Toward employee work passion and performance: a validation of the Work Cognition Inventory in Korea

References

• Ajzen, I. 1991. “The Theory of Planned Behavior.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50 (2): 179–211. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALIO. 2014. “ALI Public Information in One.” http://www.alio.go.kr/alio/main/main.jsp
   Google Scholar
• Aronson, E., T. D. Wilson, and R. M. Akert. 2005. Social Psychology. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. 1977. “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change.” Psychological Review 84 (2): 191–215. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandura, A. 1986. Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Baruch, Y., and B. C. Holtom. 2008. “Survey Response Rate Levels and Trends in Organizational Research.” Human Relations 61 (8): 1139–1160. doi:10.1177/0018726708094863.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, T. E., C. A. Lengnick-Hall, and M. L. Lengnick-Hall. 2008. “Solutions Out of Context: Examining the Transfer of Business Concepts to Nonprofit Organizations.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 19 (2): 153–171. doi:10.1002/nml.213.
   Google Scholar
• Blanchard, S., D. Zigarmi, D. Houson, and V. Essary. 2011. “The Leadership-Purpose Chain in Governmental Organizations.” In Transforming American Government: Rebooting the Public Square, edited by A. Baltic and T. Buss, 322–338. New York: Armonk.
   Google Scholar
• Boyne, G. A. 2002. “Public and Private Management: What’s the Difference?” Journal of Management Studies 39 (1): 97–122. doi:10.1111/1467-6486.00284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozeman, B., P. N. Reed, and P. Scott. 1992. “Red Tape and Task Delays in Public and Private Organizations.” Administration & Society 24 (3): 290–322. doi:10.1177/009539979202400302.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzo, S. L. 2000. “Evaluation Resources for Nonprofit Organizations.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 10 (4): 463–472. doi:10.1002/nml.10409.
   Google Scholar
• Brooks, R. 2000. “Why Loyal Employees and Customers Improve the Bottom Line.” Journal for Quality and Participation 23 (2): 40–44.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, H., E. F. Holton III, and R. Bates. 2005. “Development and Validation of the Learning Transfer System Inventory in Taiwan.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 16 (1): 55–84. doi:10.1002/hrdq.1124.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, R. S. 2013. “Unionization and Work Attitudes: How Union Commitment Influences Public Sector Job Satisfaction.” Public Administration Review 73 (1): 74–84. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02609.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denison, D. R., and A. K. Mishra. 1995. “Toward a Theory of Organizational Culture and Effectiveness.” Organization Science 6 (2): 204–223. doi:10.1287/orsc.6.2.204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durvasula, S., R. G. Netemeyer, J. C. Andrews, and S. Lysonski. 2006. “Examining the Cross-National Applicability of Multi-Item, Multi-Dimensional Measures using Generalizability Theory.” Journal of International Business Studies 37 (4): 469–483. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grafton, B., C. Ang, and C. MacLeod. 2012. “Always Look on the Bright Side of Life: The Attentional Basis of Positive Affectivity.” European Journal of Personality 26 (2): 133–144. doi:10.1002/per.1842.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, J. M., A. C. Guthrie, and B. Thompson. 2003. “Consequences of Not Interpreting Structure Coefficients in Published CFA Research: A Reminder.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 10 (1): 142–153. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM1001_7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grindle, M. S., and M. E. Hilderbrand. 1995. “Building Sustainable Capacity in the Public Sector: What Can Be Done?” Public Administration and Development 15 (5): 441–463. doi:10.1002/pad.4230150502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hair, J., W. Black, B. Babin, and R. Anderson. 2010. Multivariate Data Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Henson, R. K., and J. K. Roberts. 2006. “Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice.” Educational and Psychological Measurement 66: 393–416. doi:10.1177/0013164405282485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstede, G. H. 1997. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, E. F.III, R. A. Bates, and W. E. A. Ruona. 2000. “Development of a Generalized Learning Transfer System Inventory.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 11 (4): 333–360. doi:10.1002/1532-1096(200024)11:4<333::AID-HRDQ2>3.0.CO;2-P.
   Google Scholar
• Holton, R. 2000. “Globalization’s Cultural Consequences.” The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 570: 140–152. doi:10.1177/0002716200570001011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., and P. M. Bentler. 1999. “Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives.” Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6 (1): 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaramillo, F., J. P. Mulki, and G. W. Marshall. 2005. “A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Commitment and Salesperson Job Performance: 25 Years of Research.” Journal of Business Research 58 (6): 705–714. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. E., C. C. Rosen, and E. Djurdjevic. 2011. “Assessing the Impact of Common Method Variance on Higher Order Multidimensional Constructs.” Journal of Applied Psychology 96 (4): 744–761. doi:10.1037/a0021504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, T. P., and F. J. R. Van De Vijver. 2003. “Social Desirability in Cross-Cultural Research.” In Cross-Cultural Survey Methods, edited by T. P. Johnson and F. J. R. Van De Vijver, 193–209. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Judge, T. A., and J. D. Kammeyer-Mueller. 2012. “Job Attitudes.” Annual Review of Psychology 63: 341–367. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn, W. A. 1990. “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work.” Academy of Management Journal 33 (4): 692–724. doi:10.2307/256287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn, W. A. 1992. “To Be Fully There: Psychological Presence at Work.” Human Relations 45 (4): 321–349. doi:10.1177/001872679204500402.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 1999. “Behavioral Commitment among the Automobile Workers in South Korea.” Human Resource Management Review 9 (4): 419–451. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00028-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, S. 2006. “Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Korea.” International Journal of Manpower 27 (8): 722–740. doi:10.1108/01437720610713521.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko, J.-W., J. L. Price, and C. W. Mueller. 1997. “Assessment of Meyer and Allen’s Three-Component Model of Organizational Commitment in South Korea.” Journal of Applied Psychology 82: 961–973. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.6.961.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushner, R. J., and P. P. Poole. 1996. “Exploring Structure-effectiveness Relationships in Nonprofit Arts Organizations.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 7 (2): 119–136. doi:10.1002/nml.4130070203.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, K., N. J. Allen, J. P. Meyer, and K.-Y. Rhee. 2001. “The Three-Component Model of Organisational Commitment: An Application to South Korea.” Applied Psychology 50 (4): 596–614. doi:10.1111/1464-0597.00075.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindenberg, M. 2001. “Are we at the Cutting Edge Or the Blunt Edge?: Improving NGO Organizational Performance with Private and Public Sector Strategic Management Frameworks.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 11 (3): 247–270. doi:10.1002/nml.11302.
   Google Scholar
• Lyons, S. T., L. E. Duxbury, and C. A. Higgins. 2006. “A Comparison of the Values and Commitment of Private Sector, Public Sector, and Parapublic Sector Employees.” Public Administration Review 66 (4): 605–618. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00620.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Machida, S. 2012. “Does Globalization Render People More Ethnocentric? Globalization and People’s Views on Cultures.” American Journal of Economics and Sociology 71 (2): 436–469. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.2012.00835.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markovits, Y., A. J. Davis, D. Fay, and R. V. Dick. 2010. “The Link between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Differences between Public and Private Sector Employees.” International Public Management Journal 13 (2): 177–196. doi:10.1080/10967491003756682.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean, G. N. 2006. Organization Development: Principles, Processes, Performance. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J. P., and N. J. Allen. 1991. “A Three-Component Conceptualization of Organizational Commitment.” Human Resource Management Review 1 (1): 61–89. doi:10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, D. A., D. L. Joseph, T. E. Sparkman, and N. C. Carpenter. 2011. “Invited Reaction: The Work Cognition Inventory: Initial Evidence of Construct Validity.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 22 (1): 37–47. doi:10.1002/hrdq.20065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimon, K., and T. Reio. 2011. “Measurement Invariance: A Foundational Principle for Quantitative Theory Building.” Human Resource Development Review 10: 198–214. doi:10.1177/1534484311399731.
   Google Scholar
• Nimon, K., and D. Zigarmi. 2011. “The Assessment of a Multinational Using the Employee Work Passion Model.” Advances in Developing Human Resources 13 (4): 494–507. doi:10.1177/1523422311431681.
   Google Scholar
• Nimon, K., D. Zigarmi, and J. Allen. 2011. “Measures of Program Effectiveness Based on Retrospective Pretest Data: Are All Created Equal?” American Journal of Evaluation 32: 8–28. doi:10.1177/1098214010378354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimon, K., D. Zigarmi, D. Houson, D. Witt, and J. Diehl. 2011. “The Work Cognition Inventory: Initial Evidence of Construct Validity.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 22 (1): 7–35. doi:10.1002/hrdq.20064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C. 1978. Psychometric Theory. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. C., and I. H. Bernstein. 1994. Psychometric Theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Paine, J. B., and D. W. Organ. 2000. “The Cultural Matrix of Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Some Preliminary Conceptual and Empirical Observations.” Human Resource Management Review 10 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1016/S1053-4822(99)00038-8.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, N. P., J. A. LePine, and M. A. LePine. 2007. “Differential Challenge Stressor-Hindrance Stressor Relationships with Job Attitudes, Turnover Intentions, Turnover, and Withdrawal Behavior: A Meta-Analysis.” Journal of Applied Psychology 92 (2): 438–454. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.2.438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., S. B. MacKenzie, J. Lee, and N. P. Podsakoff. 2003. “Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies.” Journal of Applied Psychology 88 (5): 879–903. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson, H. A., M. J. Simmering, and M. C. Sturman. 2009. “A Tale of Three Perspectives: Examining Post Hoc Statistical Techniques for Detection and Correction of Common Method Variance.” Organizational Research Methods 12 (4): 762–800. doi:10.1177/1094428109332834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saks, A. M. 2006. “Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement.” Journal of Managerial Psychology 21 (7): 600–619. doi:10.1108/02683940610690169.
   Google Scholar
• Salanova, M., and W. Schaufeli. 2008. “A Cross-National Study of Work Engagement as a Mediator between Job Resources and Proactive Behaviour.” The International Journal of Human Resource Management 19 (1): 116–131. doi:10.1080/09585190701763982.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaufeli, W. B., and A. B. Bakker. 2004. “Job Demands, Job Resources, and their Relationship with Burnout and Engagement: A Multi-Sample Study.” Journal of Organizational Behavior 25 (3): 293–315. doi:10.1002/job.248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schriesheim, C. A., E. Solomon, and R. E. Kopelman. 1989. “Grouped Versus Randomized Format: An Investigation of Scale Convergent and Discriminant Validity Using LISREL Confirmatory Factor Analysis.” Applied Psychological Measurement 13: 19–32. doi:10.1177/014662168901300103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte, M., C. Ostroff, S. Shmulyian, and A. Kinicki. 2009. “Organizational Climate Configurations: Relationships to Collective Attitudes, Customer Satisfaction, and Financial Performance.” Journal of Applied Psychology 94 (3): 618–634. doi:10.1037/a0014365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, N. 1999. “Self-Reports: How the Questions Shape the Answers.” American Psychologist 54: 93–105. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.2.93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuck, B., R. Ghosh, D. Zigarmi, and K. Nimon. 2013. “The Jingle Jangle of Employee Engagement: Further Exploration of the Emerging Construct and Implications for Workplace Learning and Performance.” Human Resource Development Review 12 (1): 11–35. doi:10.1177/1534484312463921.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuck, B., K. Nimon, and D. Zigarmi. forthcoming. “Employee Engagement and HRD: Exploring the Philosophical Underpinnings, Measurement, and Interventions.” In The Handbook of Human Resource Development: The Discipline and the Profession, edited by N. E. Chalofsky, T. S. Rocco, and M. L. Morris. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Shuck, B., and T. G. Reio. 2014. “Employee Engagement and Well-being: A Moderation Model and Implications for Practice.” Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 21 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1177/1548051813494240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song, J. H., B. K. B. Joo, and T. J. Chermack. 2009. “The Dimensions of Learning Organization Questionnaire (DLOQ): A Validation Study in a Korean Context.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 20 (1): 43–64. doi:10.1002/hrdq.20007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, J. M., E. Sinar, W. Balzer, and P. C. Smith. 2002. “Issues and Strategies for Reducing the Length of Self-Report Scales.” Personnel Psychology 55: 167–194. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2002.tb00108.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel, R. P., and N. K. Ovalle. 1984. “A Review and Meta-Analysis of Research on the Relationship between Behavioral Intentions and Employee Turnover.” Journal of Applied Psychology 69 (4): 673–686. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straub, D., M. C. Boudreau, and D. Gefen. 2004. “Validation Guidelines for IS Positivist Research.” The Communications of the Association for Information Systems 13: 380–427.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, B. 2004. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis: Understanding Concepts and Applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Van Elteren, M. 2003. “U.S. Cultural Imperialism: Today Only a Chimera.” SAIS Review 23 (2): 169–188. doi:10.1353/sais.2003.0038.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J., H. Tolson, T. Chiang, and T. Huang. 2010. “An Exploratory Factor Analysis of Workplace Learning, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment in Small to Midsize Enterprises in Taiwan.” Human Resource Development International 13 (2): 147–163. doi:10.1080/13678861003703682.
   Google Scholar
• Wood, J. M., D. J. Tataryn, and R. L. Gorsuch. 1996. “Effects of Under- and Overextraction on Principal Axis Factor Analysis with Varimax Rotation.” Psychological Methods 1 (4): 354–365. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.4.354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthington, R. L., and T. A. Whittaker. 2006. “Scale Development Research: A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices.” The Counseling Psychologist 34 (6): 806–838. doi:10.1177/0011000006288127.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, X., and K. M. Bartol. 2010. “Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement.” Academy of Management Journal 53 (1): 107–128. doi:10.5465/AMJ.2010.48037118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigarmi, D., and K. Nimon. 2011. “A Cognitive Approach to Work Intention: The Stuff That Employee Work Passion Is Made of?” Advances in Developing Human Resources 13 (4): 447–461. doi:10.1177/1523422311431152.
   Google Scholar
• Zigarmi, D., K. Nimon, D. Houson, D. Witt, and J. Diehl. 2009. “Beyond Engagement: Toward a Framework and Operational Definition for Employee Work Passion.” Human Resource Development Review 8 (3): 300–326. doi:10.1177/1534484309338171.
   Google Scholar
• Zigarmi, D., K. Nimon, D. Houson, D. Witt, and J. Diehl. 2011. “A Preliminary Field Test of an Employee Work Passion Model.” Human Resource Development Quarterly 22 (2): 195–221. doi:10.1002/hrdq.20076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmermann, J. A. M., B. W. Stevens, B. J. Thames, C. M. Sieverdes, and G. M. Powell. 2003. “The DIRECTIONS Nonprofit Resource Assessment Model: A Tool for Small Nonprofit Organizations.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 14 (1): 79–91. doi:10.1002/nml.22.
   Google Scholar