References
- Ahmed, S., 2000. Strange encounters: embodied others in post-coloniality. London: Routledge.
- Ainley, J., Freeland, J., and Lonsdale, M., 2001. Youth pathways action plan taskforce. Canberra: Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs.
- Arendt, H., 1958. The human condition. 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Arendt, H. 1968. Between past and future: eight exercises in political thought. Engl. ed. New York: Viking Press.
- Bakardjieva, M., 2010. The internet and subactivism: cultivating young citizenship in everyday life. In: T. Olsson and P. Dahlgren, eds. Young people, icts and democracy: theories, policies, identities, and websites. Goteborg, SW: Nordicom, University of Gothenburg, 129–146.
- Bauman, Z., 2000. Liquid modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Beck, U., 1992. Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: Sage.
- Benhabib, S., 1992. Models of public space: Hannah Arendt, the liberal tradition, and Jurgen Habermas. In: C.J. Calhoun, ed. Habermas and the public sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 73–98.
- Bennett, W.L., 2008. Changing citizenship in the digital age. In: W.L. Bennett, ed. Civic life online: learning how digital media can engage youth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1–24.
- Biesta, G., 2007. Education and the democratic person: towards a political understanding of democratic education. Teacher's college record, 109 (3), 740–769.
- Biesta, G. and Lawy, R., 2006. From teaching citizenship to learning democracy: overcoming individualism in research, policy and practice. Cambridge journal of education, 36 (1), 63–79. doi: 10.1080/03057640500490981
- Biesta, G., Lawy, R., and Kelly, N., 2009. Understanding young people's citizenship learning in everyday life. Education, citizenship and social justice, 4 (1), 5–24. doi: 10.1177/1746197908099374
- Brown, W., 2005. Edgework: critical essays on knowledge and politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Child Trends, 2010a. Percentage of students aged 12–18 who reported being targets of hate-related words at school during the previous six months, by selected student characteristics. Available from: http://www.childtrendsdatabank.org/sites/default/files/94_tab01.pdf [Accessed 10 July 2012].
- Child Trends, 2010b. Percentage of students ages 12 to 18 who feared attack at school or on the way to and from school, selected years, 1995–2007. Available from: http://www.childtrendsdata.org/sites/default/files/38_Fig01.jpg [Accessed 10 July 2012].
- Collin, P., 2009. The making of good citizens: participation policies, the internet and youth political identities in Australia and the United Kingdom. Sydney: University of Sydney.
- Cook, D.T., 2004. The commodification of childhod. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Couldry, N., 2006. Culture and citizenship: the missing link? European journal of communication, 9 (3), 321–339.
- Critcher, C., 2008. Making waves: historical aspects of public debates about children and mass media. In: K. Drotner and S. Livingstone, eds. The international handbook of children, media and culture. London: Sage, 91–104.
- Curtis, K.F., 1999. Our sense of the real: aesthetic experience and Arendtian politics. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Dahlgren, P., 2003. Reconfiguring civic culture in the new media milieu. In: J. Corner and D. Pels, eds. Media and political style: essays on representation and civic culture. London: Sage, 151–170.
- Dahlgren, P., 2006. Doing citizenship: the cultural origins of civic agency in the public sphere. European journal of cultural studies, 9 (3), 267–286. doi: 10.1177/1367549406066073
- Dee, M., 2002. The new citizenship of the risk and surveillance society - from a citizenship of hope to a citizenship of fear. In: Paper presented at the Social change in the 21st century conference, Centre for Social Change Research, 22 November 2002, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane.
- Derrida, J., 2002. Hospitality, G. Anidjar, trans., In: Acts of religion. New York: Routledge.
- Dillabough, J. and Kennelly, J., 2010. Lost youth in the global city: class, culture and the urban imaginary. New York: Routledge.
- Eurydice, 2005. Citizenship education at school in Europe: survey. Brussels: European Commission.
- Fenton, N., 2010. Re-imagining democracy: new media, young people, participation and politics. In: T. Olsson and P. Dahlgren, eds. Young people, icts and democracy. Goteborg, SW: Nordicom, University of Gothenburg, 19–34.
- Fingerman, K., 2009. Consequential strangers and peripheral partners: the importance of unimportant relationships. Journal of family theory and review, 1 (2), 69–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-2589.2009.00010.x
- Finkelhor, D., 2011. The internet, youth safety and the problem of ‘juvenoia’. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Crimes Against Children Research Centre.
- Finkelhor, D., 2008. Childhood victimization: violence, crime, and abuse in the lives of young people. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Frosh, P., 2006. Telling presences: witnessing, mass media, and the imagined lives of strangers. Critical studies in media communication, 23 (4), 265–284. doi: 10.1080/07393180600933097
- Giddens, A., 1990. The consequences of modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
- Gray, M.L., 2009. Youth, media, and queer visibility in rural America. New York: New York University Press.
- Great Britain Children and Young People's Unit, 2001. Learning to listen: core principles for the involvement of children and young people. Nottinghamshire: Children and Young People Unit.
- Hern, M., 2009. Tourism, tolerance, or hospitality? An assessment of a native/non-native, urban/rural youth exchange program between Fort Good Hope, NWT and East Vancouver, BC. Review of education, pedagogy and cultural studies, 31 (4), 316–337. doi: 10.1080/10714410903132907
- Hobsbawm, E.J., 1992. Nations and nationalism since 1780: programme, myth, reality. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Hoechsmann, M. and Poyntz, S.R., 2012. Media literacies: a critical introduction. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.
- Inda, J.X., 2000. Foreign bodies: migrants, parasites, and the pathological nation. Discourse, 22 (3), 46–62. doi: 10.1353/dis.2000.0006
- Ito, M.M., et al., 2009. Living and learning with new media: summary of findings from the digital youth project. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Kahne, J., et al., 2012. Youth online activity and exposure to diverse perspectives. New Media & Society, 14 (3), 492–512. doi: 10.1177/1461444811420271
- Kelly, P., 2003. Growing up as risky business? Risks, surveillance and the institutionalized mistrust of youth. Journal of youth studies, 6 (2), 165–180. doi: 10.1080/1367626032000110291
- Kennelly, J., 2009. Good citizen/bad activist: the cultural role of the state in youth activism. Review of education, pedagogy and cultural studies, 31 (2–3), 127–149. doi: 10.1080/10714410902827135
- Kennelly, J., 2011. Citizen youth: culture, activism and agency in a neoliberal era. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Knight Abowitz, K. and Harnish, J., 2006. Contemporary discourses of citizenship. Review of educational research, 76 (4), 653–690. doi: 10.3102/00346543076004653
- Latour, B., 2005. From realpolitik to dingpolitik or how to make things public. In: B. Latour and P. Weibel, eds. Making things public: atmospheres of democracy. Cambridge, MA: Centre for Art and Media Karlsruhe/MIT Press, 14–41.
- Lawy, R. and Biesta, G., 2006. Citizenship-as-practice: the educational implications of an inclusive and relational understanding of citizenship. British journal of educational studies, 54 (1), 34–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8527.2006.00335.x
- Lenhart, A., et al., 2008. Teens, video games, and civics. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project.
- Levinas, E. 1985. Ethics and infinity: conversations with Phillippe Nemo. R.A. Cohen, trans. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
- Livingstone, S., 2009. Children and the internet: great expectations, challenging realities. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Livingstone, S. and Bober, M., 2004. UK children go online: surveying the experiences of young people and their parents. London: Economic and Social Research Council.
- Livingstone, S., et al., 2011. Risks and safety on the internet: the perspective of European children. Full findings. London: LSE, EU Kids Online.
- Macintosh, L., Poyntz, S.R., and Bryson, M., 2011. Internet. In: N. Lesko and S. Talburt, eds. Youth studies: tracing affects, movements, knowledges. New York, NY: Routledge, 213–218.
- McLaughlin, T.H., 2000. Citizenship education in England: the crick report and beyond. Journal of philosophy of education, 34 (4), 541–570. doi: 10.1111/1467-9752.00194
- Media Awareness Network, 2005. Young Canadians in a wired world: Phase ii, trends and recommendations. Ottawa, ON: Media Awareness Network.
- Myers, C.A. and Thornham, H., 2012. Youthful ‘fictions’, creative ‘journeys’ and potential strategies of resistance. Media, culture and society, 34 (2), 228–237. doi: 10.1177/0163443711431203
- Naval, C., Print, M., and Veldhuis, R., 2002. Education for democratic citizenship in the new Europe: context and reform. European journal of education, 37 (2), 107–128. doi: 10.1111/1467-3435.00097
- Nealon, J.T., 1998. Alterity and politics: ethics and performative subjectivity. Durham: Duke University Press.
- Ofcom, 2012. Children and parents: media use and attitudes report. London: Ofcom.
- Office of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention, 2010a. Juvenile arrest rate trends. Available from: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/JAR_Display.asp?ID=qa05200 [Accessed 10 July 2012].
- Office of Juvenile & Delinquency Prevention, 2010b. School crime victimization. Available from: http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/victims/qa02201.asp?qaDate=2007 [Accessed 10 July 2012].
- Pattie, C., Seyd, P., and Whiteley, P., 2004. Citizenship in Britain: values, participation and democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Poyntz, S.R. and Hoechsmann, M., 2011. Not just philosophizing: producing effective youth media and communication projects. In: J. Fisherkeller, ed. International perspectives on youth media: cultures of production and education. New York: Peter Lang, 301–316.
- Ratisch, D. and Viteritti, J., eds., 2001. Making good citizens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Rideout, V.J., Foehr, U.G., and Roberts, D.F., 2010. Generation m2: media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
- Robertson, L., 2011. Prosody of the citizen. Contours: journal of the institute for the humanities(2). Available from: http://www.sfu.ca/humanities-institute/?p=584 [Accessed 15 January 2012].
- Rose, N., 1999. Governing the soul: the shaping of the private self. 2nd ed. London: Free Association Books.
- Ruitenberg, C., 2011a. The empty chair: education in an ethic of hospitality. In: R. Kunzman, ed. Philosophy of education 2011. Urbana: Philosophy of Education Society, 28–36.
- Ruitenberg, C., 2011b. Hospitality and subjectification: on seeing children and youth as respondents. Jeunesse: young people, texts, cultures, 3 (2), 133–140. doi: 10.1353/jeu.2011.0012
- Sabella, R.A., 2009. Cyberbullying: who, what, where, why, and what now? Counseling and human development, 41 (8), 1–19.
- Scarry, E., 1996. The difficulty of imagining other people. In: J. Cohen, ed. For love of country: debating the limits of patriotism. Boston: Beacon, 98–110.
- Schrobsdorff, S., 2006. Predator's playground. Newsweek. Available from: http://www.newsweek.com/2006/01/26/predator-s-playground.html [Accessed 1 June 2012].
- Simmel, G., 1971. The stranger. In: D.N. Levine, ed. George Simmel: on individuality and social forms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 143–149.
- Shade, L.R., 2011. Surveilling the girl via the third and networked screen. In: M.C. Kearney, ed. Mediated girlhoods: new explorations of girls' media culture. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 261–276.
- Smith, C., Christoffersen, K., and Davidson, H., 2011. Lost in translation: the dark side of emerging adulthood. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Steeves, V., 2007. Children's online privacy policy concerns. In: Paper presented at the Terra Incognita: Privacy Horizons, 29th International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners, 25–28 September 2007, Montreal, PQ.
- Stokes, M.A., 2009. Stranger danger: child protection and parental fears in the risk society. Amsterdam social science, 1 (3), 6–24.
- Thomas Jr., L., 2012. For London youth, down and out is way of life. New York Times, 15 February. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/2002/2016/business/global/for-london-youth-down-and-out-is-way-of-life.html?_r=2011&ref=global-home [Accessed 4 July 2012].
- Torney-Purta, J., et al., 2001. Citizenship and education in twenty-eight countries: civic knowledge and engagement at age fourteen. Amsterdam: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).
- Turner, B.S., 2007. The enclave society: towards a sociology of immobility. European journal of social theory, 10 (2), 287–303. doi: 10.1177/1368431007077807
- UK Department for Education and Skills, 2006. Youth matters: Next steps - something to do, somewhere to go, someone to talk to. Nottingham: UK Department for Education and Skills.
- van Hamel, A., 2011. From consumer to citizen: digital media and youth civic engagement. Ottawa, ON: Media Awareness Network.
- Warner, M., 2002. Publics and counterpublics. New York: Zone Books.
- Westheimer, J., 2011. No child left thinking: democracy at-risk in American schools. Colleagues, 3 (2), Article 8. Available from: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/colleagues/vol3/iss2/8 [Accessed 15 May 2012].
- Westheimer, J. and Kahne, J., 2004. What kind of citizen? The politics of educating for democracy. American Educational Research Journal, 41 (2), 237–269. doi: 10.3102/00028312041002237
- Williams, R., 2011. Will the national citizen service stop young people rioting? Available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2011/aug/30/national-citizen-service-prevent-rioting [Accessed 2 April 2012].
- Wolak, J., et al., 2008. ‘Online Predators’ and their victims: myths, realities and implications for prevention and treatment. American Psychologist, 63, 111–128. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.63.2.111
- Yilmaz, F., 2012. Right-wing hegemony and immigration: how the populist far-right achieved hegemony through the immigration debate in Europe. Current sociology, 60 (3), 368–381. doi: 10.1177/0011392111426192
- Youth Citizenship Commission, 2009. Making the connection: building youth citizenship in the UK. London, UK: Youth Citizenship Commission.