: 10.1037/a0032069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, F., & Hanley, T. (2015). Adapting cognitive behavioral therapy to meet the needs of Chinese clients: Opportunities and challenges. PsyCh Journal, 4(2), 55–65. doi: 10.1002/pchj.75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdi, E., Amin, Y., & Abou-Saleh, M. T. (1997). Problems in validating endogenous depression in the Arab culture by contemporary diagnostic criteria. Journal of Affective Disorders, 44(2), 131–143. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(97)00037-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid, A., & Furnham, A. (2013). Factors affecting attitude towards seeking professional help for mental illness: A UK Arab perspective. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16(7), 741–758. doi: 10.1080/13674676.2012.718753
   Google Scholar
• Hans, E., & Hiller, W. (2013). A meta-analysis of nonrandomized effectiveness studies on outpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(8), 954–964. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison, L. E., & Huntington, S. P. (2000). Culture matters: How values shape human progress. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Herbig, P. A., & Miller, J. C. (1993). Culture and technology: Does the traffic move in both directions? Journal of Global Marketing, 6(3), 75–104. doi: 10.1300/J042v06n03_05
   Google Scholar
• Hinton, D. E., Chhean, D., Pich, V., Safren, S. A., Hofmann, S. G., & Pollack, M. H. (2005). A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy for Cambodian refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A cross-over design. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(6), 617–629. doi: 10.1002/jts.20070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton, D. E., Hofmann, S. G., Rivera, E., Otto, M. W., & Pollack, M. H. (2011). Culturally adapted CBT (CA-CBT) for Latino women with treatment-resistant PTSD: A pilot study comparing CA-CBT to applied muscle relaxation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(4), 275–280. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton, D. E., Pham, T., Tran, M., Safren, S. A., Otto, M. W., & Pollack, M. H. (2004). CBT for Vietnamese refugees with treatment-resistant PTSD and panic attacks: A pilot study. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(5), 429–433. doi: 10.1023/B:JOTS.0000048956.03529.fa
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iqbal, S., Pipon-Young, L. (2009). The Delphi method. The Psychologist, 22, 598–601. Retrieved from https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-22/edition-7/delphi-method
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Johnston, L., Gandy, M., Fogliati, V. J., Sheehan, J., & Titov, N. (2015). A feasibility open trial of guided Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression amongst Arab Australians. Internet Interventions, 2(1), 32–38. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.12.001
   Google Scholar
• Kayrouz, R., Dear, B. F., Karin, E., Fogliati, V. J., & Titov, N. (2016). A pilot study of a clinician-guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression among Arabs in Australia, presented in both English and Arabic languages. Internet Interventions, 5, 5–11. doi: 10.1016/j.invent.2016.06.002
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leon, A. C., Portera, L., & Weissman, M. M. (1995). The social costs of anxiety disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 4(27), 19–22.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis-Fernández, R., Hinton, D. E., Laria, A. J., Patterson, E. H., Hofmann, S. G., Craske, M. G., … Liao, B. (2010). Culture and the anxiety disorders: Recommendations for DSM-V. Depression and Anxiety, 27(2), 212–229. doi: 10.1002/da.20647
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machery, E. (2010). Explaining why experimental behavior varies across cultures: A missing step in “the weirdest people in the world?”. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 101–102. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X10000178
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIlvenny, S., DeGlume, A. M., Elewa, M., Fernandez, O. T., & Dormer, P. (2000). Factors associated with fatigue in a family medicine clinic in the United Arab Emirates. Family Practice, 17, 408–413. doi: 10.1093/fampra/17.5.408
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2011). Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: Management. Retrieved from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113/chapter/1-Guidance#stepped-care-for-people-with-panic-disorder
   Google Scholar
• Okasha, A. (2003). Mental health services in the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly, 25(4), 39–52. doi: 10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.008
   Google Scholar
• Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Deacon, B. J. (2010). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: A review of meta-analytic findings. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 557–577. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qureshi, N. A., Al Habeeb, T. A., Al Ghamdy, Y. S., Magzoub, M. E. M., and Van der Molen, H. T. (2001). Psychiatric co-morbidity in primary care and hospital referrals, Saudi Arabia. La Revenue de Sante de la Mediterrane Orientale, 7(3), 492–501.
   Google Scholar
• Pedro, C. J., & Cabral, V. J. (2004). National culture and research and development activities. Multinational Business Review, 12(1), 19–36. doi: 10.1108/1525383X200400002
   Google Scholar
• Raffa, S., White, K., & Barlow, D. (2004). Feared consequences of panic attacks in panic disorder: A qualitative and quantitative analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33(4), 199–207. doi: 10.1080/16506070410033356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathod, S., Phiri, P., Harris, S., Underwood, C., Thagadur, M., Padmanabi, U., & Kingdon, D. (2013). Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis can be adapted for minority ethnic groups: A randomised controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 143(2), 319–326. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.11.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy-Byrne, P. P., Stang, P., Wittchen, H. U., Ustun, B., Walters, E., & Kessler, R. C. (2000). Lifetime panic-depression comorbidity in the National Comorbidity Survey. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 176(3), 229–235. doi: 10.1192/bjp.176.3.229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sayed, M. A. (2003). Psychotherapy of Arab patients in the west: Uniqueness, empathy, and “otherness”. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 57(4), 445–459. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2003.57.4.445
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheikh, S., & Furnham, A. (2012). The relationship between somatic expression, psychological distress and GP consultation in two cultural groups. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 25(4), 389–402. doi: 10.1080/09515070.2012.735860
   Google Scholar
• Shove, E. (2010). Beyond the ABC: Climate change policy and theories of social change. Environment and Planning A, 42(6), 1273–1285. doi: 10.1068/a42282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skapinakis, P., Lewis, G., Davies, S., Brugha, T., Prince, M., & Singleton, N. (2011). Panic disorder and subthreshold panic in the UK general population: Epidemiology, comorbidity and functional limitation. European Psychiatry, 26(6), 354–362. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, R. E., & Chambless, D. L. (2009). Cognitive–behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(4), 595–606. doi: 10.1037/a0016032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanath, B., & Chaturvedi, S. K. (2012). Cultural aspects of major mental disorders: A critical review from an Indian perspective. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 34(4), 306–312. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.108193
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wagner, B., Schulz, W., & Knaevelsrud, C. (2012). Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq: A pilot study. Psychiatry Research, 195(1), 85–88. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner, R., Silove, D., Marnane, C., & Joukhador, J. (2008). Impact of culture on the experience of panic symptoms in Arab and Australian patients at a psychology clinic. Australian Psychologist, 43(2), 127–131. doi: 10.1080/00050060701477757
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, F. K. D., & Poon, A. (2010). Cognitive behavioural group therapy treatment for Chinese parents with children with developmental disabilities in Melbourne, Australia: An efficacy study. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 742–749. doi: 10.3109/00048671003769769
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar